Jacques Hamel
{{Short description|French Catholic Priest murdered during the 26 July 2016 Normandy church attack in France}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
|type = Priest
|honorific-prefix = Servant of God
|name = Jacques Hamel
|image = Père Jacques Hamel.jpg
|alt = Jacques Hamel at Saint-Étienne Church
|church = Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray
|archdiocese = Archdiocese of Rouen
|ordination = 30 June 1958{{r|Rouen Catholique}}
|ordained_by = Joseph-Marie Martin
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1930|11|30|df=yes}}
|birth_place = Darnétal, Seine-Maritime, France
|death_date = {{death date and age|2016|7|26|1930|11|30|df=yes}}
|death_place = {{nowrap|Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray, France}}
|buried = Basilica of Notre-Dame de Bonsecours{{r|Malzac (2016)}}
|nationality = French
|religion = Roman Catholicism
|resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|49.4215304|1.1229655|display=inline,title}}
|venerated =
|saint_title =
}}
Jacques Hamel ({{IPA|fr|ʒak amɛl}}; 30 November 1930 – 26 July 2016) was a French Catholic priest who served in Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray. On 26 July 2016, Hamel was murdered during the 2016 Normandy church attack by two Muslim men pledging allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant while Hamel celebrated Mass in his church.{{r|San Martin (2016)}}
The circumstances of his death have led him to be called a martyr by Christians,{{r|Pour Mgr Lebrun|Fr Hamel Was Martyred}} including Pope Francis,{{r|San Martin (2016)}} non-Christians,{{r|One Person Detained|Muslim Leaders}} and the press.{{r|Lenesley (2016)}} Calls to declare him a saint started soon after his death. The canonization cause was officially opened at diocesan level in April 2017,{{r|Ouverture|Mora (2017)}} after Pope Francis had waived the otherwise mandatory five-year waiting period for the opening of such causes.{{r|process}}
Early life
Hamel was born on 30 November 1930 in Darnétal, France.{{r|Rouen Catholique|De Coustin & Théobald (2016)|Henley (2016)}} At the age of six he became a choirboy in St. Paul's Church in Rouen and at 14 he entered the minor seminary. He served in the military for 18 months in Algeria. He did not wish to be an officer as he did not want to issue orders to other men to kill.
Ministry
Hamel was ordained as a priest on 30 June 1958.{{r|De Coustin & Théobald (2016)|Press Release}} He served as an assistant priest at the St. Antoine church in Le Petit-Quevilly from 1958, an assistant priest at the Notre-Dame de Lourdes church in Sotteville-lès-Rouen from 1967, a parish priest in Saint-Pierre-lès-Elbeuf from 1975, and a parish priest in Cléon from 1988. He joined the church in Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray in 2000.{{r|nytimesabelovednossiter}} He officially retired in 2005 at the age of 75, but continued serving as the parish's assistant priest.{{r|Henley (2016)}}{{r|nytimesabelovednossiter}}
With local imam Mohammed Karabila, the president of Normandy's regional council of Muslims, Hamel worked since early 2015 on an interfaith committee.{{r|De Coustin & Théobald (2016)|Tributes Paid to Priest}} After Hamel's death, Karabila described him as his friend with whom he had discussed religion and also as someone who gave his life for others.{{r|El imán Mohammed}}
Death and legacy
{{main|2016 Normandy church attack}}
Hamel died when his throat was slit by two Muslim men, Adel Kermiche and Abdel Malik Petitjean, both aged nineteen, who both pledged allegiance to the Islamic State.{{r|Mortimer & Osborner (2016)|French Priest Killer|France Church Attack|Willsher (2016)}} The attack occurred while Hamel was saying Mass in his parish in Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray on 26 July 2016.{{r|Chazan (2016)|Willsher & Borger (2016)}} Hamel was taken hostage along with three nuns and two parishioners and said "Satan, go!" during the struggle.{{r|San Martin (2016)}}
