Jay Wexler
{{short description|American legal scholar (born 1969)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jay Wexler
| image =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|4|12}}
| alma_mater = Harvard University (BA)
University of Chicago (MA)
Stanford University (JD)
| occupation = Law professor
| employer = Boston University School of Law
| known_for = Studying laughter at the U.S. Supreme Court
}}
Jay D. Wexler (born April 12, 1969) is an American legal scholar known for being the first to study laughter at the Supreme Court of the United States. His work also focuses on church-state issues, constitutional law,{{cite book |last1=Klosterman |first1=Chuck |title=But What if We're Wrong? |date=2016 |publisher=Blue Rider Press |location=New York |isbn=9780399184123 |pages=208–11}} and environmental law. Wexler is a professor of law at the Boston University School of Law.
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Biography
Wexler earned a B.A., magna cum laude in East Asian Studies from Harvard University in 1991, his M.A. in religious studies from the University of Chicago Divinity School in 1993, and his J.D. from Stanford Law School in 1997, where he was a notes editor on the Stanford Law Review{{cite web |title=Stanford Law Review Volume 49 Masthead |url=https://www.stanfordlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2010/01/Volume-49.pdf |website=Stanford Law Review |publisher=Stanford Law School |access-date=26 April 2019}} and a semifinalist in the Kirkwood Moot Court competition. After law school, Wexler clerked for Judge David Tatel on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit and for Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg at the Supreme Court of the United States. He was an attorney advisor at the Department of Justice Office of Legal Counsel from 1999 to 2001.{{cite web |last1=Warner |first1=John |title=What Jay Wexler Knows: Talking about The Adventures of Ed Tuttle, Associate Justice |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/education-oronte-churm/what-jay-wexler-knows-talking-about-adventures-ed-tuttle-associate |website=Inside Higher Ed |access-date=29 March 2019}} Wexler began teaching at Boston University School of Law in 2001 and became a tenured professor in 2007.[http://www.bu.edu/law/profile/jay-d-wexler/ Jay D. Wexler], Boston University School of Law, retrieved March 15, 2019
Wexler has appeared on National Public Radio's All Things Considered{{cite web |last1=Seabrook |first1=Andrea |title=Obama Wields His ... Autopen? |url=https://www.npr.org/2011/05/27/136717719/obama-wields-his-autopen |website=NPR |access-date=6 May 2019}} and On Point,{{cite web |title=The Dover Case Decision |url=https://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2005/12/21/the-dover-case-decision |website=WBUR |date=21 December 2005 |access-date=6 May 2019}} CNBC,{{cite web |title=Trump 'Severs' Biz Ties: Still Conflicts of Interest? |url=https://www.cnbc.com/video/2017/01/11/trump-severs-biz-ties-still-conflicts-of-interest.html |website=CNBC |date=11 January 2017 |access-date=3 May 2019}} C-SPAN,[https://www.c-span.org/video/?407667-1/supreme-court-books "Supreme Court Books"], C-SPAN, April 5, 2016, retrieved March 12, 2019[https://www.c-span.org/video/?303599-1/the-odd-clauses "The Odd Clauses"], C-SPAN, November 10, 2011, retrieved March 12, 2019[https://www.c-span.org/video/?294010-1/holy-hullabaloos "Holy Hullabaloos"], C-SPAN, May 22, 2010, retrieved March 12, 2019[https://www.c-span.org/video/?284598-1/symposium-justice-ruth-bader-ginsburg "Symposium on Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg"], C-SPAN, March 12, 2009, retrieved March 12, 2019 State of Belief,{{cite web |last1=Craig |first1=Jonathan |title=June 20-21, 2009 |url=https://stateofbelief.com/showarchive/2009/june-20-21-2009/ |website=State of Belief: Religion and Radio Done Differently |date=19 June 2009 |publisher=Interfaith Alliance |access-date=6 May 2019}} the Brian Lehrer Show,{{cite web |last1=Reader |first1=Stephen |title=The Constitution's Odd Clauses |url=https://www.wnyc.org/story/167749-constitutions-odd-clauses/ |website=New York Public Radio |publisher=It's a Free Country |access-date=6 May 2019}} New Hampshire Public Radio's Word of Mouth,{{cite web |title=01.04.16: Jay Wexler, Locker Room Nudity, & Pot Smoking Among Teens |url=https://www.nhpr.org/post/010416-jay-wexler-locker-room-nudity-pot-smoking-among-teens#stream/0 |website=New Hampshire Public Radio |date=4 January 2016 |access-date=6 May 2019}} and has been featured in Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath{{cite web |title=Jay D. Wexler |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10615388/ |website=IMDb |access-date=22 April 2019}} and Hail Satan?{{cite news |last1=Erickson |first1=Steve |title=Director Penny Lane on Her Satanic Temple Documentary, Hail Satan? |url=http://www.studiodaily.com/2019/04/director-penny-lane-satanic-temple-documentary-hail-satan/ |access-date=22 April 2019 |work=studiodaily |date=17 April 2019}} He is admitted to the bar in Illinois{{cite web |title=Lawyer Search: Attorney's Registration and Public Disciplinary Record (Jay Douglas Wexler) |url=https://www.iardc.org/ldetail.asp?id=426035392 |website=Attorney Registration & Disciplinary Commission of the Supreme Court of Illinois |access-date=6 May 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} and Massachusetts.{{cite web |title=Look Up An Attorney (Jay Wexler) |url=https://www.massbbo.org/AttorneyLookup?firstName=Jay&lastName=Wexler |website=Massachusetts Board of Bar Overseers |access-date=6 May 2019}}
Supreme Court laughter
In 2005, Wexler's pioneering research counted the number of times each Supreme Court justice generated laughter in the courtroom, as indicated in the official transcript, as well as each Justice's "Laughter Episodes Instigated Per Argument Average," by dividing each justice's total laughs for the 2004–2005 term by the number of oral arguments he or she attended.{{cite journal |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay D. |title=Laugh Track |journal=Green Bag 2d |date=2005 |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=59 |url=http://www.greenbag.org/v9n1/v9n1_articles_wexler.pdf |access-date=7 May 2019}}Tonja Jacobi and Matthew Sag, [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3345077 Taking Laughter Seriously at the Supreme Court], March 9, 2019, retrieved March 15, 2019{{cite news |last1=Liptak |first1=Adam |title=So, Guy Walks Up to the Bar, and Scalia Says... |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/31/politics/so-guy-walks-up-to-the-bar-and-scalia-says.html |access-date=22 April 2019 |work=The New York Times |date=31 December 2005}} This inquiry determining "the relative funniness of the Justices"{{rp|59}} was replicated by Wexler in 2007.{{cite journal |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay D. |title=Laugh Track II -- Still Laughin'! |journal=Yale Law Journal Pocket Part |date=2007 |volume=117 |page=130 |url=https://www.yalelawjournal.org/forum/laugh-track-ii-still-laughin}} Since then, other scholars have built on these initial studies and seriously examined how laughter is used by the justices at the Supreme Court.{{cite journal |last1=Malphurs |first1=Ryan A. |title="People Did Sometimes Stick Things in my Underwear": The Function of Laughter at the U.S. Supreme Court |journal=Communication Law Review |date=2010 |volume=10 |issue=2 |page=48 |url=http://www.commlawreview.org/Archives/CLRv10i2/The%20Function%20of%20Laughter%20at%20the%20U.S.%20Supreme%20Court%20CLR%20v10i2.pdf |access-date=28 March 2019}}{{cite news |last1=Liptak |first1=Adam |title=A Taxonomy of Supreme Court Humor |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/25/us/25bar.html |access-date=22 April 2019 |work=The New York Times |date=24 January 2011}}
Publications
In addition to laughter during sessions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Wexler's research focuses on church-state issues and environmental law. He also writes legal fiction.
