Jayyous

Jayyus (including Khirbet Sir) is located {{convert|7|km|mi|sp=us}}-{{convert|9|km|mi|sp=us}} northeast of Qalqiliya. It is bordered by Baqat al Hatab and Kafr Laqif to the east, Kafr Jamal, Kafr Zibad and Kafr ‘Abbush to the south, ‘Azzun, ‘Izbat at Tabib, An Nabi Elyas and ‘Arab Abu Farda to the west, and the Green Line to the north.

At Khirbet Sir, just east of Jayyus, two rock-cut tombs have been found, with a large mound with terraces cut in the sides, and a good well below.Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/198/mode/1up 198] Byzantine ceramics have also been found.Dauphin, 1998, p. 978

Jayyus was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Bani Sa'b of the Liwa of Nablus. It had a population of 24 households and 6 bachelors, all Muslim. The villagers paid taxes on wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, occasional revenues, goats and/or beehives; a total of 11,746 akçe. Half of the revenue went to a Muslim charitable endowment.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 140

According to historian Roy Marom, in the 18th or early 19th centuries, residents of Jayyous affiliated with the Qaysi camp during the Qays and Yaman conflicts, alongside residents of Deir Abu Mash'al and part of the residents of Bayt Nabala. They fought several skirmishes against Yamani rivals from Qibya and Dayr Tarif.{{Cite journal |last=Marom |first=Roy |date=2022-11-01 |title=Jindās: A History of Lydda's Rural Hinterland in the 15th to the 20th Centuries CE |url=https://www.academia.edu/90931976/Jind%C4%81s_A_History_of_Lyddas_Rural_Hinterland_in_the_15th_to_the_20th_Centuries_CE |journal=Lod, Lydda, Diospolis |volume=1 |pages=14}}

In 1838, Robinson noted the village, called Jiyus, as being in the Beni Sa'ab district, west of Nablus.Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/127/mode/1up 127]

In the 1860s, the Ottoman authorities granted the village an agricultural plot of land called Ghabat Jayyus in the former confines of the Forest of Arsur (Ar. Al-Ghaba) in the coastal plain, west of the village.Marom, Roy, "The Contribution of Conder's Tent Work in Palestine for the Understanding of Shifting Geographical, Social and Legal Realities in the Sharon during the Late Ottoman Period", in Gurevich D. and Kidron, A. (eds.), Exploring the Holy Land: 150 Years of the Palestine Exploration Fund, Sheffield, UK, Equinox (2019), pp. 212-231{{Cite web |last=Marom |first=Roy |year=2022 |title=The Oak Forest of the Sharon (al-Ghaba) in the Ottoman Period: New Insights from Historical- Geographical Studies, Muse 5, |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2pc5867s |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=escholarship.org}}

In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya (sub-district) of Bani Sa'b.{{Cite book |last=Grossman |first=David |title=Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine |publisher=Magnes Press |year=2004 |location=Jerusalem |pages=255}}

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Jiyus as a "moderate-sized stone village on a ridge, with olives to the south-east. It appears to be an ancient site, having rock-cut tombs and ancient wells."Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/165/mode/1up 165]

In the 19th century and early 20th century the village was dominated by the Palestinian el-Jayusah or Jayyusi clan.Macalister, 1905, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme37pale#page/355/mode/1up 355]-356

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Jaiyus had a population of 433, all Muslims,Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Tulkarem, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n30/mode/1up 28] increasing in the 1931 census to 569, again all Muslim, in a total of 147 houses.Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 55]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Jayyus consisted of 830 MuslimsDepartment of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p20.jpg 20] with a land area of 12,571 dunams according to an official land and population survey.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Tulkarm/Page-075.jpg 75] Of this, 1,556 dunams were designated for plantations and irrigable land, 2,155 for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Tulkarm/Page-125.jpg 125] while 22 dunams were built-up areas.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Tulkarm/Page-175.jpg 175]

File:Jaiyus 1943.jpg|Jayyous 1943 1:20,000

File:Azzun 1945.jpg|Jayyous 1945 1:250,000

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Jayyus came under Jordanian rule.

File:WBEnclaves.jpg

Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Jayyus has been under Israeli occupation.

After the 1995 accords, 26.6% of Jayyus land is defined as Area B land, while the remaining 73.4% is defined as Area C land.[http://vprofile.arij.org/qalqiliya/pdfs/vprofile/jayyus_vp_en.pdf Jayyus Town Profile (including Khirbet Sir Locality)], ARIJ, p. 17

The village is located in an area directly affected by the Israeli-built barrier and around 75 per cent of the village's farming land is on the other side of the wall.[https://www.un.org/unrwa/emergency/barrier/case_studies/permits.pdf UNRWA] In order to get to their land the farmers need to use one of two gates, North gate or South gate, or gates number 943 and 979 respectively. The two gates are supposed to be open for three short periods a day. In June 2005, the gates were usually closed, and farmers were staging regular protests at the gates. As of February 2007, the gates are open for only three hours per day - one hour each morning, afternoon and evening on average.

