Jamrud
{{About|the town|the administrative subdivision of Iran|Jamrud Rural District|the Indonesian rock band|Jamrud (band)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jamrud
| native_name = جمرود
| native_name_lang = ps
| other_name = Jam
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Khyber Pass.jpg
| image_caption = Bab-e-Khyber in Jamrud town
| image_flag =
| image_seal =
| image_shield =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#Pakistan
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|34|00|N|71|23|E|region:PK|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagu|Pakistan}}
| subdivision_type1 = Region
| subdivision_name1 = {{Flag|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa}}
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = Khyber
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| subdivision_name3 = Jamrud
| established_title =
| established_date =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_total_km2 = ...
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 461
| elevation_max_m =
| elevation_min_m =
| population_total = 56,642
| population_as_of = 2023
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone =
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}}
Jamrūd (Pashto/{{langx|ur|جمرود}}) or Jam ({{langx|ps|جم}}) is a town in the Khyber District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Located in the Valley of Peshawar, on the western fringe of Peshawar city, Jamrud is the doorway to the Khyber Pass which is just to the west of the town. The pass connects Jamrud with Landi Kotal to the west, located near the border of Afghanistan's Nangarhar Province.
Jamrud has remained a location on the trade route between Central Asia and South Asia, and a strategic military location. It is located at an altitude of {{convert|461|m|ft}} above sea level. The Jamrud Fort is located {{convert|17|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of the city of Peshawar.
History
File:Khyber chiefs with captain tucker.jpg chiefs and a British Political Officer posed at Jamrud fort at the mouth of the Khyber Pass in 1878.|left]]
The Battle of Jamrud between the Sikh Empire and the Emirate of Kabul took place at Jamrud where the Sikh general Hari Singh Nalwa was killed. The famous Jamrud Fort was built in 54 days by Hari Singh Nalwa. The proposal to build the fort was issued to him by one of his generals. The proposal was opposed; however he finally decided to build the fort and construct its layout. The foundation of the fort that has survived was laid by General Hari Singh Nalwa on 18 December 1836 and the construction was completed in 54 days. The fort was finished on 10 February 1837. Hari Singh Nalwa's grave is still next to the fort where his cremated ashes remain. The fort of Jamrud was captured by the British Empire in 1849 after they annexed the Punjab region and ended the Sikh Empire. The British signed a treaty with Dost Mohammad Khan cementing British rule over the Khyber Pass. Jamrud was a strategic location and served as a base for a cantonment of the British Indian Army during the period of the British Raj. In 1857, the Second Anglo-Afghan Treaty was signed there. It was mainly used by the British army as a base of operations for their wars in Afghanistan.{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}} During the military operations of 1878-79 Jamrud became a place of considerable importance as the frontier outpost on British territory towards Afghanistan, and it was also the base of operations for a portion of the Tirah campaign in 1897-1898. It was also the headquarters of the Khyber Rifles, and the collecting station for the Khyber tolls.{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Jamrud|volume=15|pages=149–150}} The place is currently the headquarters of the Frontier Corps, a branch of the Pakistan Army. The population in 1901 was 1,848. In 2017, the population was recorded to be 63,843 and the place continues to be of strategic significance.
Demographics
= Population =
{{Historical populations|1951|...|1961|...|1972|...|1981|...|1998|32,039|2017|63,843|2023|56,642|align=center|percentages=pagr|footnote=Sources:{{cite web |title=Population by administrative units 1951-1998 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/1998/administrative_units.pdf |publisher = Pakistan Bureau of Statistics}}
As of the 2023 census, Jamrud has 8,463 households and a population of 56,642. Jamrud has a sex ratio of 109.72 males to 100 females and a literacy rate of 63.94%: 78.52% for males and 48.03% for females. 17597 (31.14% of the surveyed population) are under 10 years of age.{{cite web |title=7th Population and Housing Census - Detailed Results: Table 1 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/kp/dcr/table_1.pdf |website=www.pbscensus.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics}}
= Languages =
= Religion =
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Jamrud (2023){{Cite web |title=7th Population and Housing Census - Detailed Results: Table 9 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/kp/dcr/table_9.pdf |website=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics}}
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=center
|bars=
{{bar percent|Islam|green|99.25}}
{{bar percent|Christianity|dodgerblue|0.74}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.01}}
}}
See also
Notes
{{Reflist}}
References
- Jamrūd - Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14, p. 52. http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_058.gif
- North-West Frontier Province - Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 19, p. 153. http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V19_159.gif
- Gazetteer of the Peshawar District 1897-8, revised edition, Lahore: Punjab Government, p. 74.
- The Return of the King by William Dalrymple https://www.amazon.com/Return-King-Battle-Afghanistan-1839-42/dp/0307958280
External links
- {{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20150410225613/http://www.khyber.org/history/a/battle_of_jamrud_1837.shtml Battle of Jamrud (1837)]}}