=Books=
==[[Weed Rules|Weed Rules: Blazing the Way to a Just and Joyful Marijuana Policy (2023)]]==
The book argues that states which have legalized cannabis should adopt a "careful exuberance" approach to regulating the drug rather than the "grudging tolerance" they typically use now. Wexler suggests that a commitment to equity and joy should guide cannabis policy.{{Cite web |title=Weed Rules by Jay Wexler - Paper |url=https://www.ucpress.edu/books/weed-rules/paper |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=University of California Press |language=en}}
==''Our Non-Christian Nation: How Atheists, Satanists, Pagans, and Others are Demanding their Rightful Place in Public Life'' (2019)==
The book examines how a smaller portion of the United States population identifies as Christian than in the past, and how the growing non-Christian religions are using the law to assert themselves and create a more diverse public square. Wexler travels the country to obtain first hand accounts of the religious disputes of the Summum in Salt Lake City, Wiccans in Wisconsin, Atheists in Greece, New York, and Muslims in North Carolina.{{cite web |title=Our Non-Christian Nation Contents and Abstracts |url=https://www.sup.org/books/extra/?id=27312&i=Contents.htm |website=Stanford University Press |access-date=29 March 2019}}
==''When God isn't Green: A World-Wide Journey to Places Where Religious Practice and Environmentalism Collide'' (2016)==
The book details his trips to sites where religious practices negatively impact the environment. Because large groups of people engage in these practices, it is the harm caused by the cumulative practice that needs to be weighed against religious freedom.{{cite journal |last1=Schindler |first1=Sarah |title=Comments on When God Isn't Green |journal=Boston University Law Review Annex |date=2016 |volume=96 |page=1 |url=https://www.bu.edu/bulawreview/bulronline/schindler-when-god-isnt-green/ |access-date=28 March 2019}}
==''Tuttle in the Balance'' (2015)==
Wexler's first novel follows a United States Supreme Court Justice during a midlife crisis.{{cite news |last1=Tuttle |first1=Kate |title=Professor's Debut Novel a Case of Law and Humor |work=Boston Globe |date=6 December 2015}} Although the story is satirical, it also examines serious legal issues such as filming Supreme Court arguments.{{cite news |last1=Gaff |first1=Harry |title=Standard of Review: Satire At the Supreme Court in New Novel 'Tuttle In The Balance' |url=https://abovethelaw.com/2015/12/standard-of-review-satire-at-the-supreme-court-in-new-novel-tuttle-in-the-balance/ |access-date=22 March 2019 |work=Above the Law |date=10 December 2015}} Ultimately, the story is a reminder that Supreme Court justices are ordinary people.{{cite news |last1=Warner |first1=John |title=The Bibioracle: Books Illuminate Supreme Court Process |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/books/ct-prj-biblioracle-scalia-supreme-court-books-20160224-column.html |access-date=22 March 2019 |work=Chicago Tribune |date=24 February 2016}}
==''The Adventures of Ed Tuttle, Associate Justice: and Other Stories'' (2012)==
Wexler's first collection of short stories takes readers to disparate places: a zoo where all of the animals are black and white, a children's camp where they have to collect clams, Justice Sonia Sotomayor's confirmation hearing run by the 1977 Kansas City Royals, and Henry Clay's advice to various people.{{cite journal |last1=Baker |first1=Deb |title=Finding Balance |journal=Concord Monitor |date=9 September 2012 |url=https://www.concordmonitor.com/Archive/2012/09/999646430-999646431-1209b-CM |access-date=29 March 2019}} The title story about Justice Ed Tuttle trying to pick up women while on vacation{{cite web |last1=Greenfield |first1=Scott H. |title=Book Review: The Adventures of Ed Tuttle, Associate Justice |url=http://blog.simplejustice.us/2012/08/11/book-review-the-adventures-of-ed-tuttle-associate-justice/ |website=Simple Justice |date=11 August 2012 |access-date=29 March 2019}} was expanded into Wexler's novel, Tuttle in the Balance.
==''The Odd Clauses: Understanding the Constitution Through Ten of its Most Curious Provisions'' (2012)==
The book discusses ten of the lesser known parts of the United States Constitution. He examines provisions regarding incompatibility, weights and measures, recess appointments, original jurisdiction, natural-born citizens, the Twenty-First Amendment, letters of marque and reprisal, titles of nobility, bills of attainder, and the Third Amendment. This book, like much of Wexler's work, seeks to educate and entertain, and while some enjoy this "fresh vantage point,"{{cite journal |last1=Brigham |first1=J. |title=The Odd Clauses: Understanding the Constitution Through Ten of its Most Curious Provisions |journal=Choice |date=June 2012 |volume=49 |issue=10 |page=1969}} others find it distracting.{{cite news |last1=Jacobs |first1=Ben |title=BU Professor Looks to Explain Odd Constitutional Clauses |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/books/2011/11/26/law-professor-jay-wexler-book-looks-explain-odd-constitutional-clauses/i4myNLn2mf8U338FUnuJrJ/story.html |work=Boston Globe |date=26 November 2011}} Wexler also authored a blog called Odd Clauses Watch{{cite web |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay |url=http://oddclauses.wordpress.com/ |title=Odd Clauses Watch |access-date=6 August 2019}} with news about other odd clauses that did not make the book.
