Javanrud

{{for|the administrative division of Kermanshah province|Javanrud County}}

{{Infobox settlement

|name = Javanrud

|native_name = {{langx|fa|جوانرود}}
{{langx|ku|جوانڕۆ}}

|native_name_lang = fa, ku

|settlement_type = City

|image_skyline = Javanrud.jpg

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|image_caption = Landscape near Javanrud

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|pushpin_map = Iran

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|coordinates = {{Coord|34|48|28|N|46|29|38|E|dim:1km|display=inline,title}}

|coordinates_footnotes = {{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=34.807778&mlon=46.493889&zoom=15#map=15/34.80778/46.49389|website=OpenStreetMap |title=Javanrud, Javanrud County|date=11 December 2024|access-date=11 December 2024|lang=fa}}

|subdivision_type = Country

|subdivision_name = Iran

|subdivision_type1 = Province

|subdivision_name1 = Kermanshah

|subdivision_type2 = County

|subdivision_name2 = Javanrud

|subdivision_type3 = District

|subdivision_name3 = Central

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|population_as_of = 2016

|population_total = 54354

|population_density_km2 = auto

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|timezone = IRST

|utc_offset = +3:30

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Javanrud ({{langx|fa|جوانرود}}){{efn|Also romanized as Javānrūd; also known as Qal‘a Jūanrūd, Qal‘eh Jūānrūd, and Qal‘eh-ye Javānrūd (English: Fort Javanrud); also Ciwanro and Jūānrū ({{langx|ku|جوانڕۆ|Ciwanro}}){{GEOnet3|-3797685}}}} is a city in the Central District of Javanrud County, Kermanshah province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.{{cite report|title=Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Bakhtran province, centered in the city of Bakhtran|language=fa|website=rc.majlis.ir|via=Research Center of the System of Laws of the Islamic Council of Farabi Mobile Library|url=https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206215420/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113024|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board|last=Habibi|first=Hassan|archive-date=6 February 2013|date=19 November 2013|orig-date=Approved 21 June 1369|id=Proposal 3233.1.5.53; Letter 93808/907; Notification 82832/T122K|access-date=29 January 2024}} The city is 79 kilometers north of Kermanshah and is 1,300 meters above sea level.{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/11/iran-more-than-100-protesters-believed-to-be-killed-as-top-officials-give-green-light-to-crush-protests/|title = Iranian security forces are using lethal force to crush protests}}

Etymology

The name of the city is derived from the Kurdish Javanrud tribe, which had formerly dominated the area, and which has now become almost fully urban.{{Cite journal|last=Marduk|first=Abdallah|date=2008|title=JAVĀNRUD|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/javanrud|journal=Encyclopedia Iranica}}

History

During its early history, Javanrud was part of the loosely defined Ardalan province, the previous name of the present-day Kurdistan province. In 1909, its vali (governor) Aman-Allah Khan Ardalan ({{reign|1799|1825}}) ordered the construction of a fortress named Qal'a-ye Javanrud on a small hill near the middle of the Javanrud. In the mid-1970s, Javanrud was added to the Kermanshah province, later receiving its own sub-province in 1989.

Demographics

= Language, ethnicity, and religion =

The city is populated by Kurds, from various tribal backgrounds, who adhere to Sunni Islam. However, the Jaff tribe is the main tribe in the city. The two Sufi branches Naqshbandi and Qadiriyya have a strong presence in the city as well. The locals speak Gorani, Sorani and Persian.

=Population=

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 43,104 in 9,591 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Kermanshah Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/05.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920094844/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/05.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}} The following census in 2011 counted 51,483 people in 13,043 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Kermanshah Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Kermanshah.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118172226/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Kermanshah.xls|archive-date=18 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}} The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 54,354 people in 15,010 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Kermanshah Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_05.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403212203/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_05.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=3 April 2022}}

Notes

References

Category:Cities in Kermanshah province

Category:Populated places in Javanrud County

Category:Kurdish settlements in Kermanshah province