=Commemorations and funeral=
A Mass was held in his memory at Notre Dame de Paris on 27 July 2016.{{r|Hollande Attends|Wolf-Mandroux (2016)}} It was celebrated by the archbishop of Paris, André Vingt-Trois,{{r|Wolf-Mandroux (2016)}} and attended by president François Hollande, prime minister Manuel Valls and ministers Jean-Marc Ayrault, Bernard Cazeneuve, Emmanuel Macron and Najat Vallaud-Belkacem, as well as former presidents Nicolas Sarkozy and Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, the Archbishop of Rouen, Dominique Lebrun, and the Apostolic Nuncio to France, Luigi Ventura.{{r|Hollande Attends|Wolf-Mandroux (2016)}}
File:Tombe de Jacques Hamel.jpg cemetery]]
The Funeral Mass was held at Rouen Cathedral on 2 August 2016, drawing a crowd of thousands which included senior clerics, the French interior minister Bernard Cazeneuve and former prime minister Laurent Fabius.{{r|French Priest Funeral|Thousands Attand Funeral}} Pope Francis instructed Lebrun to place images of Hamel in all the local churches.{{r|San Martin (2016)}}
In August 2016, the Italian arm of Aid to the Church in Need announced it would cover the cost of training 1,000 new priests in countries like Nigeria, Cuba, Zambia, the Democratic Republic of Congo and India in response to Hamel's murder.{{r|Catholic Charity to Support}} On August 27 of that same year, Br. Alexis Bugnolo and A. J. Baalman founded Ordo Miitaris Inc., to defend persecuted Christians in memory of Father Jacques Hamel.{{Cite web |title=Ordo Militaris Inc.: About |url=https://www.ordo-militaris.us/about |access-date=July 16, 2022 |website=Ordo Militaris Inc. |archive-date=16 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716060223/https://www.ordo-militaris.us/about |url-status=dead }}
His legacy was also celebrated by French singer-songwriter Vianney Bureau in his song "L'homme et l'âme" which was dedicated to Père Hamel as well as victims of terror attacks throughout France.{{r|Vianney}}
=Canonization cause=
On the same day of the murder, public figures like the President of Lombardy, Roberto Maroni, called on Pope Francis to "immediately proclaim him St Jacques".{{r|One Person Detained}} The hashtag #santosubito ("saint now") trended on Twitter.{{r|Henley (2016)}}
Hamel was called a martyr by some international press shortly after his death.{{r|San Martin (2016)|Condon (2016)|Drake (2016)|Lenesley (2016)}} On 13 August, La Croix reported that archbishop Dominique Lebrun of Rouen said he thought Hamel was a martyr, but the decision to declare him so was the pope's.{{r|Pour Mgr Lebrun}} He added that "formally, it is the bishop of the person's place of death to initiate the procedure."{{r|French Archbishop to Reportedly}} Anthony Fisher, the archbishop of Sydney, suggested he died in odium fidei ("in hatred of the faith"), adding, "This is a term Catholics use to describe the characteristic death of a martyr, as one who dies for his or her faith, and because of that faith."{{r|Fr Hamel Was Martyred}}
File:MessedemémoirePèreHamel-PapeFrançois.jpg
On 14 September 2016, Pope Francis referred to Hamel as "blessed", a title used prior to canonization.{{r|San Martin (2016)|O'Connell (2016)}} "This man accepted his martyrdom next to the martyrdom of Christ, on the altar," Pope Francis said on 14 September during a homily at a Mass held for Hamel's soul at the Vatican.{{r|San Martin (2016)}} "He is a martyr and martyrs are beatified," the pope continued.{{r|San Martin (2016)}}. Two weeks later Archbishop Lebrun announced in a homily that the Pope had formally waived the five-year waiting period needed before the start of a canonization process, and that he had decided to prepare it without delay.
