James Campbell Clouston
{{short description|Royal Navy officer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = James Campbell Clouston
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1900|8|31|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1940|6|3|1900|8|31|df=y}}
| birth_place = Montreal, Quebec
| death_place = English Channel
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial = Becklingen War Cemetery, Lower Saxony, Germany
| placeofburial_coordinates =
| nickname =
| allegiance = {{UK}}
| branch = 25px Royal Navy
| serviceyears = 1923–1940
| rank = Commander
| unit =
| commands = {{HMS|Isis|D87|6}}
| battles = World War II
| awards =
| relations =
| laterwork =
}}
James Campbell Clouston (31 August 1900 – 3 June 1940) was a Canadian officer in the British Royal Navy, who acted as pier-master during the Dunkirk evacuation. While returning to Dunkirk, France, his motor launch was sunk by enemy aircraft and he perished awaiting rescue.
Early life and military service
Clouston was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the son of William Stewart Clouston and Evelyn Campbell. Edward Clouston, a prominent banker, was his uncle.{{cite web |url=https://www.selwyn.ca/page/news-detail?pk=1118305 |title=Dunkirk hero was Selwyn House Old Boy |date=28 August 2017 |work=Selwyn House School |access-date=25 April 2020}} He studied at Selwyn House School, Lower Canada College and McGill University.{{cite web |url=http://mcgillremembers.mcgill.ca/ww2/lists/blakeney2.htm |title=Roll of Honour: Blakeney to Clouston |work=McGill Remembers |publisher=McGill University |year=2016 |access-date=4 September 2017}}{{cite news |url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/inspiration-for-summer-blockbuster-dunkirk-an-unsung-montreal-hero |title=Inspiration for summer blockbuster Dunkirk an unsung Montreal hero |first=René |last=Bruemmer |newspaper=Montreal Gazette |date=2 August 2017 |access-date=2 August 2017}} After training at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, he was commissioned as a sub-lieutenant on 15 August 1923, with seniority from 15 May 1921.{{London Gazette |date=21 August 1923 |issue=32855 |page=5699}} He first served aboard the destroyer leader {{HMS|Montrose|D01|2}} in the Mediterranean, receiving promotion to lieutenant on 11 March 1924, with seniority from 15 June 1922.{{London Gazette |date=14 March 1924 |issue=32918 |page=2231 |nolink=yes}} He trained at {{HMS|Excellent|shore establishment|6}}, the Naval Gunnery School at Portsmouth, in mid-1927. Clouston had been an ice hockey player, and when stationed at Portsmouth, had organized the staff into a hockey team.{{cite web | url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/james-campbell-clouston | title=James Campbell Clouston }} He then served as Gunnery Officer in the light cruisers {{HMS|Capetown|D88|2}} on the America and West Indies Station, and {{HMS|Delhi|D47|2}} at Portsmouth, being promoted to lieutenant commander on 18 June 1930.{{London Gazette |date=20 June 1930 |issue=33617 |page=3878 |nolink=yes}} Promoted to commander on 31 December 1934,{{London Gazette |date=1 January 1935 |issue=34120 |page=59 |nolink=yes}} Clouston served as a gunnery instructor at Excellent throughout the mid-1930s before being appointed to command the destroyer {{HMS|Isis|D87|2}} on 29 May 1937.{{cite web |url=http://www.unithistories.com/officers/RN_officersC2.html |title=Royal Navy (RN) Officers 1939-1945 (Clar–Colv) |first1=Hans |last1=Houterman |first2=Jeroen |last2=Koppes |work=WWII Unit Histories & Officers |access-date=22 December 2010}}
Personal life
Clouston married Gwyneth Lilian Vanderpump (1906–2002) on 28 September 1935; they had two sons.
