Jan Zadoks
{{short description|Dutch botanist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Jan Zadoks
| birth_name = Jan Carel Zadoks
| image = Jan C. Zadoks, 2012.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Jan Zadoks, 2012
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1929|02|06}}
| birth_place = Amsterdam, Netherlands
| death_date =
| death_place =
| residence =
| citizenship = Dutch
| alma_mater = University of Amsterdam
| work_institution = Wageningen University & Research
| doctoral_advisor = prof. dr. A.J.P. Oort
| academic_advisors =
| doctoral_students =
| notable_students =
| known_for = Plant disease epidemiology, research on wheat stripe rust in cereal
}}
Jan Carel Zadoks (born 6 February 1929) is a Dutch botanist and a professor emeritus of ecological plant pathology at Wageningen University & Research.
Career
Zadoks studied biology at the University of Amsterdam {{When|date=October 2022}} and received his PhD. cum laudeCum laude is an honour bestowed on about 2% of candidates in the Dutch system from the same university in 1961 for his thesis Yellow rust on wheat, studies in epidemiology and physiologic specialization.{{Cite web |url=https://albumacademicum.uva.nl/cgi/b/bib/bib-idx?c=ap;type=boolean;date61=1961;date62=1961;searchtype=phd;q1=id%2A;rgn1=id;cc=ap;view=reslist;sort=achternaam;fmt=long;page=reslist;lang=en;size=1;start=89 |title=Yellow rust on wheat. Studies in epidemiology and physiologic specialization |date=14 June 1961 |website=Album Academicum - Professors and PhD Graduates from 1632 to this day |publisher=University of Amsterdam |access-date=2022-05-02}}{{cite journal |last1=Zadoks |first1=J.C. |title=Yellow rust on wheat. Studies in epidemiology and physiologic specialization |journal=Tijdschrift over Planteziekten (Presently European Journal of Plant Pathology) |year=1961 |volume=67 |issue= |pages=69–265 |publisher=Springer Science+Business Media}}
In 1961 Zadoks joined the National Agricultural College, where he was appointed Professor of Ecological Plant Pathology in 1969. He served in various administrative roles, including Dean of the School of Agriculture, and President of the Biology Section (BION) of the Dutch Research Council (Dutch: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, NWO). He was a member of the Committee on Genetic Modification (COGEM) of the Netherlands ('GMO Release Committee'), chairing the Subcommittee on Plants for five years. He was a member of the Netherlands Pesticides Registration Board for 3 years.
Zadoks developed what is arguably the world's first course on plant disease epidemiology with a wet lab and field practical. He pioneered courses in 'Aerobiology', 'Crop Loss', 'Genetics of Resistance' and 'Plant Protection and Society'. The first course formed the basis of the textbook 'Epidemiology and plant disease management'.{{cite book |last1=Zadoks |first1=J.C. |last2=Schein |first2=R.D |date=1979 |title=Epidemiology and plant disease management |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |pages=427 |isbn=9780195024517 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3_XwAAAAMAAJ |access-date=2022-05-08}}
Zadoks retired in 1994.{{Cite web |url=https://www.wur.nl/en/newsarticle/professor-zadoks-gifts-historical-maps.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502200709/https://www.wur.nl/en/newsarticle/professor-zadoks-gifts-historical-maps.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 May 2022 |title=Professor Zadoks gifts historical maps |date=2012-09-04 |website=Wageningen University & Research |access-date=2022-05-02 }}
= Research on cereal rust epidemiology =
His early research focused on wheat yellow stripe rust and other fungal plant diseases. His 1974 scale to record growth stages of cereals (the 'Zadoks scale') became the internationally recognized standard as used by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO){{cite journal |last=Zadoks |first=J.C. |title=Epidemiology of Wheat Rust in Europe |journal=FAO Plant Protection Bulletin |volume=13 |date=October 1965 |issue=5 |pages=29–46 |oclc=8413999 |issn=0014-5637 |doi=10.1080/05331846709432232 | publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}} and the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV).{{cite journal |last1=Zadoks |first1=J.C. |last2=Chang |first2=T.T. |last3=Konzak |first3=C.F. |title=A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals |year=1974 |journal=Weed Research |volume=14 |issue= 6|pages=415–421 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3180.1974.tb01084.x |bibcode=1974WeedR..14..415Z }} He developed dynamic simulation models of plant disease epidemics, and initiated the computerized pest and disease warning system EPIPRE for wheat. Later, he became involved in various studies of focus formation in plant disease, and in alternative agriculture. Once retired, he published on the history of plant pathology.{{cite book |last1=Zadoks |first1=J.C. |title=Sea lavender, rust and mildew. A perennial pathosystem in the Netherlands |year=2005 |publisher=Wageningen Academic Publishers |location=Wageningen |pages=256 |isbn=9789076998596}}{{cite book |last1=Zadoks |first1=J.C. |title=On the political economy of plant disease epidemics. Capita selecta in historical epidemiology |year=2008 |publisher=Wageningen Academic Publishers |location=Wageningen |pages=256 |isbn=9789086860869 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iq9cyVB313QC&pg=PA102 |access-date=2022-05-08}}{{cite book |last1=Zadoks |first1=J.C. |title=Crop protection in medieval agriculture. Studies in pre-modern organic agriculture |year=2013 |publisher=Sidestone |location=Leiden |pages=333 |isbn=9789088901874 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ddfAQAAQBAJ |access-date=2022-05-08}}{{cite book |last1=Zadoks |first1=J.C. |title=Black shank of tobacco in the former Dutch East Indies, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae |year=2014 |publisher=Sidestone |location=Leiden |pages=203 |isbn=9789088902833}}{{cite journal |last1=Nagarajan |first1=S. |last2=Kogel |first2=H.J. |last3=Zadoks |first3=J.C. |title=Epidemiological analysis of the damage potential of Pgt-Ug99 in Central, North East Africa; Iran and Punjab (India) |year=2014 |journal=Indian Phytopathology |volume=67 |issue= |pages=26–32}}{{cite journal |last1=Zadoks |first1=J.C. |title=On social and political effects of plant pest and disease epidemics |year=2017 |journal=Phytopathology |volume=107 |issue= 10|pages=11–15 |issn=0031-949X |publisher=American Phytopathological Society|doi=10.1094/PHYTO-10-16-0369-FI |pmid=28323536 |doi-access=free }}