During Chrism Mass (on Holy Thursday, 13 April 2017), Archbishop Lebrun publicly announced the opening of the canonization cause, with all of Rouen's clergy gathered.{{r|Cause of Fr Jacques|Vaillant (2017)}} Archbishop Lebrun also said the Pope himself allowed a photo of Hamel to be put in a church, and called him blessed. Paul Vigouroux, vice-chancellor of the diocese of Rouen, has been appointed postulator of the Cause, in charge of the local investigation. The Archdiocese of Rouen distributed a prayer to request Hamel's intercession. The prayer makes reference to the circumstances of his murder, including his unmasking of Satan, the divisor and his death in the habits of prayer.{{r|Ouverture|Mora (2017)}}
Archbishop Lebrun announced on 1 February 2019 that the diocesan inquiry for the beatification process would be solemnly closed on 9 March 2019.
See also
References
{{Reflist|1=30em|refs=
{{cite news |author= |title=Catholic Charity to Support Seminarians Across the World After Murder of Fr Hamel |url=http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2016/08/11/catholic-charity-to-support-seminarians-across-the-world-after-murder-of-fr-hamel/ |access-date=12 August 2016 |work=The Catholic Herald |date=11 August 2016}}
{{cite news |title=Cause of Fr Jacques Hamel is officially opened|url=http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2017/04/13/french-diocese-opens-cause-of-fr-jacques-hamel/ |access-date=17 April 2017 |work=The Catholic Herald |date=13 April 2017}}
{{cite news |last1=Chazan |first1=David |title=Isil Knifemen 'Shouted Daesh and Slit Priest's Throat' in Normandy After Taking Nuns Hostage in Church |date=26 July 2016 |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/07/26/two-men-with-knifes-take-hostages-in-normandy-church/ |access-date=26 July 2016}}
{{cite news |last=Condon |first=Ed |title=There Can Be No Doubt That Fr Jacques Hamel Died a Martyr's Death |date=27 July 2016 |work=The Catholic Herald |url=http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/commentandblogs/2016/07/27/there-can-be-no-doubt-that-fr-jacques-hamel-died-a-martyrs-death/ |access-date=27 July 2016 |quote="Jacques Hamel died a martyr's death. Of this there can be no question."}}
{{cite news |last1=de Coustin |first1=Paul |last2=Théobald |first2=Marie |title=Qui était le père Jacques Hamel égorgé dans son église près de Rouen? |trans-title=Who Was This Father Jacques Hamel Who Was Murdered in His Church Near Rouen? |language=French |date=26 July 2016 |work=Le Figaro |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2016/07/26/01016-20160726ARTFIG00151-qui-etait-le-pere-jacques-hamel-egorge-dans-son-eglise-pres-de-rouen.php |access-date=27 July 2016}}
{{cite news |author= |title=Fr Hamel Was Martyred 'In Odium Fidei', Says Archbishop Fisher |work=The Catholic Herald |date=27 July 2016 |url=http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2016/07/27/fr-hamel-was-martyred-in-odium-fidei-says-archbishop-fisher/ |access-date=28 July 2016}}
{{cite news|title=France Church Attack: Killers 'Pledged Allegiance to IS' in Video |date=27 July 2016 |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36910327 |access-date=27 July 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160727184307/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36910327 |archive-date=27 July 2016 |url-status=live}}
{{cite news |author= |title=French Archbishop to Reportedly Fast Track Cause of Martyred Priest |date=15 August 2016 |work=The Catholic Herald |url=http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2016/08/15/french-archbishop-to-reportedly-fast-track-cause-of-martyred-priest/ |access-date=16 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815191732/http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2016/08/15/french-archbishop-to-reportedly-fast-track-cause-of-martyred-priest/ |archive-date=15 August 2016 |url-status=live}}
{{cite news |author= |title=French Priest Funeral: Jacques Hamel Mourned in Rouen |date=2 August 2016 |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36950521 |access-date=3 August 2016}}
{{cite news |author= |title=French 'Priest Killer' on Probation |work=BBC News |date=26 July 2016 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36900233 |access-date=26 July 2016}}
