James Cross

{{infobox person

|birth_name = James Richard Cross

|birth_date = {{birth date|1921|9|29|df=yes}}

|birth_place = Nenagh, County Tipperary, Ireland

|death_date = {{death date and age|2021|1|6|1921|9|29|df=yes}}

|death_place = Seaford, England

|nationality = British

|occupation = Diplomat

|known = Kidnapped during October Crisis in Canada

}}

James Richard Cross {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CMG}} (29 September 1921 – 6 January 2021) was an Irish-born British diplomat who served in India, Malaysia and Canada. While posted in Canada, Cross was kidnapped by members of the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) during the October Crisis of October 1970.{{cite web|title=The October Crisis|url=http://www.histori.ca/peace/page.do?pageID=342|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613234211/http://www.histori.ca/peace/page.do?pageID=342|archive-date=13 June 2018|access-date=5 October 2010|publisher=Historica}} He was ultimately released almost two months later, and subsequently returned to the United Kingdom.

Early life and career

Cross was born in Nenagh in County Tipperary, Ireland, on 29 September 1921.{{cite news|title=Kidnapped British Official|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/10/07/archives/kidnapped-british-official-james-richard-cross.html|date=7 October 1970|access-date=20 January 2021|newspaper=The New York Times}}{{cite magazine|last=North|first=David|date=21 October 1985|title=James Cross remembers|url=https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1985/10/21/james-cross-remembers|magazine=Maclean's|location=Toronto|access-date=20 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503115524/https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1985/10/21/james-cross-remembers|archive-date=3 May 2019}} His mother died during her labour with him. His older sibling had intellectual disabilities and was consequently institutionalised.{{cite news|title=James Cross, British diplomat kidnapped by Quebec separatists, dies at 99 of covid-19|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/james-cross-dead/2021/01/21/eb550952-5bed-11eb-b8bd-ee36b1cd18bf_story.html|first=Emily|last=Langer|date=21 January 2021|access-date=22 January 2021|newspaper=The Washington Post}} Cross was raised on the family farm, which was a hundred acres in size, before moving in with relatives. He was nicknamed "Jasper" by his family and friends. Cross studied economics and political science at Trinity College Dublin, where he graduated with a first class honours degree in 1944. It was there that he also met his wife, Barbara Dagg, who studied modern languages.

During World War II, Cross served with the British Army and fought for the liberation of France. He was commissioned into the Royal Engineers Movement Control Section in 1944. After the war, Cross joined the diplomatic service and was assigned first to New Delhi in 1953. His first stint in Canada commenced in 1957, when he served in Halifax and Winnipeg for five years. He was consequently assigned to Kuala Lumpur for four years (in then Malaya and after 1963 Malaysia), before going back to London in 1966 to direct the Board of Trade branch in charge of exhibitions and fairs overseas. He returned to Canada in February 1968 as the senior Trade Commissioner in Montreal.

Kidnapping

On 5 October 1970, Cross was abducted at gunpoint from his British diplomatic residence at 1297 Redpath Crescent, in the Golden Square Mile district of Montreal, and held as a hostage for two months as the FLQ made a series of demands to the Quebec government.{{Cite news|date=1970|title=Canadian Kidnappings, Vietnam trials|work=UPI|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/Audio/1970/Canadian-Kidnappings-Vietnam-trials/|access-date=21 January 2021}} During captivity, due to stress and a shortage of food, Cross lost 10 kg (22 lb).{{cite news|title=20 January 2021 Episode Transcript {{!}} CBC Radio|language=en-US|work=CBC|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-wednesday-edition-1.5880410/january-20-2021-episode-transcript-1.5883210|access-date=2021-01-22}} He was released on 3 December after 60 days in captivity. In exchange for his release, his abductors would get safe passage to Cuba. The talks were held at the Canada Pavilion, located on Notre Dame Island, the site of Expo 67. This site was declared Cuban territory for the period of the talks.

Six members of the FLQ's "Liberation Cell" were later convicted of Cross's kidnapping when they returned to Canada during the late 1970s. They received custodial sentences ranging from 12 to 24 months.{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Laurendeau|first1=Marc|last2=McIntosh|first2=Andrew|encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia|title=Front de libération du Québec (FLQ)|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/front-de-liberation-du-quebec|date=11 August 2013|access-date=21 January 2021|publisher=Historica Canada|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112025515/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/front-de-liberation-du-quebec|archive-date=12 November 2020}}

Cross said of his kidnapping:

{{Blockquote

|text=They [the kidnappers] told me about 10:00 o'clock on Wednesday evening that they had, the police knew where I was. Nothing much happened for about the next four hours. Then the power was cut at I think around 2:00 in the morning. I was in bed at the time; they got me up. They handcuffed me, they took me into a corridor in the middle of the house. They handcuffed me to a doorknob and I spent the night. It's a very uncomfortable position.

