Jacob Viner

Viner was born to a Jewish familyedited by Stephen Harlan Norwood, Eunice G. Pollack [https://books.google.com/books?id=IB3mBsgfIHQC&dq=Jacob+Viner&pg=PA720 Encyclopedia of American Jewish History, Volume 1] August 2007 on May 3, 1892, in Montreal, Quebec, to Romanian immigrant parents. He earned his undergraduate degree at McGill University in 1914. He received a PhD at Harvard University, where he wrote his dissertation, under the trade economist F. W. Taussig.{{Cite web|url=http://etcweb.princeton.edu/CampusWWW/Companion/viner_jacob.html|title=Viner, Jacob|work=etcweb.princeton.edu|access-date=2019-09-02|archive-date=2017-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101145505/http://etcweb.princeton.edu/CampusWWW/Companion/viner_jacob.html|url-status=dead}}

{{Chicago school (economics)}}

Viner was a professor at the University of Chicago from 1916 to 1917 and from 1919 to 1946. At various times, Viner also taught at Stanford and Yale Universities and twice went to the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1946 he left for Princeton University, where he remained until his retirement, in 1960.{{cite web|year=2009|access-date=2009-10-11|title=Jacon Viner|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/629468/Jacob-Viner|publisher= britannica}}{{cite web|last=Leitch|first=Alexander|year=1978|access-date=2009-10-11|title=Viner, Jacob|url=http://etcweb.princeton.edu/CampusWWW/Companion/viner_jacob.html|publisher=Princeton University Press|archive-date=2017-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101145505/http://etcweb.princeton.edu/CampusWWW/Companion/viner_jacob.html|url-status=dead}} He was also a member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton from 1947 to 1948 and a permanent member there from 1950 to 1970.{{cite web|year=2016|access-date=2016-01-06|title=Jacob Viner|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/629468/Jacob-Viner|publisher= britannica}}{{cite web|last=Leitch|first=Alexander|year=1978|access-date=2009-10-11|title=Viner, Jacob|url=http://etcweb.princeton.edu/CampusWWW/Companion/viner_jacob.html|publisher=Princeton University Press|archive-date=2017-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101145505/http://etcweb.princeton.edu/CampusWWW/Companion/viner_jacob.html|url-status=dead}}{{cite web | year=1980| access-date=2023-12-16 |title=A Community of Scholars: The Institute for Advanced Study Faculty and Members 1930-1980|

url=https://www.ias.edu/sites/default/files/library/pdfs/hs/cos.pdf| publisher=The Institute for Advanced Study}}

Viner was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1934.{{Cite web |title=Jacob Viner |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/jacob-viner |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |date=9 February 2023 |language=en}} In 1942, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Jacob+Viner&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}

Nobel laureate Milton Friedman studied under Viner while he was at the University of Chicago. {{cite book |author1= Friedman, Milton |author2= Friedman, Rose D. |author2-link= Rose Friedman |title= Two Lucky People: Memoirs |place= Chicago and London |publisher= The University of Chicago Press |year= 1998 |url= https://archive.org/details/twoluckypeopleme00frie/page/n3/mode/2up?view=theater |url-access= registration |page= [https://archive.org/details/twoluckypeopleme00frie/page/n13/mode/2up?view=theater 1] |via = Internet Archive}}

Viner died on September 12, 1970, in Princeton, New Jersey.

Viner played a role in government, most notably as an advisor to Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr. during the administration of Franklin Roosevelt. During World War II, he served as co-rapporteur to the economic and financial group of the Council on Foreign Relations' "War and Peace Studies" project, along with Harvard economist Alvin Hansen.{{cite book|title=The Council on Foreign Relations and American Foreign Policy in the Early Cold War

|author=Michael Wala|publisher=Berghahn Books|year=1994|pages=38|quote=The rapporteurs of the Economic and Financial Group}}

Viner was a noted opponent of John Maynard Keynes during the Great Depression. While he agreed with the policies of government spending pushed by Keynes, Viner argued that Keynes's analysis was flawed and would not stand in the long run.

Known for his economic modeling of the firm, including the long- and the short-run cost curves, his work is still used today.{{cite journal |first=Jacob |last=Viner |year=1931 |title=Cost Curves and Supply Curves |journal=Zeitschrift für Nationalökonomie |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=23–46 |jstor=41792520 |doi=10.1007/BF01316299 |s2cid=153899081 }} Reprinted in R. B. Emmett, ed. 2002, The Chicago Tradition in Economics, 1892–1945, Routledge, v. 6, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=rwhrYnGEYdoC&pg=PA192 192–215].