{{cite news|last=Henley |first=Jon |title=Father Jacques Hamel: 'A good priest … who did his job to the very end' |work=The Guardian |date=26 July 2016 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/26/father-jacques-hamel-normandy-france-a-good-priest-who-did-his-job-to-the-very-end |access-date=28 July 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160726181531/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/26/father-jacques-hamel-normandy-france-a-good-priest-who-did-his-job-to-the-very-end |archive-date=26 July 2016 |url-status=live}}
{{cite news |author= |title=Hollande Attends Notre Dame Mass for Fr Jacques Hamel |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-36909517 |access-date=28 July 2016 |work=BBC News |date=27 July 2016}}
{{cite news |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/religions/article/2016/08/07/le-pere-jacques-hamel-un-homme-bon-mais-qui-ne-transige-pas_4979475_1653130.html |title =Le père Jacques Hamel, 'un homme bon mais qui ne transigeait pas' |newspaper =Le Monde |first1 = Cécile | last1 = Bouanchaud |first2 = Romain | last2 = Geoffroy |date = 7 August 2016 | language = French}}
{{cite news |last=Lenesley |first=Eloïse |title=Jacques Hamel, martyr du fanatisme et des lâchetés politiques |trans-title=Jacques Hamel, Martyred by Fanaticism and Political Cowardice |language=French |date=26 July 2016 |work=Le Figaro |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/vox/politique/2016/07/26/31001-20160726ARTFIG00261-jacques-hamel-martyr-du-fanatisme-et-des-lachetes-politiques.php |access-date=28 July 2016}}
{{cite news |last=Malzac |first=Marie |title=Le 15 août, les Rouennais ont prié sur la tombe du P. Hamel |trans-title=On 15 August, the Rouennais Prayed at Fr. Hamel's Tomb |language=French |date=16 August 2016 |work=La Croix |url=http://www.la-croix.com/Religion/France/Le-15-aout-les-Rouennais-ont-prie-sur-la-tombe-du-P-Hamel-2016-08-16-1200782518?id_folder=1200778322&position=2 |access-date=19 August 2016}}
{{cite news|last1=Mortimer |first1=Caroline |last2=Osborne |first2=Samuel |title=France Church Attack: Normandy Attacker Identified by Authorities As 18-Year-Old Adel Kermiche |date=27 July 2016 |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/normandy-church-attack-adel-kermich-isis-france-saint-etienne-du-rouvray-jacques-hamel-a7157316.html |access-date=27 July 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160727022031/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/normandy-church-attack-adel-kermich-isis-france-saint-etienne-du-rouvray-jacques-hamel-a7157316.html |archive-date=27 July 2016 |url-status=live}}
{{cite news|last1=Nossiter |first1=Adam |last2=Olivennes |first2=Hannah |title=Jacques Hamel, 85, a Beloved French Priest, Killed in His Church |date=26 July 2016 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/27/world/europe/jacques-hamel-85-a-beloved-french-priest-killed-in-his-church.html |access-date=27 July 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160727073714/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/27/world/europe/jacques-hamel-85-a-beloved-french-priest-killed-in-his-church.html?_r=0 |archive-date=27 July 2016 |url-status=live}}
{{cite magazine |last1=O'Connell |first1=Gerard |title=Pope Francis Declares Assassinated French Priest a Martyr |date=14 September 2016 |magazine=America |url=http://americamagazine.org/content/dispatches/pope-francis-declares-assassinated-french-priest-martyr |access-date=15 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915045125/http://americamagazine.org/content/dispatches/pope-francis-declares-assassinated-french-priest-martyr |archive-date=15 September 2016 |url-status=live|quote='To kill in the name of God is satanic,' Pope Francis said as he celebrated Mass in the Vatican this morning for Father Jacques Hamel, who was assassinated in his church in France on July 26 and whom today he hailed as 'a martyr' and declared him 'blessed.'}}
{{cite news|title=One Person Detained in Normandy Church Attack Investigation |date=26 July 2016 |work=The Catholic Herald |url=http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2016/07/26/one-person-detained-in-normandy-church-attack-investigation/ |access-date=27 July 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160728093225/http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2016/07/26/one-person-detained-in-normandy-church-attack-investigation/ |archive-date=28 July 2016 |url-status=live}}
