James Wishart
{{Short description|Scottish admiral in the Royal Navy and Member of Parliament}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
|name=Sir James Wishart
|image=Sir James Wishart.jpg
|image_size=250px
|caption=James Wishart by Michael Dahl
|birth_date=1659
|death_date=1723
|birth_place=
|death_place=
|placeofburial =
|nickname=
|allegiance={{flag|Kingdom of England}}
|branch={{navy|Kingdom of England}}
|serviceyears=
|rank=Admiral
|unit=
|commands= HMS Pearl
HMS Mary Galley
HMS Swiftsure
Mediterranean Fleet
|battles=War of the Spanish Succession
|awards=
|relations=
|laterwork=
}}
Admiral Sir James Wishart (1659–1723) was a Scottish admiral in the Royal Navy and Member of Parliament (MP) for Portsmouth.{{cite web|title=HMS Wishart |url=http://www.wishart.org/hmswishart.html |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120181622/http://www.wishart.org/hmswishart.html |archivedate=2013-01-20 }} Wishart served at the Battle of Cadiz and the Battle of Vigo Bay in 1702[https://archive.today/20130217113325/http://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/91801/85AB5C387D3C76BBAD251EDEC636AEBAF375D0D8.html?start=21&query=gibraltar+painting&startPage=13 James Wishart], Europeana, accessed December 2012 and at the Capture of Gibraltar.
Biography
Wishart was born to William Wishart, Principal of Edinburgh University. James Wishart was not the eldest son and he joined the Dutch navy and reputedly commanded a Dutch vessel.J. D. Davies, ‘Wishart, Sir James (c.1659–1723)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/29795, accessed 9 Dec 2012] His elder brother George became a baronet and a lieutenant colonel[http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1690-1715/member/wishart-sir-james-1659-1723 James Wishart], Paula Watson, HistoryOfParliament.org, accessed December 2012 whilst his brother William Wishart became the Principal of Edinburgh University. Wishart returned to Great Britain with William of Orange and he was rewarded, as he became a captain of HMS Pearl in 1689 and later he moved to HMS Mary Galley.
Wishart captained HMS Swiftsure and became a favourite of Sir George Rooke after becoming his flag captain in 1695 on the recently renamed HMS Queen. He served at the Battle of Cadiz and the Battle of Vigo Bay in 1702.
In 1703-4 Wishart was with Sir George Rooke at the Capture of Gibraltar. By 1704 Rooke was threatening to resign when he found out that William Whetstone who lacked Wishart's seniority had been promoted to rear-admiral of the blue in preference to his captain. Rooke suspected that Wishart had been passed over either to slight him or because of Wishart's Scottish ancestry. Rooke noted that Wishart had recently moved to Yorkshire with his wife as way of mitigation of Jacobite leanings.[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/29199 William Whetstone at the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography], accessed December 2012 Rooke's protest resulted in Wishart also being promoted to rear-admiral of the blue and it was backdated to the same date as his competitor was promoted.
Rooke and Wishart were in the Mediterranean later the same year and Wishart was given a knighthood on his return. The success was short-lived however as both Rooke and Wishart lost their positions the following year. Wishart was placed on half pay and it was not until 1710 that his career progressed further when he became an Admiralty Lord.
After having been defeated as a Tory parliamentary candidate for Portsmouth in the 1710 election, he was successfully returned on petition the following year, sitting until 1715.
Wishart was sent to The Hague where he unsuccessfully lobbied the Dutch to form an alliance against the French. His last naval role was as Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet taking over from Sir John Jennings in December 1713.{{cite web |title=Sir James Wishart, c. 1659-1723 - National Maritime Museum |url=http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/14574.html |website=collections.rmg.co.uk |publisher=Royal Museums Greenwich |accessdate=7 January 2019 |location=London, England}} Wishart was always suspected of being of a Jacobite persuasion. When George I of Great Britain became king, Wishart lost his line management role and he died childless on 30 May 1723. He was an Admiral of the White Squadron.{{cite book|editor-last=Clarke|editor-first=James Stanier|editor-link=James Stanier Clarke|title=The Naval Chronicle Vol 27 Containing a General and Biographical History of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom With a Variety of Original Papers on Nautical Subjects.|year=2010|publisher=Cambridge Univ Pr|location=Cambridge|isbn=9781108018661|pages=177–352|url=http://ebooks.cambridge.org/chapter.jsf?bid=CBO9780511731815&cid=CBO9780511731815A009|author=McArthur, John}}
Private life
He married Cordelia Raper of Bedale, North Yorkshire and lived at 53 High Street, Portsmouth.{{cite web|url=https://www.wishart.org/hms_wishart.html|title=HMS Wishart|accessdate=15 September 2018}} They had no children and his legacy of £20,000 went first to his wife. Wishart's will stipulated that anyone who ever owned his land or money needed to take his surname. The money eventually went to his nephew William Wishart who was Principal at Edinburgh University in 1736 or 1737. There is a memorial to Wishart, erected by his brother also William in the Church of St. Mary & St. Nicholas, Leatherhead. The memorial features a good biography and models of ships.{{cite book|last=Brayley|first=Edward Wedlake|title=A topographical history of Surrey: the geological section by Gedeon Mantell|year=1850|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9rJoEK-Pl7AC&q=%22james+wishart%22+admiral|accessdate=9 December 2012|page=438 onwards}}
Legacy
He had his portrait painted by Michael Dahl.[http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/14574.html Sir James Wishart], Michael Dahl, Royal Museums, Greenwich, accessed December 2012
The Royal Navy has named one ship, the destroyer {{HMS|Wishart|D67}}, after James Wishart; she was in commission from 1920 to 1945. Lord Louis Mountbatten was her commanding officer for a time, and when he was trying to inspire their crew he joked that the ship had the best name in the navy making the pun, "Our Father Wishart in Heaven..."{{cite book|last=Terraine|first=John|title=The Life and Times of Lord Mountbatten|date=9 May 2013|isbn=978-1448211302|pages=1931|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JhrB5Mu6R0gC&q=%22wishart+in+heaven%22}}