==''Holy Hullabaloos: A Road Trip to the Battlegrounds of the Church/State Wars'' (2009)==
This book details his journey to the sites of recent separation of church and state judicial opinions.{{cite web |title=Holy Hullabaloos! |url=https://www.kcur.org/post/holy-hullabaloos#stream/0 |website=KCUR 89.3 |date=18 February 2010 |access-date=6 May 2019}}
=Humor publications=
In addition to studying which justices are funny, Wexler has authored numerous humor pieces. His first foray into humor publishing explained how it is possible to get 100% of one's daily recommended allowance of vitamins and minerals by eating mass quantities of junk food.{{cite journal |last1=Cox |first1=Robert |last2=Wexler |first2=Jay |title=Consume Mass Quantities: Clinton's Secret Health Plan |journal=Spy Magazine |date=January 1994 |page=20}} Wexler frequently writes about the Supreme Court of the United States,{{cite web |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay |title=Preseason at the Supreme Court |url=https://www.mcsweeneys.net/articles/preseason-at-the-supreme-court |website=McSweeney's Internet Tendency |access-date=8 April 2019}}{{cite web |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay |title=The Sound of Silence, Supreme Court Style |url=https://www.beaconbroadside.com/broadside/2008/03/the-sound-of-si.html |website=Beacon Broadside |publisher=Beacon Press |access-date=8 April 2019}} including his clerkship with Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg{{cite journal |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay |title=I Made Clarence Thomas Laugh |journal=Salon |date=8 August 2012 |url=https://www.salon.com/2012/08/18/i_made_clarence_thomas_laugh/ |access-date=7 May 2019}} and alternate reality confirmation hearings for the justices.{{cite web |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay |title=The Confirmation Hearing of Neil Gorsuch, If Supreme Court Confirmation Hearings Really Were a Form of Kabuki Theater |url=https://www.mcsweeneys.net/articles/the-confirmation-hearing-of-neil-gorsuch-if-supreme-court-confirmation-hearings-really-were-a-form-of-kabuki-theater |website=McSweeney's Internet Tendency |access-date=8 April 2019}} Wexler also writes about legal oddities, including how legislation limits Woodsy the Owl's effectiveness.{{cite web |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay |title=Woodsy the Owl Loses His Mojo |url=https://www.mcsweeneys.net/articles/woodsy-the-owl-loses-his-mojo |website=McSweeney's Internet Tendency |access-date=7 May 2019}} Although most of Wexler's humor writings are law-related, he has also written general humor pieces.{{cite web |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay |title=Failures in Live-Blogging |url=http://www.yankeepotroast.org/archives/2008/03/failures_in_liv.html |website=Yankee! Pot Roast |access-date=8 April 2019}}{{cite web |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay |title=Champagne |url=http://www.eyeshot.net/champagne.html |website=Eyeshot |access-date=8 April 2019}}{{cite web |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay |title=Some Notes Regarding My Stint as Second-and-a-Half String Center on My Freshman Football Team, Circa 1983 |url=http://www.eyeshot.net/wexler1.html |website=Eyeshot |access-date=8 April 2019}}
=Academic articles=
Wexler has written numerous academic articles examining constitutional law,{{cite journal |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay |title=Constitutional Exaptation, Political Dysfunction, and the Recess Appointments Clause |journal=Boston University Law Review |date=2014 |volume=94 |page=807 |url=http://www.bu.edu/bulawreview/files/2014/08/WEXLERDYSFUNCTION1.pdf |access-date=12 April 2019}} law and religion,{{cite journal |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay |title=Some Thoughts on the First Amendment's Religion Clauses and Abner Greene's Against Obligation, With Reference to Patton Oswalt's Character "Paul from State Island" in the Film Big Fan |journal=Boston University Law Review |date=2013 |volume=93 |issue=4 |page=1363 |url=http://www.bu.edu/bulawreview/files/2013/10/WEXLER-Some-Thoughts.pdf |access-date=12 April 2019}}{{cite journal |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay |title=Government Disapproval of Religion |journal=Brigham Young University Law Review |date=2013 |volume=2013 |issue=1 |page=119 |url=https://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2703&context=lawreview |access-date=12 April 2019}}{{cite journal |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay |title=Protecting Religion Through Statute: The Mixed Case of the United States |journal=The Review of Faith & International Affairs |date=1 January 2007 |volume=5 |issue=3 |page=17 |doi=10.1080/15570274.2007.9523298 |s2cid=144973541 |doi-access=free }} Subscription needed.{{cite journal |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay D. |title=The Endorsement Court |journal=Washington University Journal of Law & Policy |date=2006 |volume=21 |page=263 |url=https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1231&context=law_journal_law_policy |access-date=3 May 2019}} environmental law,{{cite journal |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay D. |title=The (Non)Uniqueness of Environmental Law |journal=George Washington Law Review |date=February 2006 |volume=74 |issue=2 |page=260 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/gwlr74&i=272 |access-date=3 May 2019}} Subscription needed. and intersections thereof.Jay Wexler, "When Religion Pollutes: How Law Should Respond When Religious Practice Threatens Public Health?" in Law, Religion, and Health in the United States. New York: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|9781107164888}}. He has made significant contributions to the discourse surrounding the teaching of religion, particularly intelligent design, in American public schools.