James Sheridan Knowles

{{Infobox writer

| name = James Sheridan Knowles

| image = James Sheridan Knowles by Wilhelm Trautschold.jpg

| caption = James Sheridan Knowles by Wilhelm Trautschold

| birth_date = 12 May 1784

| birth_place = Cork, County Cork, Kingdom of Ireland

| death_date = 30 November 1862

| death_place = Torquay, Devon, United Kingdom

| occupation = Dramatist and actor

| alma_mater =

| movement =

| notableworks =

| spouse = Maria Charteris

| children =

| signature =

| }}

James Sheridan Knowles (12 May 1784 – 30 November 1862) was an Irish dramatist and actor. A relative of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Knowles enjoyed success writing plays for the leading West End theatres. Later in his career he also produced several novels.

Early life

File:Miss Elphinstone (BM 1852,1009.710).jpg (1838).]]

Knowles was born in Cork. His father was the lexicographer James Knowles, cousin of Richard Brinsley Sheridan. The family moved to London in 1793, and at the age of fourteen Knowles published a ballad entitled The Welsh Harper, which, set to music, was very popular. His talents secured him the friendship of William Hazlitt, who introduced him to Charles Lamb and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. He served for some time in the Wiltshire and afterwards in the Tower Hamlets militia, leaving the service to become a pupil of Dr Robert Willan (1757–1812). He obtained the degree of M.D., and was appointed vaccinator to the Jennerian Society.{{EB1911|wstitle=Knowles, James Sheridan |volume=15 |page=877 |inline=1}}

Literary career

Although Dr Willan offered him a share in his practice, Knowles decided to give up medicine for the stage, making his first appearance as an actor probably at Bath, and played Hamlet at Crow Street Theatre, Dublin. At Wexford he married, in October 1809, Maria Charteris, an actress from the Edinburgh Theatre. In 1810 he wrote Leo, a successful play in which Edmund Kean appeared; another play, Brian Boroihme, written for the Belfast Theatre in the next year, attracted crowds; nevertheless, Knowles's earnings were so small that he was obliged to become assistant to his father at the Belfast Academical Institution. In 1817 he moved from Belfast to Glasgow, where, besides keeping a flourishing school, he continued to write for the stage.

His first important success was Caius Gracchus, produced at the Belfast Theatre in 1815; and his Virginius, written for William Charles Macready, was first performed in 1820 at Covent Garden.Howe, P. P. The Life of William Hazlitt. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1922, 1947 (paperback edition 1949), p. 304. In William Tell (1825), Knowles wrote for Macready one of his favourite parts. His best-known play, The Hunchback, was produced at Covent Garden in 1832, and Knowles won praise acting in the work as Master Walter.Stedman, Jane W. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3205899 "General Utility: Victorian Author-Actors from Knowles to Pinero"], Educational Theatre Journal, Vol. 24, No. 3, October 1972, pp. 289–301, The Johns Hopkins University Press The Wife was brought out at the same theatre in 1833; The Daughter better known as The Wrecker's Daughter, in 1836, and The Love Chase in 1837. His 1839 play Love was praised by Mary Shelley for its "inspiring situations founded on sentiment and passion".* Crook, Nora. Mary Shelley's Literary Lives and Other Writings. Taylor & Francis, 2022. p.342 His second wife was the actress Emma Knowles.

Later life

File:The grave of James Sheridan Knowles, Glasgow Necropolis.jpg

In his later years he forsook the stage for the pulpit, and as a Baptist preacher attracted large audiences at Exeter Hall and elsewhere. He published two polemical works: the Rock of Rome and the Idol Demolished by Its Own Priests in both of which he combated the special doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church. Knowles was for some years in the receipt of an annual pension of £200, bestowed by Sir Robert Peel in 1849.{{cite book|title=Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862|year=1863|publisher=D. Appleton & Company|location=New York|page=543|url=https://archive.org/stream/1862appletonsan02newyuoft#page/n550/mode/1up}} In old age he befriended the young Edmund Gosse, whom he introduced to Shakespeare. Knowles makes a happy appearance in Gosse's Father and Son.Edmund Gosse, Father and Son (2004) pp122-123, OUP

He died at Torquay on 30 November 1862. He is buried under a huge tomb at the summit of the Glasgow Necropolis.

Bibliography

A full list of the works of Knowles and of the various notices of him will be found in The Life of James Sheridan Knowles (1872), privately printed by his son, Richard Brinsley Knowles (1820–1882), who was well known as a journalist. It was translated into German.