His two younger brothers were also naval officers. Commander William Stratford Clouston (1908–1974), commanded the Royal Navy destroyer {{HMS|Scorpion|G72|2}} during the engagement with {{Ship|German battleship|Scharnhorst||2}} in December 1943.{{cite web
|url=http://www.clouston.co.uk/p718.htm
|title=Cdr. William Stratford Clouston, RN
|work=Clouston.co.uk
|access-date=22 December 2010
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120316114703/http://www.clouston.co.uk/p718.htm
|archive-date=16 March 2012
|url-status=dead
}} Lieutenant John Douglas Clouston (1909–1942) served in the Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve aboard {{HMS|Loosestrife||2}} in the North Atlantic, and was killed in action.{{Cite web
|url=http://www.clouston.co.uk/p719.htm
|title=Lt. John Douglas Clouston, RCNVR
|work=Clouston.co.uk
|access-date=22 December 2010
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120316114707/http://www.clouston.co.uk/p719.htm
|archive-date=16 March 2012
|url-status=dead
}}
Dunkirk
In May 1940 while Isis was in dock for repairs, Clouston was attached to the Naval Shore Party of eight officers and 160 men under the command of Captain William Tennant sent to the port of Dunkirk to help organise the evacuation. The Naval Shore Party embarked on the destroyer {{HMS|Wolfhound|L56|2}} at Dover and sailed on 27 May. Three officers cut cards for their assignments. Clouston won the eastern mole, a narrow wooden walkway mounted on a concrete breakwater, not designed to be used by ships, but the only part of the port that had not been heavily bombed by the Luftwaffe. For the next five days, Clouston organised and regulated the flow of men along the mole into the waiting ships. Megaphone in hand, he shouted instructions, matching the flow of men to the flow of ships. Tennant estimated on May 28, that Clouston was getting men off at a rate of 2,000 an hour. When panicked soldiers began attempting to leave the pier, Clouston, a junior officer alongside him, promptly restored order by waving a revolver in the air, stating, "We have come to take you back to the UK. I have six shots here and I am not a bad shot. The lieutenant behind me is an even better one. So that makes 12 of you. Now get down into those bloody ships!"{{cite book |title=The Miracle of Dunkirk |last=Lord |first=Walter |author-link=Walter Lord |year=1984 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=London |isbn=0-14-005085-X}}
On 1 June, Clouston returned to Dover to report to Vice-Admiral Bertram Ramsay. On the afternoon of 2 June, he and a party of 30 men left Dover on two Royal Air Force rescue motorboats for the final night of the evacuation. Off the coast of France, the two boats were strafed and bombed by eight Ju 87 Stukas, and Clouston's boat was sunk, leaving him and his crew clinging to wreckage. When the other boat attempted to pick up survivors, Clouston ordered the other boat to continue to Dunkirk, and refused to be picked up and wanted to remain with his men. A French liaison officer reported an empty lifeboat floating a mile away and Sub-Lieutenant Solomon asked permission to swim over and try to bring it back. Clouston approved and decided to come along. Despite being a good swimmer, Clouston was exhausted, and swam back to the others clinging to the wreck. Clouston's men sang and discussed old times, while Clouston tried to encourage them with white lies about the nearness of rescue, before he and his men eventually succumbed to exhaustion and hypothermia. Only one man, Aircraftsman Carmaham survived. Solomon had reached the empty lifeboat but was unable to get back to the others. On 11 July 1940, Clouston posthumously received a Mention in Despatches for his part in the Dunkirk operation.{{London Gazette |date=9 July 1940 |supp=y |issue=34893 |page=4259 |nolink=yes}} Clouston is buried in Becklingen War Cemetery, Lower Saxony, Germany.{{cite web |url=http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2107353/CLOUSTON,%20JAMES%20CAMPBELL |title=Casualty Details: Clouston, James Campbell |work=Commonwealth War Graves Commission |access-date=2 August 2017}}
Clouston was portrayed by William Hope in the 2004 BBC series Dunkirk.{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0400391/ |title=Dunkirk (2004) |website=IMDb |access-date=14 February 2018}} Clouston's actions inspired the character of "Commander Bolton" in Christopher Nolan's 2017 film, Dunkirk.{{cite web |url=http://publications.mcgill.ca/reporter/2017/08/unsung-hero-of-dunkirk-evacuation-a-mcgill-student |title=Unsung hero of Dunkirk evacuation a former McGill student |date=7 August 2017 |website=McGill Reporter |publisher=McGill University |access-date=4 September 2017 |archive-date=4 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904152103/http://publications.mcgill.ca/reporter/2017/08/unsung-hero-of-dunkirk-evacuation-a-mcgill-student/ |url-status=dead }} Clouston's family drew criticism due to the lack of an actual depiction, with Nolan stating that he could not do Clouston's story justice. Due to the attention drawn to Clouston by the film, Parks Canada installed a plaque in Montreal honouring him for his role in the evacuation at Dunkirk.{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/09/21/this-war-hero-was-forgotten-in-canada-and-portrayed-as-a-brit-in-dunkirk-now-hes-finally-getting-his-due/ |title=This war hero was forgotten in Canada and portrayed as a Brit in 'Dunkirk.' Now he's finally getting his due |newspaper=The Washington Post|date=21 September 2017}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{Find a Grave|18485432|James Campbell Clouston}}
- {{cite news |url=http://www.aboutorkney.com/jclouston00.html |title=Commander James Campbell Clouston |newspaper=The Orcadian |date=June 2010 |via=About Orkney |access-date=4 September 2017 |archive-date=9 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609002505/http://www.aboutorkney.com/jclouston00.html |url-status=dead }}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Clouston, James Campbell}}
Category:Royal Navy officers of World War II
Category:Canadian people of Scottish descent
Category:Royal Navy personnel killed in World War II
Category:Military personnel from Montreal
Category:Anglophone Quebec people
Category:McGill University alumni
Category:Burials at Becklingen War Cemetery