{{cite journal |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay D. |title=Intelligent Design and Judicial Minimalism: Further Thoughts on the 'Is it Science' Question |journal=University of St. Thomas Journal of Law and Public Policy |date=Fall 2009 |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=30 |url=https://ir.stthomas.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1036&context=ustjlpp |access-date=26 April 2019}}{{cite encyclopedia |last=Wexler |first=Jay D. |title=Religion in Public Schools|encyclopedia=The Child: An Encyclopedic Companion |date=2009 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0226475394}}Jay D. Wexler, "From the Classroom to the Courtroom: Intelligent Design and the Constitution" in Not in Our Classrooms: Why Intelligent Design is Wrong for Our Schools, p. 83 (Beacon Press, 2006).{{cite journal |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay D. |title=Intelligent Design and the First Amendment: A Response |journal=Washington University Law Quarterly |date=2006 |volume=84 |issue=1 |page=63 |url=https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1171&context=law_lawreview |access-date=3 May 2019}}{{cite journal |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay D. |title=Kitzmiller and the 'Is it Science?' Question |journal=First Amendment Law Review |date=Fall 2006 |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=90 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/falr5&i=94 |access-date=3 May 2019}} Subscription needed.{{cite journal |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay D. |title=Too Much, Too Little: Religion in the Public Schools |journal=University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender & Class |date=2006 |volume=6 |issue=1 |page=107 |url=https://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1096&context=rrgc |access-date=3 May 2019}}{{cite journal |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay D. |title=Darwin, Design, and Disestablishment: Teaching the Evolution Controversy in Public Schools |journal=Vanderbilt Law Review |date=2003 |volume=56 |issue=3 |page=751 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/vanlr56&id=765&men_tab=srchresults |access-date=26 April 2019}} Subscription needed.{{cite journal |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay D. |title=Preparing for the Clothed Public Square: Teaching About Religion, Civic Education, and the Constitution |journal=William and Mary Law Review |date=March 2002 |volume=43 |issue=3 |page=1159 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/wmlr43&id=1195&men_tab=srchresults |access-date=29 April 2019}} Subscription needed.{{cite journal |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay D. |title=Of Pandas, People, and the First Amendment: The Constitutionality of Teaching Intelligent Design in the Public Schools |journal=Stanford Law Review |date=January 1997 |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=439–470 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/stflr49&id=449&men_tab=srchresults |access-date=26 April 2019|doi=10.2307/1229302 |jstor=1229302 }}Subscription needed. Wexler's work has been published in journals such as the Journal of Interdisciplinary History,{{cite journal |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay |title=The Contract Clause: A Constitutional History by James W. Ely (review) |journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary History |date=Winter 2017 |volume=48 |issue=3 |page=415 |url=https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=shorter_works |access-date=19 April 2019|doi=10.1162/JINH_r_01179 |s2cid=148964517 }} the Journal of Legal Metrics,{{cite journal |last1=Hatton |first1=David |last2=Wexler |first2=Jay |title=The First Ever (Maybe) Original Jurisdiction Standings |journal=Journal of Legal Metrics |date=2012 |volume=1 |issue=1 |page=19 |url=https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1040&context=faculty_scholarship |access-date=19 April 2019}} Subscription needed. New England Law Review,{{cite journal |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay D. |title=Justice Ginsburg's Footnotes |journal=New England Law Review |date=2009 |volume=43 |issue=4 |page=855 |url=https://newenglrev.com/archive/volume-43/issue-4/v43b4wexler/ |access-date=29 April 2019 |archive-date=29 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829074336/https://newenglrev.com/archive/volume-43/issue-4/v43b4wexler/ |url-status=dead }} and Texas Law Review.{{cite journal |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay |title=I'm a Laycockian! (for the most part) (book review) |journal=Texas Law Review |date=2011 |volume=89 |issue=4 |page=935 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/tlr89&id=945&men_tab=srchresults |access-date=19 April 2019}} Subscription needed. His work has been cited by two federal circuit courts,{{cite court
| litigants = Bartnicki v. Vopper
| vol = 200
| reporter = F.3d
| opinion = 109
| pinpoint = 123
| court = 3rd Cir.