Works

File:Theatre Royal Jersey 13 July 1822.jpg on 13 July 1822]]

=Plays=

Leo; or, The Gipsy (1810)
Brian Boroihme; or, The Maid of Erin (1811)[http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/james-sheridan-knowles/brian-boroihme-or-the-maid-of-erin--won/1-brian-boroihme-or-the-maid-of-erin--won.shtml Brian Boroihme; or, The Maid of Erin (eBook)]
Caius Gracchus (1815)[https://books.google.com/books?id=fwBEAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Caius+Gracchus%22+%22James+Sheridan+Knowles%22 Caius Gracchus (Google Books)]
Virginius (1820) A Tragedy in Five Acts[https://books.google.com/books?id=W_9DAAAAYAAJ Virginius (Google Books)]
William Tell (1825)[https://archive.org/details/dramaticworks01knowgoog The dramatic works of James Sheridan Knowles Volume 1 (1856)]
The Beggar's Daughter of Bethnal Green (1828)[https://books.google.com/books?id=uRkOAAAAQAAJ&q=%22James+Sheridan+Knowles%22 The Beggar's Daughter of Bethnal Green (Google eBook)]
Alfred the Great; or The Patriot King (1831)
The Hunchback (1832)[https://archive.org/details/hunchbackaplayi00knowgoog The Hunchback (Internet Archive)]
A Masque (in one act and in verse on the death of Sir Walter Scott) (1832)
The Wife; A Tale of Mantua (1833)
The Beggar of Bethnal Green (1834)
The Bridal (1837) (An adaptation of The Maid's Tragedy)[https://books.google.com/books?id=A-Y9MrWxLCMC&q=%22James+Sheridan+Knowles%22 Ludwig Hasberg (1883) James Sheridan Knowles' Leben und dramatische Werke, Lingen, Hanover] (Google eBook) (German)
The Daughter (1837)
The Love Chase (1837)[https://archive.org/details/lovechasecomedyi00kno ''The Love Chase (Google eBook)]
Woman's Wit (1838)[https://books.google.com/books?id=5_gsAAAAYAAJ Woman's Wit (Internet Archive)]
The Maid of Mariendorpt (1838)[https://books.google.com/books?id=O2cEAAAAQAAJ The Maid of Mariendorpt (Google Books)]
Love (1839)[https://archive.org/details/loveaplayinfive00knowgoog Love]
John of Procida; or, The Bridals of Messina (1840)[https://archive.org/details/johnprocidaorbr01knowgoog John of Procida; or, The Bridals of Messina (Internet Archive)]
Old Maids (1841)[https://archive.org/details/oldmaidsacomedy00knowgoog Old Maids (Internet Archive)]
The Rose of Arragon (1842)[https://archive.org/details/rosearragonapla00knowgoog The Rose of Arragon (Internet Archive)]
The Secretary (1843)[https://archive.org/details/secretaryaplayi00jamegoog The Secretary (Internet Archive)]
Alexina; or, True unto Death (1866)[https://archive.org/details/trueuntodeathad01knowgoog True unto Death]

=Novels and short stories=

The Magdalen and Other Tales (1832)[https://books.google.com/books?id=T5IVAAAAYAAJ&q=%22James+Sheridan+Knowles%22 The Magdalen and Other Tales (Google eBook)]
Fortescue (1846)[https://archive.org/details/fortescueanovel00knowgoog Fortescue (Google eBook)]
George Lovell (1847)

File:1855 Playbill St. Charles Theatre.jpg

Old Adventures (1859)
Tales and Novelettes etc. (1874)

=Poetry=

A Collection of Poems on Various Subjects (1810)[https://books.google.com/books?id=2tMIAAAAQAAJ&q=%22James+Sheridan+Knowles%22 A collection of poems on various subjects (Google eBook)]
Fugitive Pieces
The Senate, or Social Villagers of Kentish Town, a Canto (1817)

=Theological writings=

The Rock of Rome; or, The Arch Heresy (1849)
The Idol Demolished by Its Own Priest (1852) (An answer to Cardinal Wiseman's Lectures on Transubstantiation.)
The Gospel Attributed to Matthew in the Record of the Whole Original Apostlehood (1855)

=Non-fiction=

The Elocutionist (1831)[https://books.google.com/books?id=h60MkPZGZ_sC&q=%22James+Sheridan+Knowles%22 The Elocutionist (Google eBook)] (A collection of pieces in prose and verse; peculiarly adapted to display the art of reading...)
A Treatise on the Climate of Madeira (1850)
The Debater's Handbook (1862)[https://books.google.com/books?id=HbUCAAAAYAAJ&q=%22The+debater's+handbook%22+%22James+Sheridan+Knowles%22 The Debater's Handbook (Google Books)]
Lectures on Dramatic Literature (1875)[https://archive.org/details/cu31924086054800 Lectures on dramatic literature (Google eBook)]