Jean-Louis Barrault

{{short description|French actor and theatre director (1910–1994)}}

{{Infobox person

| name = Jean-Louis Barrault

| image = Jean Louis Barrault 1952.jpg

| caption = Barrault, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1952

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1910|09|08|df=y}}

| birth_place = Le Vésinet, France

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1994|01|22|1910|09|08|df=y}}

| death_place = Paris, France

| spouse = {{marriage|Madeleine Renaud|1940}}

}}

Jean-Louis Bernard Barrault ({{IPA|fr|ʒɑ̃ lwi bɛʁnaʁ baʁo|lang}}; 8 September 1910 – 22 January 1994) was a French actor, director and mime artist who worked on both screen and stage.

Biography

Barrault was born in Le Vésinet in France in 1910. His father was 'a Burgundian pharmacist who died in the First World War.'{{Cite book|last=Lust|first=Annette|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6TagVnhLDW0C&q=Jean-Louis+Barrault|title=From the Greek Mimes to Marcel Marceau and Beyond: Mimes, Actors, Pierrots, and Clowns : a Chronicle of the Many Visages of Mime in the Theatre|date=19 November 2002|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-4593-0|language=en}}^:87 He studied at the Collége Chaptal until 1930, when he began his studies at the École du Louvre.^:87

= Theatre =

From 1931 to 1935 Barrault studied and acted at Charles Dullin's L'Atelier.{{Cite book|last1=Osnes|first1=Beth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WTkCI62oXjEC&q=Barrault+L'Atelier+1935&pg=PA32|title=Acting: An International Encyclopedia|last2=Osnes|first2=Mary|date=2001|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-87436-795-9|language=en}}^:32 His first performance was a small role in Ben Jonson's Volpone. At the time, Barrault was unable to afford rent and Dullin allowed him to sleep in the theatre on Volpone's bed.{{Cite journal|last1=Arnold|first1=Paul|last2=Cohn|first2=Ruby|date=1963|title=The Artaud Experiment|journal=The Tulane Drama Review|volume=8|issue=2|pages=15–29|doi=10.2307/1124697|jstor=1124697|issn=0886-800X}}^:16 It was L'Atelier that he first met and studied under Étienne Decroux,{{Cite book|last=Leabhart|first=Thomas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2kVdDwAAQBAJ&q=barrault+at+l'atelier&pg=PA41|title=Modern and Post-Modern Mime|date=15 September 1989|publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education|isbn=978-1-349-20192-1|language=en}}^:41 with whom he would create the pantomime La Vie Primitive in 1931.^:87

He was a member of the Comédie-Française from 1942 to 1946, performing lead roles in Shakespeare's Hamlet and Corneille's Le Cid.^:32 He and his wife, actress Madeleine Renaud, formed their own troupe, Compagnie Renaud-Barrault, in 1946 at Paris' Théâtre Marigny.{{Cite book|last=Murray|first=Simon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BzJDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT6|title=Jacques Lecoq|date=14 December 2017|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-351-33549-2|language=en}}^:161 In 1951 he published his memoirs, Reflections on the Theatre.Jean-Louis Barrault, Reflections on the Theatre. London: Rockcliff, 1951

He was made director of Théâtre de France in 1959, and remained in the role until 1969. In 1971 he was reappointed director of Théâtre des Nations. He retired from the theatre in 1990.^:87

= Film =

In 1935 he had his first film role in Marc Allégret's Les Beaux Jours.^:87 He would go on to act in nearly 50 movies over the course of his career. One of his most famous performances was in Marcel Carné's film Les Enfants du Paradis (1945), in which he played the mime Jean-Gaspard Deburau.^:161

Personal life

He was the uncle of actress Marie-Christine Barrault and sometime sponsor of Peter Brook.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} In 1940, he married the actress Madeleine Renaud. They founded a number of theaters together and toured extensively, including in South America.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}}

Death

Barrault died from a heart attack in Paris on 22 January 1994, at the age of 83.^:87 He is buried with his wife Madeleine in the Passy Cemetery in Paris.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}}