| date = 1999
| url= https://heinonline.org/HOL/CaseLawAuth?cid=476445&native_id=476445&rest=1&collection=fastcasefull}} Subscription needed.{{cite court
| litigants = Ernst J. v. Stone
| vol = 452
| reporter = F.3d
| opinion = 186
| pinpoint = 200
| court = 2nd Cir.
| date = 2006
| url= https://heinonline.org/HOL/CaseLawAuth?cid=5202431&native_id=5202431&rest=1&collection=fastcasefull}} Subscription needed. two federal district courts,{{cite court
| litigants = Selman v. Cobb County School District
| vol = 390
| reporter = F.Supp.2d
| opinion = 1286
| pinpoint = 1308
| court = United States District Court, N.D. Georgia
| date = 2005
| url= https://heinonline.org/HOL/CaseLawAuth?cid=4932112&native_id=4932112&rest=1&collection=fastcasefull}} Subscription needed.{{cite court
| litigants = Guzzi v. Thompson
| vol = 470
| reporter = F.Supp.2d
| opinion = 17
| pinpoint = 27
| court = United States District Court, D. Mass.
| date = 2007
| url= https://www.westlaw.com/Document/Ieda49a6fac8f11dbab489133ffb377e0/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)&VR=3.0&RS=cblt1.0}} Subscription needed. and the Vermont Supreme Court.{{cite court
| litigants = Baker v. State
| vol = 744
| reporter = A.2d
| opinion = 864
| pinpoint = 870
| court = Supreme Court of Vermont
| date = 1999
| url= https://heinonline.org/HOL/CaseLawAuth?cid=9284112&native_id=9284112&rest=1&collection=fastcasefull#fn3}} Subscription needed. His most cited articles include{{cite web |title=Jay Wexler |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=u51cyykAAAAJ&hl=en |website=Google Scholar |access-date=6 May 2019}}{{cite web |title=Wexler, Jay (HeinOnline Author Profile) |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/AuthorProfile?search_name=Wexler,%20Jay&1==1555694361 |website=HeinOnline |access-date=19 April 2019}} Subscription needed.
