James Gray (zoologist)

{{Infobox scientist

| name = Sir James Gray

| image =

| image_size = 150px

| caption = James Gray

| birth_date = {{birth date |1891|10|14|df=y}}

| birth_place = Wood Green, London, England

| death_date = {{death date and age |1975|12|14 |1891|10|14|df=y}}

| death_place = Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England

| residence =

| nationality = British

| ethnicity =

| field = Cytology

| work_institutions =

| alma_mater = University of Cambridge

| doctoral_advisor =

| doctoral_students =

| known_for = {{Plainlist|

Cytology{{cite book| author = Gray, James| year = 1931| title = A Text-Book of Experimental Cytology| publisher = Cambridge University Press| location = London| url = https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.211911}}
Animal locomotion
Gray's Paradox}}

| author_abbrev_bot =

| author_abbrev_zoo =

| influences =

| influenced =

| awards = {{unbulleted list

|Military Cross (1918)

|Croix de Guerre avec palme

|FRS (1929)

|CBE (1946)

|Royal Medal (1948)

|Knight Bachelor (1954)}}

| prizes =

| religion =

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}}

Sir James Gray, {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|CBE|MC|FRS}} (14 October 1891, London – 14 December 1975, Cambridge, England) was a British zoologist who helped establish the field of cytology. Gray was also known for his work in animal locomotion and the development of experimental zoology. He is known for Gray's Paradox concerning dolphin locomotion.{{cite journal

| last = Bertram

| first = John E A

| authorlink =

|date=July 2007

| title = How animals move: studies in the mechanics of the tetrapod skeleton

| journal = J. Exp. Biol.

| volume = 210

| issue = Pt 14

| pages = 2401–2402

| pmid = 17601942

| doi = 10.1242/jeb.000687

| doi-access = free

}}{{cite journal

| last = Hardy

| first = Alister

| authorlink = Alister Hardy

| year = 1976 | title = Obituary: Sir James Gray

| journal = Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom

| volume = 56

| issue =

| pages = 523–526

| pmid =

| doi = 10.1017/S0025315400020658

| doi-access = free

}}{{cite journal

| last = Lauder

| first = George V

| authorlink = George V. Lauder (biologist)

|author2=Tytell, Eric D

|date=April 2004

| title = Three Gray classics on the biomechanics of animal movement

| journal = J. Exp. Biol.

| volume = 207

| issue = Pt 10

| pages = 1597–1599

| pmid = 15073191

| doi = 10.1242/jeb.00921

| doi-access = free

}}{{cite journal

|date=January 1976

| title = Obituary: James Charles Gray

| journal = New Zealand Medical Journal

| volume = 83

| issue = 556

| pages = 56

| pmid = 766780

}}

Career and research

Gray was born in London and graduated from King's College, Cambridge, in 1913. After serving in World War I, he returned to King's College in 1919. He was Professor of Zoology, Cambridge University, from 1937 to 1954, and president of the Marine Biological Association from 1945 to 1955.{{Cite ODNB|id= 31167 |title=Gray, Sir James (1891–1975)}} Post-retirement, Gray become president of the Eugenics Society between 1962 and 1965 {{cite web |url= http://www.galtoninstitute.org.uk/history/past-presidents/ |title= Past Presidents of the Galton Institute |author= |website= Galton Institute|access-date= 17 June 2020}}

Awards and honours

Gray delivered the Croonian Lecture of 1939 to the Royal Society and received their Royal Medal in 1948. He gave the 1951 Royal Institution Christmas Lectures (How Animals Move). Gray was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1946 New Year Honours,{{London Gazette |date=28 December 1945 |issue=37407 |pages=1–132}} knighted in the 1954 New Year Honours{{London Gazette |issue=40053 |date=29 December 1953 |pages=1–38|supp=y}} and elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1931.{{cite journal|last1=Lissmann|first1=Hans Werner|authorlink1=Hans Lissmann (zoologist)|title=James Gray. 14 October 1891-14 December 1975|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume=24|year=1978|pages=54–70|issn=0080-4606|doi=10.1098/rsbm.1978.0004|publisher=Royal Society publishing|doi-access=}}