= International agricultural outreach =
In 1969, Zadoks founded the European and Mediterranean Cereal Rust Foundation. He performed consultancy and evaluation missions for the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), CGIAR (Consultative Group for International Agriculture) and for Dutch, French and Swiss governmental institutions with a focus on crop loss, resistance, integrated pest management (IPM) and education. For 14 years he was a member of the FAO Panel of Experts for Integrated Pest Control. He organised the XIII International Plant Protection Congress (IPPC) of the International Association for the Plant Protection Sciences at The Hague in 1995.{{Cite web |url=https://www.plantprotection.org/congress-ippc/ippc-reports-1946/ |title=History of the International Plant Protection Congresses (IPPCs) |website=International Association for the Plant Protection Sciences |access-date=2022-05-10}}
Collection of Sinterklaas wrapping papers
In addition to his academic work in plant pathology, Zadoks collected 1500 items of Sinterklaas-themed wrapping paper over a period of 50 years, and wrote about the themes and changes in their design in his publication Sinterklaas verpakt - Vijftig jaar Sint Nicolaas inwikkelpapier (translates as: "Sinterklaas wrapped - Fifty years of Sinterklaas wrapping paper"). One of Zadoks' conclusions is that the portrayal of Sinterklaas' blackface companion, Zwarte Piet, has undergone significant metamorphoses from 1960-2010.{{Cite book |last=Zadoks |first=Jan Carel |date=2010 |title=Sinterklaas verpakt - Vijftig jaar Sint Nicolaas inwikkelpapier |trans-title=Fifty years of Sinterklaas wrapping paper |publisher=Zadoks |location=Utrecht |isbn=9789081112574 |pages=127 |language=nl |url=https://www.breindok.nl/product/sinterklaas-verpakt/ |accessdate=2022-05-02}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/ook-op-pakpapier-is-zwarte-piet-bezig-aan-een-metamorfose~b614455d/ |title=Ook op pakpapier is Zwarte Piet bezig aan een metamorfose |trans-title=Zwarte Piets metamorphosis also happens on wrapping paper |author=Iris Koppe |date=2016-11-30 |work=de Volkskrant |language=nl |url-access=subscription |access-date=2022-05-02}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/een-boek-voor~b1133d8a/ |title= Een boek voor... Waarom Nicolaas van Myra Sinterklaas verpakt van Jan Carel Zadoks moet lezen |trans-title=Why Sint-Nicolaas of Myra should read Sinterklaas wrapping paper by Jan Carel Zadoks |author=Olaf Tempelman |date=2013-11-02 |work=de Volkskrant |language=nl |url-access=subscription |access-date=2022-05-02}}
Awards and honours
Publications
= Scientific works =
- 1979 - Epidemiology and plant disease management ({{ISBN|9780195024517}}) - with R.D. Schein
- 2005 - Sea lavender, rust and mildew. A perennial pathosystem in the Netherlands ({{ISBN|9789076998596}})
- 2008 - On the political economy of plant disease epidemics. Capita selecta in historical epidemiology ({{ISBN|9789086860869}})
- 2013 - Crop protection in medieval agriculture. Studies in pre-modern organic agriculture ({{ISBN|9789088901874}})
- 2014 - Black shank of tobacco in the former Dutch East Indies, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae ({{ISBN|9789088902833}})
= Other works =
- {{Cite book |date=2010 |title=Sinterklaas verpakt - Vijftig jaar Sint Nicolaas inwikkelpapier |trans-title=Fifty years of Sinterklaas wrapping paper |publisher=Zadoks |location=Utrecht |isbn=9789081112574 |pages=127 |language=nl |url=https://www.breindok.nl/product/sinterklaas-verpakt/}}
- {{Cite book |date=2021 |title=Ter lering van de kinderen - Een opvoedkundig werkje uit de 18e eeuw |trans-title=Lessons for children. An educational booklet from the 18th century |publisher=Zadoks |location=Utrecht |isbn=9789492649119 |pages=76 |language=nl |url=https://www.breindok.nl/product/ter-lering-van-de-kinderen/}} This book is a translation of On Civility in Children (French: La civilité puerile et honneste pour l’instruction des enfans; Latin: De civilitate morum puerilium) by Erasmus, translated by Zadoks, with an introduction by Zadoks.
Literature
- {{Cite journal |last1=Dekker |first1=J. |title=Jan Carel Zadoks, Professor in ecological Plant Pathology: Wageningen Agricultural University |year=1993 |journal=Netherlands (European) Journal of Plant Pathology |volume=99 |issue= Supplement 3 |pages=7–18 |doi=10.1007/BF03041391|bibcode=1993EJPP...99....7D |s2cid=30242439 }}
External links
- {{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/JC-Zadoks-2035678998 |title=J.C. Zadoks's research while affiliated with Wageningen University & Research and other places - 203 publications |website=ResearchGate |access-date=2022-05-02}}
References
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Category:20th-century Dutch botanists
Category:21st-century Dutch botanists
Category:Scientists from Amsterdam
Category:University of Amsterdam alumni
Category:Academic staff of Wageningen University and Research