- "Defending the Middle Way: Intermediate Scrutiny as Judicial Minimalism", 66 George Washington Law Review 298 (1998): Wexler illustrates the merits of Cass Sunstein's judicial minimalism,{{cite journal |last1=Cudahy |first1=Richard D. |title=Nondelegation Doctrine: Rumors of Its Resurrection Prove Unfounded |journal=St. John's Journal of Legal Commentary |date=Winter 2002 |volume=16 |issue=1 |page=33, n.165 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?men_tab=srchresults&handle=hein.journals/sjjlc16&id=41&size=2&collection=journals&terms=66%20GEO.%20WASH.%20L.%20REv.%20298&termtype=phrase&set_as_cursor=50 |access-date=22 April 2019}} Subscription needed. discusses the intermediate scrutiny standard, argues that it is better than a sliding-scale approach,{{cite journal |last1=Stearns |first1=Maxwell |title=Obergefell, Fisher, and the Inversion of Tiers |journal=University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law |date=June 2017 |volume=19 |issue=5 |page=1066, n.120 |url=https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/jcl/vol19/iss5/1/ |access-date=19 April 2019}}{{cite journal |last1=Chemerinsky |first1=Erwin |title=The Rational Basis Test is Constitutional (and Desirable) |journal=Georgetown Journal of Law & Public Policy |date=Summer 2016 |volume=14 |issue=2 |page=405, n.15 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?men_tab=srchresults&handle=hein.journals/geojlap14&id=416&size=2&collection=journals&terms=66%20GEO.%20WASH.%20L.%20REv.%20298&termtype=phrase&set_as_cursor=36 |access-date=22 April 2019}} Subscription needed. but acknowledges the Supreme Court of the United States can manipulate this standard.{{cite journal |last1=Troy |first1=Daniel |title=Do We Have a Beef with the Court - Compelled Commercial Speech Upheld, but it Could Have Been Worse |journal=Cato Supreme Court Review |date=2004 |volume=2004-2005 |page=136, n.76 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/catoscrev4&id=150&men_tab=srchresults}} Subscription needed.{{cite journal |last1=Ross |first1=Susan Dente |title=Reconstructing First Amendment Doctrine: The 1990s (R)Evolution of the Central Hudson and O'Brien Tests |journal=Hastings Communications and Entertainment Law Journal |date=2000–2001 |volume=23 |issue=4 |page=725 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?men_tab=srchresults&handle=hein.journals/hascom23&id=739&size=2&collection=journals&terms=66%20Geo.%20Wash.%20L.%20Rev.%20298&termtype=phrase&set_as_cursor=24 |access-date=22 April 2019}} Subscription needed.{{cite journal |last1=Schraub |first1=David |title=The Price of Victory: Political Triumphs and Judicial Protection in the Gay Rights Movement |journal=University of Chicago Law Review |date=Summer 2010 |volume=77 |issue=3 |page=1445, n.50 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?men_tab=srchresults&handle=hein.journals/uclr77&id=1453&size=2&collection=journals&terms=66%20Geo%20Wash%20L%20Rev%20298&termtype=phrase&set_as_cursor=35 |access-date=22 April 2019}} Subscription needed.
- "Darwin, Design, and Disestablishment: Teaching the Evolution Controversy in Public Schools", 56 Vanderbilt Law Review 751 (2003): Wexler examines the Santorum Amendment to the No Child Left Behind Act{{cite journal |last1=Brauer |first1=Matthew J. |last2=Forrest |first2=Barbara |last3=Gey |first3=Steven G. |title=Is it Science Yet?: Intelligent Design Creationism and the Constitution |journal=Washington University Law Quarterly |date=2005 |volume=83 |issue=1 |page=111 |url=https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1229&context=law_lawreview |access-date=23 April 2019}} and finds that teaching intelligent design in public schools would violate the Establishment Clause.{{cite journal |last1=Shreve |first1=Gene |title=Religion, Science and the Secular State: Creationism in American Public Schools |journal=American Journal of Comparative Law |date=2010 |volume=58 |issue=Supplement |page=54, n.22 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/amcomp58&id=817&men_tab=srchresults |access-date=23 April 2019|doi=10.5131/ajcl.2009.0041 }} Subscription needed.
