Jan Guzyk

{{Infobox person

| name = Jan Guzyk

| image = Jan Guzyk medium.png

|birth_date = 1875

|birth_place = Rączna

|death_date = 1928

Jan Guzyk (1875–1928), also known as Jan Guzik was a Polish spiritualist medium known for his alleged ability of psychokinesis.Brower, M. Brady. (2010). Unruly Spirits: The Science of Psychic Phenomena in Modern France. University of Illinois Press. pp. 133-135. {{ISBN|978-0252077517}}Anderson, Rodger. (2006). Psychics, Sensitives and Somnambules: A Biographical Dictionary with Bibliographies. McFarland & Company. p. 77. {{ISBN|978-0786427703}} Guzyk was exposed as a fraud by psychical researchers Harry Price and Max Dessoir.

Biography

Guzyk was born in the village of Rączna, near Kraków. He was the son of a weaver.Guiley, Rosemary. (1994). The Guinness Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits. Guinness Publishing. p. 152. {{ISBN|978-0851127484}} He became a medium at the age of fifteen. It was alleged he could materialize spirits and perform levitation and psychokinesis of objects. Guzyk was endorsed by the psychical researcher Gustav Geley who attended his séances.

Investigations

Skeptical investigator Paul Heuzé and a professional illusionist known as Professor Dicksonn suspected that Guzyk was fraudulent and that Geley and other psychical researchers had been duped by trickery. In November 1923, Heuzé organized five scientists, including French physicist Paul Langevin to observe Guzyk during a series of séances at Sorbonne. Objects were moved but only in close reach of the medium. They committee concluded that he had freed one of his legs to perform the phenomena. When tighter controls were introduced, nothing happened.Lachapelle, Sofie. (2011). Investigating the Supernatural: From Spiritism and Occultism to Psychical Research and Metapsychics in France, 1853-1931. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 131. {{ISBN|978-1421400136}} Their report published in the L'Année Psychologique, stated that fraud was "complete and without reserve".Langevin, P; Rabaud, E; Laugier, H; Marcelin, A; Meyerson, I. (1924). Rapport au sujet des phénomènes produits par le Médium J. Guzik. L'Année Psychologique 24: 664-672.

Guzyk was said to have utilized his elbows and legs to move objects around the room and touch the sitters. He was caught cheating by the psychical researcher Harry Price. According to Price the "man was clever, especially with his feet, which were almost as useful to him as his hands in producing phenomena."Price, Harry. (1942). Search for Truth: My Life for Psychical Research. Collins p. 206 Price also noted that Guzyk impersonated a "spirit" animal during a séance by placing his hand in a stocking to stimulate the illusion of a snapping jaw.Tabori, Paul. (1974). Harry Price: The Biography of a Ghosthunter. Sphere Books. pp. 118-119. {{ISBN|0-7221-8326-7}}

Psychologist Max Dessoir wrote that the trick of Guzyk was to use his "foot for psychic touches and sounds".Spence, Lewis. (2003). Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology. Kessinger Publishing. p. 399. {{ISBN|978-0766128156}} He was investigated many times and his mediumship was detected in fraud.Cavendish, Richard. (1971). Man, Myth & Magic: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Supernatural. Volume 6. Purnell. p. 2277. {{ISBN|978-0863070419}} At a séance in Kraków in December 1924 a photograph showed him moving a curtain with his hand. Walter Franklin Prince who attended séances with Guzyk came to the conclusion he had no paranormal ability.Berger, Arthur. (1988). Lives and Letters in American Parapsychology: A Biographical History, 1850-1987. McFarland & Company. p. 95. {{ISBN|978-0899503455}} The psychical researcher Paul Tabori has written that it was established beyond doubt that Guzyk had cheated at his séances.

Jan Guzyk

Biography

Investigations

References

Further reading