Jean-Pierre Claris de Florian

Jean-Pierre Claris de Florian was born on 6 March 1755 in the château de Florian, located near Sauve, Gard, France. His mother, Gilette de Salgues (originally from Spain), died when he was a child. He was then brought up by his grandfather and studied at St. Hippolyte. His uncle and guardian, the Marquis of Florian, who had married a niece of Voltaire, introduced him at the château de Ferney, and in 1768 he became page at Anet in the household of the Duc de Penthièvre, who remained his friend throughout his life. Having studied for some time at the artillery school at Bapaume he obtained a captain's commission in the dragoon regiment of Penthièvre from his patron.{{Clarify|reason=Was his patron the lifetime friend mentioned above? If not, who was his patron?|date=March 2025}}{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=539}}

He left the army soon after, began to write comedies, and was elected to the L'Académie Française in 1788. At the outbreak of the French Revolution, he retired to Sceaux but was soon discovered and imprisoned.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=540}} Although Robespierre's death spared him, he died from tuberculosis a few months later on 13 September 1794 while still in prison.His death certificate, dated 27 fructidor, year II (French Republican calendar) is available online at [http://www.sceaux.fr/fileadmin/Arbo/Sceaux/archives_en_ligne/registres_paroissiaux/E_E37_SEPULTURE.pdf Archives municipales de Sceaux] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205035418/http://www.sceaux.fr/fileadmin/Arbo/Sceaux/archives_en_ligne/registres_paroissiaux/E_E37_SEPULTURE.pdf |date=December 5, 2008 }}

File:Bust of Jean-Pierre Claris de Florian.JPG

File:Fables de Florian 1845 (8324307) (cropped).jpg,
(ca. 1842) from a 1845 edition of Fables de Florian, published by Garniers Brothers, Paris]]

To later readers, Florian was chiefly known as the author of pretty fables well suited as reading for the young, but his contemporaries praised him also for his poetical and pastoral novels. He also abridged and imitated the works of Cervantes.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=540}}

Florian's first literary efforts were comedies; his verse epistle Voltaire et le serf du Mont Jura and an eclogue Ruth were recognized by L'Académie Française in 1782 and 1784 respectively. In 1782 also he produced a one-act prose comedy, Le Bon Ménage; then, in 1783, Galatie, a romantic tale in imitation of the Galatea of Cervantes, appeared. Other short tales and comedies followed, and in 1786 Numa Pompilius, an undisguised imitation of Fénelon's Telémaque,{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=540}} was distributed.

In 1788, he became a member of L'Académie Française, and published Estelle, a pastoral in the same class as Galatie. Estelle was followed by L'Histoire des Maures d'Espagne in 1791, and then another romance, Gonzalve de Cordoue, in 1792. One of his more well-known works, particularly amongst children, Fables de Florian appeared in 1802. Among his posthumous works are La Jeunesse de Florian, ou Mémoires d'un Jeune Espagnol (1807), and an abridgment (1809) of Don Quixote, which, though far from being a correct representation of the original, had great success.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=540}}

Florian imitated Salomon Gessner, the Swiss idyllist, and his style had all the artificial delicacy and sentimentality of the Gessnerian school. Perhaps the nearest example of the class in English literature was afforded by John Wilson's Lights and Shadows of Scottish Life (written as Christopher North). Among the best of his fables were reckoned The Monkey showing the Magic Lantern, The Blind Man and the Paralytic, and The Monkeys and the Leopard.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=540}}

;FablesThe entire set of his fables can be found at [http://www.shanaweb.net/florian/la-vie-de-florian.htm Jean-Pierre Claris de Florian et les fables] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612144726/http://shanaweb.net/florian/la-vie-de-florian.htm |date=June 12, 2010 }}, Shanaweb.net

• The Blind man and the Paralytic
• The Monkey and the Magic Lantern
• The Monkeys and the Leopard
• The Fable and the Truth
• The Crocodile and the Sturgeon
• The Child and the Mirror
• The Old Tree and the Gardener
• The Nightingale and the Prince
• The Two Travelers
• The Cricket (also known as True Happiness)

;Theatre

• Les Deux Billets (1779)
• Le Bon Ménage (1782)
• Le Bon Père (1784)
• Les Jumeaux de Bergame (1782)

;Other

• Pastorales
• Variétés et contes en vers
• Plaisir d'amour, a song
• Mémoires d'un jeune Espagnol

Florian wrote a collection of fables from which several expressions have passed into colloquial French:

• Pour vivre heureux, vivons cachés: "In order to live happily, live hidden"
• Chacun son métier, les vaches seront bien gardées: "To each his occupation, and the cows will be well guarded."
• Rira bien qui rira le dernier: "He who laughs last laughs best."

The expression éclairer la lanterne ("light the lantern") is also drawn from Florian's fables.

His most famous verse is Plaisir d'amour, a poem he put in his story Celestine. The verse became a song which has survived to the 21st century. (See, for example, versions by Charlotte Church (2001) and Andrea Botticelli (2002).)

Blason: Or an eagle sable on a chief azure a sun or (the coat of arms of his birthplace of Florian) to which the eagle looks (for difference).{{cite web|url=https://www.heraldica.org/topics/famous/writers.htm|title=An Armory of Famous Writers|website=www.heraldica.org}}

• Florian, Fables, edited by Jean-Noël Pascal, Ferney-Voltaire, Centre international d'étude du XVIIIe siècle, 2005, {{ISBN|2-84559-032-6}}
• Florian le fabuliste by Jean-Luc Gourdin, biography, Ramsay, 2003.
• Florian, l'homme à fables, illustrated by Jean-François Ramirez, collection of 40 fables selected by Florian Mantione, 1997, Edition Athéna-Paris

{{portal|Poetry}}

• Fable

{{Reflist}}

• {{EB1911|wstitle=Florian, Jean Pierre Claris de|volume=10|pages=539–540}}
• {{catholic|wstitle=Jean-Pierre Claris, Chevalier de Florian}}

{{wikisource|1=Author:Jean Pierre Claris de Florian|2=Jean-Pierre Claris de Florian}}

{{commons category-inline}}

• {{Gutenberg author|id=36033}}
• [https://archive.today/20121223235024/http://cesar.org.uk/cesar2/people/people.php?fct=edit&person_UOID=100227 Complete works for Theatre] on the site [http://cesar.org.uk CÉSAR]
• [https://books.google.com/books?id=2NU5AAAAcAAJ&q=Jean-Pierre+Claris+de+Florian+++theatre The Text of Théatre Italien vol.2]
• [http://www.baxleystamps.com/litho/hasegawa/florian_a.shtml The 1895 illustrated Japanese edition of the first volume of the Fables]
• [http://www.academie-francaise.fr/les-immortels/jean-pierre-claris-de-florian Official page at the Académie française]
• {{Internet Archive author |sname=Jean-Pierre Claris de Florian}}
• {{Librivox author |id=5598}}

{{Académie française Seat 29}}

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Category:1755 births

Category:1794 deaths

Category:18th-century French dramatists and playwrights

Category:18th-century French poets

Category:Félibres

Category:18th-century French male writers

Category:18th-century deaths from tuberculosis

Category:People from Gard

Category:Spanish–French translators

Category:French people of Spanish descent

Category:French novelists

Category:Members of the Académie Française

Category:French fabulists

Category:Tuberculosis deaths in France

Category:18th-century French translators