Jean-Raymond Boulle

Boulle worked for the De Beers Diamond Trading Company (DTC) for ten years, in Zaire, Sierra Leone and Antwerp, Belgium, and then established Boulle Inc. in Dallas, Texas.{{cite news

| url = https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/mining-promoter-boulle-hit-with-huge-tax-bill/article708526/

| title = Mr. Boulle got his start in the business working in Africa for De Beers

| work = The Globe and Mail

| date = 8 May 2006

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161220025617/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/mining-promoter-boulle-hit-with-huge-tax-bill/article708526/

| archive-date = 20 December 2016

| url-status = live

| last1 = Waldie

| first1 = Paul

}}

In 1984, he began exploring for diamonds, first in Minnesota, then in Arkansas. In 1987 he formed Arkansas Diamond Development Co., to carry out exploration work on the Crater of Diamonds State Park in Arkansas.{{cite news

| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/20/us/arkansas-allowing-4-companies-to-explore-public-diamond-mine.html

| title = Arkansas Allowing 4 Companies To Explore Public Diamond Mine

| work = The New York Times

| date = 20 November 1989

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171220010710/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/20/us/arkansas-allowing-4-companies-to-explore-public-diamond-mine.html

| archive-date = 20 December 2017

| url-status = live

}}

Boulle was chairman, founder and CEO as well as a major shareholder of Diamond Fields Resources (TSE:DFR){{cite web

| url = http://www.diamondfields.com/s/Management.asp

| title = Diamond Fields International Ltd. - Management – Thu Mar 23, 2017

| access-date = 23 March 2017

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170421060433/http://www.diamondfields.com/s/management.asp

| archive-date = 21 April 2017

| url-status = live

}} which commenced trading on the Vancouver Stock Exchange on 6 April 1993 and, in late 1994, discovered nickel, copper and cobalt ore bodies at Voisey's Bay Mine in Labrador, Canada. The Voisey's Bay Mine deposit was estimated to contain 141 million tonnes at 1.6% nickel.Voisey's Bay Discovery Boulle and Robert Friedland worked together in the vehicle and, in 1996, the Voisey's Bay Mine Project was purchased by Inco for CND$4.3 billion.{{cite web

| url = http://www.mining.com/web/infographic-the-story-of-voiseys-bay-the-auction

| title = The story of Voisey's Bay – the auction 'the total value' of the Voiseys bay deal was 'closer to $4.3 billion'

| publisher = Mining.com

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171215054102/http://www.mining.com/web/infographic-the-story-of-voiseys-bay-the-auction/

| archive-date = 15 December 2017

| url-status = live

}} Boulle's next company, Diamond Fields International is involved in seafloor mining with interests in mining deposits around the world.{{cite web

| url = http://www.scidev.net/global/biodiversity/feature/what-might-red-sea-mining-bring-to-saudi-arabia-and-sudan-.html

| title = What might Red Sea mining bring to Saudi Arabia and Sudan?

| last = SciDev.Net

| access-date = 23 March 2017

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170626180534/http://www.scidev.net/global/biodiversity/feature/what-might-red-sea-mining-bring-to-saudi-arabia-and-sudan-.html

| archive-date = 26 June 2017

| url-status = live

}}

His Boulle Mining Group is headquartered in Luxembourg and in 1995 founded American Mineral Fields (later renamed Adastra Minerals), listed on the London Stock Exchange's Alternative Investment Market and the Toronto Stock Exchange. Adastra Minerals developed mining projects in the Democratic Republic of Congo and a joint venture with the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo to re-treat the Kolwezi tailings project. Adastra Minerals was purchased in August 2006 by First Quantum Minerals, a mining company then with dual listings on the Toronto Stock Exchange{{cite web

| url = https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/FM:CN

| title = Bloomberg : First Quantum Minerals Listing on Toronto Stock Exchange ("TSE")

| publisher = Bloomberg

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171215111227/https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/FM:CN

| archive-date = 15 December 2017

| url-status = live

}} and the London Stock Exchange (until 31 May 2016).{{cite web

| url = http://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/news/market-news/market-news-detail/FQM/12797175.html

| title = First Quantum Minerals – FQM NOTICE OF INTENDED DELISTING

| publisher = London Stock Exchange

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170103203055/http://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/news/market-news/market-news-detail/FQM/12797175.html

| archive-date = 3 January 2017

| url-status = live

}} In 2001, Boulle acquired the Sierra Rutile Project (a producer of natural rutile) and of the Sierra Minerals SML Bauxite Mine in Sierra Leone, West Africa which became part of Titanium Resources Group, taken public on the London Stock Exchange's Alternative Investment Market in August 2005.{{cite web

| url = https://www.faegrebd.com/74-million-aim-ipo-for-bvi-headquartered-mining-company-with

| title = AUGUST 2005 :'Titanium Resources Group Ltd. on its admission to AIM. The listing allowed the company to re-open its mines in Sierra Leone, restoring the country's position as a significant provider of raw materials to the world markets'

| publisher = FAEGRE BAKER DANIELS

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171215111532/https://www.faegrebd.com/74-million-aim-ipo-for-bvi-headquartered-mining-company-with

| archive-date = 15 December 2017

| url-status = live

}}

His mining group's subsidiary company, Greenland Gold Resources Ltd{{cite web

| url = http://nickelinvestingnews.com/tag/greenland-gold-resources

| title = Greenland gold resources News – Investing News Network

| access-date = 23 March 2017

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140310154940/http://nickelinvestingnews.com/tag/greenland-gold-resources

| archive-date = 10 March 2014

| url-status = live

}} is in Greenland exploring for nickel, copper, cobalt, platinum group elements, titanium and graphite.{{cite web

| url = https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=145508919

| title = Metals and Mining – Company Overview of Boulle Mining Group S.A.R.L.