Viner is further known for having added the terms trade creation and trade diversion to the canon of economics in 1950. He also made important contributions to the theory of international trade and to the history of economic thought. While he was at Chicago, Viner co-edited the Journal of Political Economy with Frank Knight.

His work, Studies in the Theory of International Trade (1937), discusses the history of economic thought and is a historical source for the Bullionist controversy in 19th-century Britain.

Viner spoke at the Conference on Atomic Energy Control in 1945, stating "that the atomic bomb was the cheapest way yet devised of killing human beings" and that atomic bombs "will be peacemaking in effect," perhaps making him the founder of nuclear deterrence.{{cite book

|title=The Making of the Atomic Bomb

|url=https://archive.org/details/makingofatomicbo00rhod

|url-access=registration

|author=Rhodes, Richard

|author-link= Richard Rhodes

|publisher=Simon & Schuster Paperbacks

|year=1986

|pages=[https://archive.org/details/makingofatomicbo00rhod/page/753 753] |via = Internet Archive

}}

• "Some Problems of Logical Method in Political Economy", 1917, JPE
• "Price Policies: the determination of market price", 1921.
• Dumping: A problem in international trade, 1923.
• Canada's Balance of International Indebtedness: 1900–1913, 1924.
• "The Utility Concept in Value Theory and its Critics", 1925, JPE.
• {{cite journal|title=Adam Smith and Laissez-Faire|year= 1927|journal= Journal of Political Economy|volume=35|issue=2|pages= 198–232|jstor=1823421|last1= Viner|first1= Jacob|doi= 10.1086/253837|s2cid= 154539413}}
• {{cite journal|author1= Frederick C. Mills|author2=Jacob H. Hollander|author3=Jacob Viner|author4=E. B. Wilson|author5=Wesley C. Mitchell|author6=F. W. Taussig|author6-link=F. W. Taussig|author7=T. S. Adams|author8=John D. Black|author9=John Candler Cobb|title=The Present Status and Future Prospects of Quantitative Economics|year=1928|volume=18|issue=1|pages= 28–45|jstor= 1811547|journal=American Economic Review}}
• "Mills' Behavior of Prices", 1929, QJE
• "Costs Curves and Supply Curves," Zeitschrift für Nationalökonomie, 3, pp. 23–46. Reprinted in R. B. Emmett, ed. 2002, The Chicago Tradition in Economics, 1892–1945, Routledge, v. 6, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=rwhrYnGEYdoC&pg=PA192=onepage 192–215].
• "The Doctrine of Comparative Costs", 1932, WWA
• "Inflation as a Possible Remedy for the Depression", 1933, Proceedings of Institute of Public Affairs, Univ. of Georgia
• [https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/1882505?uid=3739776&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21101975778603 "Mr. Keynes on the Causes of Unemployment"], 1936, QJE.
• {{cite book |title= Studies in the Theory of International Trade |place= London |publisher= George Allen & Unwin |year= 1937}} [https://mises.org/books/Studies_in_the_Theory_of_International_Trade_Viner.pdf via Mises Institute]
• "The Short View and the Long in Economic Policy," American Economic Review, 30(1), Part 1 1940, pp. [https://www.jstor.org/pss/1807636 1–15].
• "Marshall's Economics, in Relation to the Man and to his Times", 1941, AER
• Trade Relations Between Free-Market and Controlled Economies, 1943.
• "International Relations between State-Controlled National Economies", 1944, AER.
• "Prospects for Foreign Trade in the Post-War World", 1946, Manchester Statistical Society.
• "Power Versus Plenty as Objectives of Foreign Policy in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", 1948, World Politics
• "Bentham and J.S. Mill: the Utilitarian Background", 1949, AER
• The Customs Union Issue, 1950.
• "A Modest Proposal for Some Stress on Scholarship in Graduate Training", 1950 (reprinted in 1991)
• International Economics, 1951.
• International Trade and Economic Development, 1952.
• "Schumpeter's History of Economic Analysis," American Economic Review, 44(5), 1954, pp. [https://www.jstor.org/pss/1807709 894–910].
• "'Fashion' in Economic Thought", 1957, Report of 6th Conference of Princeton Graduate Alumni
• "International Trade Theory and its Present-Day Relevance", 1955, Economics and Public Policy
• The Long View and the Short: Studies in Economic Theory, 1958.
• "Stability and Progress: the poorer countries' problem", 1958, in Hague, editor, Stability and Progress in the World Economy
• Five Lectures on Economics and Freedom, 1959 (Wabash Lectures, publ. 1991)
• "The Intellectual History of Laissez-Faire", 1960, J Law Econ
• "Hayek on Freedom and Coercion", 1960, Southern Econ J
• "Relative Abundance of the Factors and International Trade", 1962, Indian EJ
• "The Necessary and Desirable Range of Discretion to be Allowed to a Monetary Authority", 1962, in Yeager, editor, In Search of a Monetary Constitution
• "'Possessive Individualism' as Original Sin", 1963, Canadian J of Econ & Poli Sci [https://www.jstor.org/stable/139345?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents]
• "The Earlier Letters of John Stuart Mill", 1963, Univ of Toronto Quarterly
• "The Economist in History", 1963, American Economic Review, 53(2), pp. [https://www.jstor.org/pss/1823845 1–22]
• "The United States as a Welfare State", 1963, in Higgenbotham, editor, Man, Science, Learning and Education
• Problems of Monetary Control, 1964.
• "Comment on my 1936 Review of Keynes", 1964, in Lekachman, editor, Keynes's General Theory
• "Introduction", in J. Rae, Life of Adam Smith, 1965.
• "Adam Smith", 1968, in Sills, editor, International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
• "Mercantilist Thought", 1968, in Sills, editor, International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
• "Man's Economic Status", 1968, in Clifford, editor, Man Versus Society in Eighteenth-Century Britain.
• "Satire and Economics in the Augustan Age of Satire", 1970, in Miller et al., editors, The Augustan Milieu
• The Role of Providence in the Social Order, 1972.
• Religious Thought and Economic Society: Four Chapters of an Unfinished Work by Jacob Viner, ed. by J. Melitz and D. Winch, History of Poli Econ., 1978.
• {{cite book |title= Essays on the Intellectual History of Economics |editor= Irwin, Douglas A. |editor-link = Douglas Irwin |year= 1991 |url= https://archive.org/details/essaysonintellec0056vine/page/n5/mode/2up?view=theater |url-access= registration |place= Princeton, NJ |publisher= Princeton University Press|isbn= 978-0-691-04266-4 }}