{{cite news |title=Pour Mgr Lebrun, le P. Jacques Hamel 'est un martyr' |trans-title=For Bishop Lebrun, Father Jacques Hamel 'Is a Martyr' |language=French |date=13 August 2016 |work=La Croix |url=http://www.la-croix.com/France/Pour-Mgr-Lebrun-le-P-Jacques-Hamel-est-un-martyr-2016-08-13-1200782051 |access-date=16 August 2016}}
{{cite news |author= |agency=Associated Press |title=Thousands Attend Funeral of Father Jacques Hamel |date=2 August 2016 |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2016/aug/02/thousands-attend-funeral-of-father-jacques-hamel-video |access-date=12 August 2016}}
{{cite news|title=Father Jacques Hamel: Tributes Paid to Priest Who Dedicated Life to Church |date=26 July 2016 |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36898130 |access-date=27 July 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160727114452/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36898130 |archive-date=27 July 2016 |url-status=live}}
{{cite news |author=Gauthier Vaillant |title=Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray : le procès en béatification du Père Hamel officiellement ouvert |date=13 April 2017|access-date=17 April 2017 |url=http://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Catholicisme/France/Saint-Etienne-Rouvray-proces-beatification-Pere-Hamel-officiellement-ouvert-2017-04-13-1200839327 |work=La Croix}}
{{cite book| author1= Jan De Volder |author2=Andrea Riccardi |author2-link=Andrea Riccardi |title = Martyr. Vie et mort du père Jacques Hamel | edition = Éditions du Cerf | year = 2016 |publisher=Editions du Cerf | isbn = 978-2-204-11725-8 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=pe4WDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT26 |language = French}}
{{cite news|last1=Willsher |first1=Kim |last2=Borger |first2=Julian |author-link2=Julian Borger |title=Isis Attackers Forced French Priest to Kneel Before He Was Murdered, Hostage Says |date=26 July 2016 |work=The Guardian |department=France |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/26/men-hostages-french-church-police-normandy-saint-etienne-du-rouvray |access-date=26 July 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160726115621/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/26/men-hostages-french-church-police-normandy-saint-etienne-du-rouvray |archive-date=26 July 2016 |url-status=live}}
{{cite news|last=Willsher |first=Kim |title=Teenagers Who Killed French Priest Made Film Declaring Allegiance to Isis |work=The Guardian |department=France |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/27/french-authorities-under-pressure-to-explain-release-of-priests-killer |access-date=28 July 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160727204523/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/27/french-authorities-under-pressure-to-explain-release-of-priests-killer |archive-date=27 July 2016 |url-status=live}}
{{cite news|last=Wolf-Mandroux |first=Pierre |title=L'hommage au P. Hamel réunit politiques et religieux à Notre-Dame de Paris |trans-title=The Tribute to P. Hamel Brings Together Political and Religious at Our Lady of Paris |language=French |date=27 July 2016 |work=La Croix |url=http://www.la-croix.com/Religion/France/L-hommage-au-P-Hamel-reunit-politiques-et-religieux-a-Notre-Dame-de-Paris-2016-07-27-1200778705 |access-date=28 July 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160914164206/http://www.la-croix.com/Religion/France/L-hommage-au-P-Hamel-reunit-politiques-et-religieux-a-Notre-Dame-de-Paris-2016-07-27-1200778705 |archive-date=14 September 2016 |url-status=live}}
{{cite news|title=Padre Jacques Hamel: sabato 9 marzo sessione di chiusura processo beatificazione. L'annuncio dell'arcivescovo di Rouen|date=1 February 2019|agency=Zenit News Agency|accessdate=14 February 2019|url=https://agensir.it/quotidiano/2019/2/1/padre-jacques-hamel-sabato-9-marzo-sessione-di-chiusura-processo-beatificazione-lannuncio-dellarcivescovo-di-rouen/}}
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Category:20th-century French Roman Catholic priests
Category:21st-century Roman Catholic martyrs
Category:21st-century French Roman Catholic priests
Category:Deaths by edged and bladed weapons
Category:French murder victims
Category:French Servants of God
Category:French terrorism victims
Category:Martyred Roman Catholic priests
Category:People killed by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Category:People murdered in France