Jawi people

{{main|Jawi dialect}}

The Jawi dialect belongs to the western branch of the non-Pama-Nyungan, Nyulnyulan family. It is close to Bardi.

The Jawi have historically been seafaring traders. The Unggarrangu furnished them with mandjilal wood for their catamarans, and the Jawi in turn supplied the Bardi with this buoyant mangrove timber for the Bardi people's log rafts.{{sfn|Tindale|1974|pp=57–58}} They{{who|date=November 2019}} in turn bartered shells in return for wooden spears from the inland Warwa and Njikena tribes.{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=84}}

Jawi and Bardi people have historically shared the same kinship system, social organisation and law.{{Cite book|last=Travési, Céline|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/853725663|title=" Speaking for the land. Looking at Aboriginal tourism today through the Bardi-Jawi example (Kimberleys, Western Australia) "|oclc=853725663}} This closeness led them to form one single group for their native title claim.

File:Traditional lands of Australian Aboriginal Tribes around Derby.png tribes around Derby, WA]]

Jawi traditional lands encompass Sunday Island (Ewenu) (= Iwany) in the King Sound and the wider archipelago.

Norman Tindale estimated that the traditional lands of the Jawi (Iwany-oon, meaning "Sunday Islanders"){{sfn|Bowern|2008|p=283}} encompassed about {{convert|50|mi2|km2}} of territory: including Sunday Island and Tohau-i (probably = Jawi), and extending to West Roe Island in the north and to Jackson Island (also called Jayirri or Tyra Island) in the west.{{Cite web|title=Tindale's Catalogue of Australian Aboriginal Tribes: Djaui (WA)|url=http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/djaui.htm|access-date=12 July 2020|website=South Australian Museum}} However, there are problems with Tindale's estimates about territories in this region.{{Cite book|author=Claire Bowern |editor1=Peter K. Austin |editor2=Harold Koch |editor3=Jane Simpson |title=Language, Land and Song: Studies in Honour of Luise Hercus|publisher=E L Publishing|year=2016|isbn=978-0-728-60406-3|chapter=Language and land in the Northern Kimberley}}

Historical maps are vague about the ownership of islands in this area.

In 1972 the Jawi and Bardi community of One Arm Point was established on the Bardi mainland.{{Cite book|last=Strang, Veronica. Busse, Mark.|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/704061492|title=Ownership and appropriation|date=2012|publisher=Berg|isbn=978-1-84788-685-9|pages=93|oclc=704061492}}

In 2005 and 2015 the Jawi and Bardi people obtained partial recognition of their collective native title claim.

Jawi people began to have sustained contact with non-Indigenous people in the 1880s, as pearlers came to the region's abundant pearling grounds.{{Cite book|editor1=Dawson, Allan|editor2=Zanotti, Laura |editor3=Vaccaro, Ismael |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1100661268|title=Negotiating territoriality : spatial dialogues between state and tradition|date=11 July 2014|isbn=978-1-317-80054-5|pages=130|publisher=Routledge |oclc=1100661268}}{{Cite book|editor1=K. Glaskin |editor2=R. Chenhall |author=Katie Glaskin|title=Sleep Around the World: Anthropological Perspectives|publisher=Springer|year=2013|isbn=978-1137315731|chapter=Sleep and Dreaming in the Australian Context}}

Many Jawi people died during an influenza epidemic on Sunday Island in the early twentieth century: by some counts, more than two thirds of the Jawi population.{{Cite book |last=Bowern |first=Claire |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/848086054 |title=A grammar of Bardi |date=2013 |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |isbn=978-3-11-027818-7 |pages=6–7 |oclc=848086054}}

From 1905, the state government assumed guardianship of all Aboriginal children on Iwanyi/Sunday Island.{{Cite web| title = Find & Connect - Sunday Island Mission (1899 - 1934)

| publisher = Commonwealth of Australia

| url = https://www.findandconnect.gov.au/guide/wa/WE00577

| date = June 2022

}}

Sydney Hadley, a one-time pearler and reformed alcoholic who had spent long stints in gaol, set up a non-denominational Protestant mission on Iwanyi/Sunday Island in 1899.{{sfn|McGregor|2013|p=11}} He was later accused of allowing traditional practices to continue and sexual misconduct, in that he allegedly was initiated into the Jawi tribe and took three Aboriginal wives. This led to him being removed temporarily by the Western Australian Chief Protector of Aborigines. However, he was later reinstated and remained in charge of the mission until 1923 when he sold the mission to Australian Aborigines Mission (AAM). In 1929, the United Aborigines Mission took over from the AAM. In 1934 the mission moved off the island to Wotjulum on the mainland near Yampi Passage and Cone Bay. By February 1937 the mission returned to Sunday Island.{{sfn|Hunter|1993|p=44}} Towards the end of World War 2, H. H. J. Coate, who was engaged in a study of Bardi, took over the running of the mission.{{sfn|McGregor|2013|p=16}}

Philip and Dorothy Devenish joined the mission in 1952 - 1958, working with the United Aborigines Mission. Philip was a carpenter and they lived on the island and worked with the local people on building projects (one being a school), on the boat that was the island’s link to the mainland (Orlada), and also provided assistance with basic medical care, early years education and pastoral care, until the government decided to move all people off the island. In later years Philip spoke to with great admiration of the Jawi people’s extraordinary local knowledge and ability to swim, dive, fish and guide boats through the treacherous reefs around the island.

The mission closed in 1962.

• Chowie
• Djaoi
• Djau
• Djawi
• Ewanji, Ewenyoon, I:wanja
• Ewenu
• Tohau-i (an insular toponym referring to the main island of the Buccaneer Archipelago)
• Tohawi

Source: {{harvnb|Tindale|1974|p=241}}

{{Reflist|20em}}

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| publisher = Australian National University

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{{refend}}

{{Aboriginal peoples of Western Australia}}

{{authority control}}

Category:Aboriginal peoples of Western Australia

Category:Kimberley (Western Australia)