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{{Reflist}}

• {{cite journal |title=On the Centenary of Jacob Viner's Birth: A Retrospective View of the Man and His Work |first=Arthur I. |last=Bloomfield |journal=Journal of Economic Literature |volume=30 |issue=4 |year=1992 |pages=2052–2085 |jstor=2727973 }}
• {{cite book |last=Markwell |first=Donald |title=John Maynard Keynes and International Relations: Economic Paths to War and Peace |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2008 }}

• [http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/8p58pc94c Jacob Viner Papers] at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311152649/http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/viner.htm Profile of Jacob Viner] at the [https://web.archive.org/web/20070409070356/http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/home.htm History of Economic Thought website].
• {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Jacob Viner (1892–1970) |url=http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bios/Viner.html |encyclopedia=The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics |edition=2nd |series=Library of Economics and Liberty |publisher=Liberty Fund |year=2008 }}
• {{Gutenberg author | id=33936| name=Jacob Viner}}
• {{Internet Archive author |sname=Jacob Viner}}

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{{s-bef|before=Alvin Hansen}}

{{s-ttl|title=President of the American Economic Association|years=1939}}

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{{s-ttl|title=Francis A. Walker Medal|years=1962}}

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{{Chicago school economists}}

{{Presidents of the American Economic Association}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Viner, Jacob}}

Category:1892 births

Category:1970 deaths

Category:Canadian people of Romanian-Jewish descent

Category:Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni

Category:University of Chicago faculty

Category:Stanford University faculty

Category:Yale University faculty

Category:Princeton University faculty

Category:Academic staff of the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies

Category:20th-century Canadian economists

Category:Jewish Canadian writers

Category:Trade economists

Category:Historians of economic thought

Category:Writers from Montreal

Category:Academics from Montreal

Category:Presidents of the American Economic Association

Category:20th-century American economists

Category:Corresponding fellows of the British Academy

Category:Chicago School economists

Category:Journal of Political Economy editors

Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society