Japanese Bridge
{{Short description|Bridge in Vietnam}}
{{Infobox Bridge
| name = Japanese Bridge
| image = 2024 Hội An - Japanese Covered Bridge (Chùa Cầu) after renovation - img 11.jpg
| caption = The Japanese Bridge in 2024
| official_name = Lai Viễn Kiều
| other_name = Pagoda Bridge
| also_known_as = Pagoda Bridge
| native_name = Chùa Cầu, Cầu Nhật Bản
| native_name_lang = vi
| carries = pedestrians
| crosses = Outlet of Thu Bồn River
| maint =
| design = Covered bridge
| mainspan = {{convert|18|m|ft|0}}
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| begin =
| open = 1593
| toll =
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| coordinates = {{Coord|15|52|37.589|N|108|19|33.492|E|type:landmark|display=inline|name=Chùa Cầu}}
}}
{{Infobox religious building
| building_name = Chùa Cầu
| image = Cau_Nhat_Ban.jpg
| caption = The bridge and temple in 2010
| geo =
| religious_affiliation = Taoist
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| consecration_year = 1653
| status = Temple
| leadership =
| patron = Trấn Vũ
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| architecture_style = Japanese Edo (original)
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The Japanese Bridge (Vietnamese: {{lang|vi|Chùa Cầu}}, lit. Pagoda Bridge) is a footbridge with a temple atop, located in Hội An, Quảng Nam Province, Vietnam. It dates from the late 16th century by Japanese merchantmen but successive renovations and repairs on the bridge have occurred throughout the period to the modern day.
Description
The footbridge is 18 meters long and 3 meters wide. A small temple sits on the north end of the bridge, with the entrance in middle of the bridge overlooking the water. The two bridgeheads are built with bricks with two spans each, while the middle portion of the bridge has five spans placed on brick pillars going into the water. The building frame is made of wood and utilizes three separate, but integrated roof systems for the three portions of the bridge.
The bridge's temple has ornate decor, including porcelain bowls used to cap the ends of the roof tiles and statues of a monkey and a dog (the monkey god and the dog god are the two gods who control Namazu in Japanese folklore). Chữ Hán can be found throughout the bridge and temple, including "Lai Viễn Kiều" in front of the entrance of the temple. The temple historically has been an altar to Trấn Vũ with an annual festival dedicated to the deity on the 20th day of the 7th lunar month.{{cite web | title=Lịch sử chùa Cầu ở Hội An | website=Bạn Nên Biết | date=July 7, 2019 | url=https://bannenbiet.com/lich-su-chua-cau-o-hoi-an/ | language=vi | access-date=November 10, 2021}}
History
During the 16th century, Japanese merchants began to establish residence in the port city of Faifo (now Hoi An) and established their own enclave. In 1593, one group of merchants began building a covered bridge to cross a neighborhood canal.{{cite web | website=Atlas Obscura | url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/japanese-covered-bridge | title=Japanese Covered Bridge | access-date=November 10, 2021}} They finished construction in 1595 and improved access between the Chinese enclave on the other side.{{cite web | title=Japanese Bridge (Chua Cau Nhat Ban) Hoi An - Chùa Cầu Hội An | website=VietnamOnline.com | url=https://www.vietnamonline.com/attraction/japanese-bridge-chua-cau.html | access-date=November 10, 2021}} In 1653, Japanese residents built a temple atop the bridge as a way to, according to legend, placate the earthquake-inducing monster Namazu.{{cite web | last=Lê | first=Quốc | title=Khám phá nơi thờ khỉ độc nhất vô nhị của Việt Nam | website=trithuccuocsong.vn | date=February 8, 2016 | url=https://kienthuc.net.vn/di-san/kham-pha-noi-tho-khi-doc-nhat-vo-nhi-cua-viet-nam-626837.html | language=vi | access-date=November 10, 2021}} With the 17th century withdrawals of Japanese merchants and Dutch East Indies company from Hoi An, Chùa Cầu and its surrounding neighborhood remained relatively preserved.
During a 1719 visit to Hoi An, lord Nguyễn Phúc Chu named the bridge Lai Viễn Kiều, which means "a bridge to welcome guests from afar". According to a date recorded on the roof beam and an inscription left at the bridgehead, the bridge was rebuilt in 1817, though it is not clear if the temple was as well.{{cite web | last=Lê | first=Quốc | title=Khám phá nơi thờ khỉ độc nhất vô nhị của Việt Nam | website=trithuccuocsong.vn | date=February 8, 2016 | url=https://kienthuc.net.vn/di-san/kham-pha-noi-tho-khi-doc-nhat-vo-nhi-cua-viet-nam-626837.html | language=vi | access-date=November 10, 2021}}{{cite web |date=October 2, 2021 |title=Chùa Cầu - linh hồn di sản Hội An |url=https://vnexpress.net/chua-cau-linh-hon-di-san-hoi-an-4364768.html |access-date=November 10, 2021 |website=vnexpress.net |language=vi}} The bridge would be renovated in 1817, 1865, 1915, and 1986, gradually integrating elements of Vietnamese and Chinese architecture and design in lieu of its original Japanese elements.{{cite web|date=June 10, 2019|title=Japanese Covered Bridge – The Legacy Of Ancient Japan in Hoi An|url=https://vietnamdiscovery.com/hoi-an/attractions/japanese-covered-bridge/|url-status=live|access-date=November 10, 2021|website=vietnamdiscovery.com|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810084544/https://vietnamdiscovery.com/hoi-an/attractions/japanese-covered-bridge/ |archive-date=2020-08-10 }}
As the structure is sinking due to underground erosion, works are undergoing to prevent its collapse.
Honors and designation
In February 1990, Chùa Cầu was granted the status of National Historic-Cultural Relic. In 2006, a 20,000 VND banknote was released featuring the bridge.
Gallery
File:Faifoo - Pont Japonais.jpg|Japanese Bridge on a postcard in early 20th century
File:Hội An - Japanische Brücke (8688805519).jpg|The bridge being lit up at night in 2013
File:Japanese Covered Bridge, Hoi An, Vietnam (6944565326).jpg|The temple in 2012
File:Japanese_covered-bridge_of_Hoi_An_in_2015_17.jpg|Entrance to the bridge
File:Hoi An Japanese Bridge (5058507432).jpg|Interior of the bridge
File:16 Hoi An (7).jpg|The Japanese Bridge dismantled for restoration as of October 2023
See also
{{Commonscat|Japanese Bridge}}