Jain communities

{{Main|Sangha (Jainism)}}

Jainism has a fourfold order of muni (male monastics), aryika (female monastics), Śrāvaka (layman) and sravika (laywoman). This order is known as a sangha.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}}. Many Jains are in general caste.

The Jain have the highest literacy rate in India, 94.1.% compared with the national average of 65.38%. They have the highest female literacy rate, 90.6.% compared with the national average of 54.16%.{{citation |title=Jains steal the show with 7 Padmas |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Jains-steal-the-show-with-7-Padmas/articleshow/46856659.cms |work=The Times of India |date=9 April 2015 }}{{citation |title=Literacy race: Jains take the honours |date=7 September 2004 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Literacy-race-Jains-take-the-honours/articleshow/842893.cms |work=The Times of India }}

As per national survey NFHS-4 conducted in 2018 Jains were declared wealthiest of any community with 70% of their population living in top quintiles of wealth.{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/delhi-and-punjab-richest-states-jain-wealthiest-community-national-survey/story-sakdd3MBOfKhU2p5LrNVUM.html|title = Delhi and Punjab richest states, Jain wealthiest community: National survey|date = 13 January 2018}}

The sex ratio in the 0-6 age group is the second lowest for Jain (870 females per 1,000 males).

Jains are found in almost every part of India. There are about 100 different Jain communities in India. They can be divided into five groups based on historical and current residence:

• Jainism in Bundelkhand
• Jainism in Madhya Pradesh

• Jainism in Gujarat (Gujarati Jain)
• Jainism in Maharashtra (Marathi Jain)
• Jainism in Mumbai

• Jainism in Delhi
• Jainism in Uttar Pradesh
• Jainism in Rajasthan (Marwari Jain)

• Jainism in Karnataka
• Jainism in Kerala
• Jainism in North Karnataka
• Jainism in Tamil Nadu (Tamil Jain)

• Jainism in Bengal
• Jainism in Nagaland

Virchand Gandhi made a presentation of Jainism at the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago in 1893, marking one of the earliest appearances of Jainism outside India.{{sfn|J. Gordon Melton|Martin Baumann|2010|p=1555}} The World Jain Congress was held in Leicester in 1988.{{sfn|Dundas|2002|p=246}}

• Jainism in Europe
• Jainism in Canada
• Jainism in the United States
• Jainism in Southeast Asia
• Jainism in East Africa - One of the oldest Jain overseas diaspora. Their number was estimated at 45,000 at the independence of the East African countries in the early 1960s.{{citation |last1=Gregory|first1=Robert G.|title=Quest for equality: Asian politics in East Africa, 1900-1967|date=1993|publisher=Orient Longman Limited|location=New Delhi|isbn=0-863-11-208-0|page=26|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vl8tMabf5KUC&pg=PA1 |language=en}} Most members of the diaspora belonged to Gujarati speaking Halari Visa Oshwal Jain community originally from the Jamnagar area of Saurashtra.{{cite journal|last1=Mehta|first1=Makrand|title=Gujarati Business Communities in East African Diaspora: Major Historical Trends|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|date=2001|volume=36|issue=20|pages=1738–1747|jstor=4410637}}
• Jainism in West Africa

The Jain population in India according to 2011 census is 0.54% i.e. 4,451,753 (Males 2,278,097; Females 2,173,656) out of the total population of India 1,210,854,977 (males 623,270,258; females 587,584,719).{{citation|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html|title=C-1 Population By Religious Community|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|last=Office of registrar general and census commissioner|date=2011}} The tabular representation of Jain population in the major states of India as per 2011 Census data released by the government is:

The Jain population in United States is estimated to be about 150,000 to 200,000.{{citation|last=Lee|first=Jonathan H. X.|title=Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife|date=21 December 2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-35066-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofas00leej/page/487 487–488]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofas00leej/page/487|language=en}}{{citation|last=Wiley|first=Kristi L.|title=Historical dictionary of Jainism|year=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-5051-4|page=19|language=en}}

In Japan, there are more than 5,000 families who have converted to Jainism and the religion is growing there.{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/thousands-of-japanese-making-a-smooth-transition-from-zen-to-jain/articleshow/74262195.cms|title=Thousands of Japanese making a smooth transition from Zen to Jain|date=23 February 2020|website=Hindustan Times}}

• Legal status of Jainism as a distinct religion in India
• List of Jains
• Sarak

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• [https://web.archive.org/web/20160215054641/http://hukonchu.com/ Hukonchu.com] - resource for Jain literature and religious information
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20171111204617/http://www.jainsamaj.org/rpg_site/literature2.php?id=451&cat=42 "Jainism in America"] by Yashwant K. Malaiya
• [http://jjctoronto.blogspot.com/ Jain Jagruti Centre, Toronto]
• [https://www.vidhyavihaar.com/ Jain Temple at Palitana, Gujarat] - Vidhya Vihaar

{{Jainism topics}}

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Category:Social groups of Gujarat

Category:Social groups of West Bengal

Category:Social groups of Rajasthan

Category:Social groups of Kerala

Category:Social groups of Karnataka

Category:Social groups of Maharashtra

Category:Social groups of Delhi

Category:Social groups of Tamil Nadu