- "Of Pandas, People, and the First Amendment: The Constitutionality of Teaching Intelligent Design in the Public Schools", 49 Stanford Law Review 439 (1997): Wexler was one of the first legal scholars to contend that intelligent design is a religious belief and that teaching it in public schools would violate the Establishment Clause.{{cite journal |last1=DeWolf |first1=David K. |last2=DeForrest |first2=Stephen C. |last3=Edward |first3=Mark |title=Teaching the Origins Controversy: Science, or Religion, or Speech |journal=Utah Law Review |date=2000 |volume=2000 |issue=1 |page=79 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/utahlr2000&id=89&men_tab=srchresults |access-date=24 April 2019}} Subscription needed. He argued intelligent design should be considered religious belief regardless of whether it is evaluated under a "content-based" or a "functional" definition of religion.{{cite journal |last1=Bauer |first1=David R. |title=Resolving the Controversy Over Teaching the Controversy: The Constitutionality of Teaching Intelligent Design in Public Schools |journal=Fordham Law Review |date=November 2006 |volume=75 |issue=2 |page=1046 |url=http://fordhamlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/assets/pdfs/Vol_75/Bauer_November.pdf |access-date=23 April 2019}} Wexler noted that intelligent design could also be considered scientific, but that the religious nature of the theory should preclude it being taught in public schools.{{cite journal |last1=House |first1=H.Wayne |title=Darwinism and the Law: Can Non-Naturalistic Scientific Theories Survive Constitutional Challenge? |journal=Regent University Law Review |date=2000–2001 |volume=13 |issue=2 |page=437 |url=https://www.regent.edu/acad/schlaw/student_life/studentorgs/lawreview/docs/issues/v13n2/13RegentULRev355.pdf |access-date=24 April 2019}} Conversely, he argued that evolution is scientific and should not be considered a religious belief because "[i]t does not address the question of origins nor does it postulate the meaning of life. It deals only with proximate causes, not ultimate ones."{{cite journal |last1=Beckwith |first1=Francis J. |title=Public Education, Religious Establishment, and the Challenge of Intelligent Design |journal=Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy |date=2003 |volume=17 |issue=2 |page=490 |url=https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndjlepp/vol17/iss2/4/ |access-date=24 April 2019}}(Citing Jay D. Wexler, Note, Of Pandas, People, and the First Amendment: The Constitutionality of Teaching Intelligent Design in the Public Schools, 49 Stanford Law Review 439, 462 (1997)).
- "Preparing for the Clothed Public Square: Teaching about Religion, Civic Education, and the Constitution", 43 William and Mary Law Review 1159 (2001-2002): Wexler distinguishes teaching about religion from teaching religious beliefs, and argues children should be taught about various religions that exert significant influence in societies around the world.{{cite journal |last1=Shriffin |first1=Steven H. |title=The Pluralistic Foundations of the Religion Clauses |journal=Cornell Law Review |date=November 2004 |volume=90 |issue=1 |page=86 |url=http://cornelllawreview.org/files/2013/03/Shiffrinfinal.pdf |access-date=24 April 2019 |archive-date=9 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809005451/http://cornelllawreview.org/files/2013/03/Shiffrinfinal.pdf |url-status=dead }}{{cite journal |last1=Berg |first1=Thomas C. |title=What's Right and Wrong with No Endorsement |journal=Washington University Journal of Law & Policy |date=2006 |volume=21 |page=311 |url=https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1232&context=law_journal_law_policy |access-date=24 April 2019}}
Honors and awards
Wexler received numerous awards as a student at Stanford Law School. He was awarded the Steven M. Block Civil Liberties Award and the Irving J. Hellmann Jr. Award for his student note{{cite journal |last1=Wexler |first1=Jay |title=Of Pandas, People, and the First Amendment: The Constitutionality of Teaching Intelligent Design in the Public Schools |journal=Stanford Law Review |date=1997 |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=439–470 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/stflr49&div=21&g_sent=1&casa_token=&collection=journals |access-date=21 March 2019|doi=10.2307/1229302 |jstor=1229302 }} Subscription needed. published in the Stanford Law Review.{{cite news |last1=Hellyer |first1=Constance |title=Law School graduates 214 students; honors Professor William B. Rubenstein |url=https://news.stanford.edu/pr/97/970618lawcomm.html |access-date=18 March 2019 |work=Stanford News |publisher=Stanford University News Service |date=17 June 1997 |archive-date=15 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015201857/https://news.stanford.edu/pr/97/970618lawcomm.html |url-status=dead }}
Wexler is a two-time Fulbright Scholar (2007–2008{{cite web |title=Fulbright Scholar List Archive |url=https://www.cies.org/fulbright-scholar-list-archive |access-date=22 March 2019}} and 2014–2015{{cite web |title=Fulbright Scholar Directory |url=https://www.cies.org/fulbright-scholars?field_first_name_value=Jay&field_last_name_value=Wexler&field_field_of_study_term_tid=All&title=&field_project_title_value=&title_1=&field_grant_dates_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bdate%5D=&field_grant_dates_value2%5Bvalue%5D%5Bdate%5D= |access-date=22 March 2019}}), and was selected for the Michael Melton Award for Excellence in Teaching in 2009.
See also
References
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Category:American scholars of constitutional law
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Category:University of Chicago Divinity School alumni