}}

On the 40th anniversary of the day that sparked the October Crisis in 2010, Cross agreed to speak to CBC Radio's The Current about the events surrounding his kidnapping.[http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/audio-cbc-interviews-flq-kidnapping-victim-1.898412 Audio: CBC interviews FLQ kidnapping victim]. CBC News, 5 October 2010. Retrieved 23 September 2016. There is also a transcript of a taped memoir online, uploaded by Churchill College.{{cite web|url=https://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/media/uploads/files/Cross.pdf|title=James Cross Taped Memoir|access-date=12 December 2015|archive-date=8 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908075556/https://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/media/uploads/files/Cross.pdf|url-status=dead}}

Later life

Cross returned to the United Kingdom after his release and continued working for the civil service. However, he was no longer assigned overseas postings. Although he received a number of offers to sell his story, he did not since he was prohibited by the government from doing so. Cross went on to serve as Under-Secretary in various divisions of Britain's Department of Trade and Industry and Department of Energy.{{cite news|last=Gervais|first=Lisa-Marie|date=2 October 2010|title=James Cross en entrevue au Devoir – "J'ai toujours cru que j'allais mourir" (James Cross interview with Le Devoir – "I was sure the whole time that I was going to die")|newspaper=Le Devoir|url=https://www.ledevoir.com/societe/actualites-en-societe/297384/james-cross-en-entrevue-au-devoir-j-ai-toujours-cru-que-j-allais-mourir}} He was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in January 1971.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7RCNBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA164|title=The Order of Canada: Its Origins, History, and Developments|publisher=University of Toronto Press|date=15 December 2005|last=McCreery|first=Christopher P.|page=164|isbn=9781442658882}}

Cross retired to Seaford, East Sussex. He died at his home there on 6 January 2021. He was 99, and suffered from complications of COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in England in the time leading up to his death.{{cite news|last1=Montpetit|first1=Jonathan|date=20 January 2021|title=James Cross, British diplomat who survived FLQ kidnapping, dead at 99|work=CBC News|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/james-cross-october-crisis-obituary-flq-1.5879766|access-date=20 January 2021}}{{cite news|url = https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/james-cross-british-commissioner-kidnapped-during-october-crisis-has-died-at-99-report-1.5274631|title = James Cross, British commissioner kidnapped during October Crisis, has died at 99: report|work = CTV News|date = 20 January 2021|access-date = 20 January 2021|last = Ross|first = Selena}} Both his wife and their only child (Susan) predeceased him in 2018 and 2015, respectively.

In fiction

Cross is depicted as a character in the novel The Revolution Script by Brian Moore, together with Pierre Laporte. Their names are changed by Moore out of respect for their families.{{cite news|title=Separatist sagas|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/separatist-sagas/article20449024/|first=Sandra|last=Martin|date=29 April 2003|access-date=20 January 2021|newspaper=The Globe and Mail|location=Toronto|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121000154/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/separatist-sagas/article20449024/|archive-date=21 January 2021}} He is also featured in My October by Claire Holden Rothman, and as a character in the 2006 Canadian television series October 1970, played by R.H. Thomson.{{cite news|title=My October by Claire Holden Rothman: Review|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/books/2014/09/27/my_october_by_claire_holden_rothman_review.html|first=Linda|last=Diebel|date=27 September 2014|access-date=20 January 2021|newspaper=Toronto Star}}

References

External links

[https://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0014%2FDOHP%2019 Interview with James Richard Jasper Cross] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111173550/https://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0014%2FDOHP%2019 |date=11 November 2018 }} & [https://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/media/uploads/files/Cross.pdf transcript] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908075556/https://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/media/uploads/files/Cross.pdf |date=8 September 2015 }}, British Diplomatic Oral History Programme, Churchill College, Cambridge, 1996

Category:1921 births

Category:2021 deaths

Category:1970s missing person cases

Category:20th-century British diplomats

Category:British Army personnel of World War II

Category:British expatriates in Canada

Category:British expatriates in India

Category:British expatriates in Malaysia

Category:Canada–United Kingdom relations

Category:Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George

Category:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in England

Category:Formerly missing British people