In 2002, Jayyus became the first village to mount a non-violent campaign with Israeli and international participation against the construction of the wall and the expansion of settlements on its land.{{Cite news |last=Omar |first=Sharif |date=17 August 2003 |title=Israel's wall hems in livelihoods — and dreams |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/editorials/2003-08-17-omar_x.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805064734/https://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/editorials/2003-08-17-omar_x.htm |archive-date=5 August 2011 |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=USA Today}} According to The Financial Times, 50 percent of the once-prosperous Jayyus villagers are now dependent on foreign food aid because their agricultural land has been cut off by the wall.[https://web.archive.org/web/20061008165203/http://www.catdestroyshomes.org/article.php?id=528 Palestinian farmers fear advance of West Bank wall], by Sharmila Devi, The Financial Times, September 23rd, 2006 In January 2005 Ta'ayush activists along with Gush Shalom, the Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions, Machsom Watch and Anarchists Against the Wall, together with residents of the Palestinian village, began to plant hundreds of olive saplings which they had brought with them to the plot of land where the bulldozers of the settlers had uprooted hundreds of olive trees. Advocate Wiam Shbeyta, an activist of the Ta'ayush movement, said:

"In spite of the police and army assertions, we do not recognise the ownership of the settlers over this land. This land belongs to the Jayyus villagers and the company "Geulat HaKarka" which is associated with the settlers took control of it on the false assertion that it was sold to them. The matter is still awaiting legal review, and we will not allow the settlers to dictate facts on the ground, to grab Palestinian lands and to commence establishing a new settlement on it."[http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO0501/S00017.htm Scoop Independent world news from a Gush Shalom column]

According to ARIJ, Israel confiscated 753 dunums of land from Jayyus in order to construct the Israeli settlement of Tzofim.

Falkirk, Scotland, maintains a sister-city partnership with Jayyus.{{Cite web |url=http://www.antoninefriendshiplink.co.uk/ |title=The Antonine Friendship Link |access-date=2022-02-25 |archive-date=2008-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907105304/http://www.antoninefriendshiplink.co.uk/ |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.twinningwithpalestine.net/groups-westbank.html |title=Twinning with Palestine |access-date=2008-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512075454/http://www.twinningwithpalestine.net/groups-westbank.html |archive-date=2008-05-12 |url-status=dead }}

Residents of the village originated from the village of Beita, near Nablus, and Majdal Yaba, a now depopulated village near Rosh HaAyin.Grossman, D. (1986). "Oscillations in the Rural Settlement of Samaria and Judaea in the Ottoman Period". in Shomron studies. Dar, S., Safrai, S., (eds). Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House. p. 346

{{reflist|25em}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite book | editor =Barron, J.B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 |url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 |publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
• {{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|authorlink1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|authorlink2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund|volume=2}}
• {{cite book |last= Dauphin |first = C.|author-link= Claudine Dauphin | title = La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ |volume = III : Catalogue | series = BAR International Series 726 | year = 1998 | publisher = Archeopress | location = Oxford|language =French|isbn= 0-860549-05-4}}
• {{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Department of Statistics|year=1945|publisher=Government of Palestine}}
• {{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|authorlink=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
• {{cite book | last1= Hütteroth |first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth |first2=K. | last2=Abdulfattah |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah | title = Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ | year = 1977 | publisher = Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|isbn= 3-920405-41-2}}
• {{cite journal | author =Macalister, R.A.S.| authorlink=R. A. Stewart Macalister| title = The modern inhabitants of Palestine | journal = Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund | volume = 37 | pages = 343–356 | url = https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme37pale| year = 1905| doi=10.1179/peq.1905.37.4.343}}
• {{cite book|editor = Mills, E.|title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}
• {{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|authorlink=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund}}
• {{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|authorlink1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|authorlink2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838| location=Boston|publisher=Crocker & Brewster|volume=3}}

{{refend}}

• [http://www.palestineremembered.com/GeoPoints/Jayyus_1206/index.html Welcome To Jayyus]
• Survey of Western Palestine, Map 11: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8373 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.11.jpg Wikimedia commons]
• [http://vprofile.arij.org/qalqiliya/pdfs/factsheet/jayyus_fs_en.pdf Jayyus Town (including Khirbet Sir) (Fact Sheet)], Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem (ARIJ)
• [http://vprofile.arij.org/qalqiliya/pdfs/vprofile/jayyus_vp_en.pdf Jayyus Town Profile (including Khirbet Sir Locality)], ARIJ
• [http://vprofile.arij.org/qalqiliya/images/english/Jayyus_ap_en.jpg Jayyus, aerial photo], ARIJ
• [http://vprofile.arij.org/qalqiliya/pdfs/needsfordevelopment/jayyus_n_en.pdf Development priorities and needs in Jayyus (including Khirbet Sir Locality)], ARIJ
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060705182718/http://www.jayyousonline.org/jayyous_news.htm Jayyous News] {{in lang|ar}}.
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060819040112/http://www.jayyousonline.org/englishweb/englishindex.htm Jayyous news and information]
• [https://www.un.org/unrwa/emergency/barrier/profiles/jayous.html Effects of the barrier on Jayyous from the UNRWA website]
• [https://www.un.org/unrwa/emergency/barrier/case_studies/permits.pdf UNRWA Case Study on Jayyous and Falamyeh]
• [http://pamolson.org/Week18.htm An essay about olive harvest in Jayyous and effects of military occupation and property destruction]
• [http://www.antoninefriendshiplink.co.uk The Antonine Friendship Link] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907105304/http://www.antoninefriendshiplink.co.uk/ |date=2008-09-07 }}

{{Qalqilya Governorate}}

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Category:Villages in the West Bank

Category:Qalqilya Governorate

Category:Municipalities of Palestine