| publisher = Bloomberg

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171215111104/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=145508919

| archive-date = 15 December 2017

| url-status = live

}} His other Greenland Company, Greenland Anorthosite,{{cite web|url=https://gam.gl/|title=Greenland Anorthosite|access-date=21 December 2022}} has attracted co-investment from the Danish national investment fund Vækstfonden, the Greenland State investment company Greenland Venture A/S and the Greenlandic pension fund SISA.{{cite web|url=https://www.mining-journal.com/base-metals/news/1402040/greenland-anorthosite-mine-gets-pension-backing|title=Greenland anorthosite mine gets pension backing|date=7 January 2021 |access-date=21 December 2022}}

In December 2014, Boulle's company Tendyne Holdings Inc. announced the first successful human Mitral Valve implant at the Royal Brompton Hospital in London, England.{{cite web

| url = http://www.rbht.nhs.uk/media/press-releases/archive/worlds-first-implantation-of-new-heart-valve-at-royal-brompton-hospital/

| title = 'World's first implantation of new heart valve at Royal Brompton Hospital'

| publisher = NHS Foundation Trust

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171215111704/http://www.rbht.nhs.uk/media/press-releases/archive/worlds-first-implantation-of-new-heart-valve-at-royal-brompton-hospital/

| archive-date = 15 December 2017

| url-status = live

}}{{cite press release

|url = http://www.thestreet.com/story/12972237/2/tendyne-announces-successful-first-human-implants-of-the-tendyne-transcatheter-mitral-valve-implant-tmvi.html

|title = Tendyne Announces Successful First Human Implants of the Tendyne Transcatheter Mitral Valve Implant (TMVI)

|agency = PR Newswire

|via = TheStreet

|date = 2 December 2014

|access-date = 23 March 2017

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305011402/http://www.thestreet.com/story/12972237/2/tendyne-announces-successful-first-human-implants-of-the-tendyne-transcatheter-mitral-valve-implant-tmvi.html

|archive-date = 5 March 2016

|url-status = dead

}}

In September 2015, an agreement was reached with Abbott Laboratories to acquire Tendyne Holdings Inc.for a total consideration of US$400 million ($250M plus regulatory-based milestones), excluding Abbott Laboratories' existing 10% of the company.

{{cite press release

|url = https://abbott.mediaroom.com/2015-09-02-Abbott-Completes-Acquisition-of-Tendyne-Holdings-Inc

|title = ABBOTT COMPLETES ACQUISITION OF TENDYNE HOLDINGS, INC.

|first = Abbott

|last = Media Room

|date = 2 September 2015

|access-date = 7 February 2020

}}

In February 2020, the Tendyne transcatheter mitral heart valve implant which Boulle's Tendyne Holdings Inc. had developed received CE Mark approval from the European Union and became the first commercially available mitral valve replacement technology.{{cite press release

|url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/PR-CO-20200130-909301

|title = Abbott's Tendyne(TM) Device Receives World's First CE Mark for Transcatheter Mitral Valve Implantation

|via = Wall Street Journal

|date = 30 January 2020

|url-status=dead

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206121527/https://www.wsj.com/articles/PR-CO-20200130-909301

|archive-date=2020-02-06

|url-access = subscription

|access-date = 7 February 2020}}{{Cite journal |title=Tendyne™ valve that is the only CE approved transcatheter mitral valve implant. |date=2020 |pmc=7793646 |last1=Dahle |first1=G. |journal=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine |volume=7 |doi=10.3389/fcvm.2020.592909 |doi-access=free |pmid=33425997 }}

'Trained immunity': Boulle's company Trained Therapeutix Discovery and its co-founders Professor Mihai Netea and Leo Joosten have revealed that the innate immune systems have adaptive characteristics. This de facto innate immune memory was coined 'trained immunity' by Mihai Netea.{{cite journal|pmid=32132681|vauthors=Netea MG, Domínguez-Andrés J, Barreiro LB, Chavakis T, Divangahi M, Fuchs E, Joosten LA, van der Meer JW, Mhlanga MM, Mulder WJ, Riksen NP, Schlitzer A, Schultze JL, Stabell Benn C, Sun JC, Xavier RJ, Latz E |date=2020 |title=Defining trained immunity and its role in health and disease |journal=Nature Reviews. Immunology |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=375–388 |doi=10.1038/s41577-020-0285-6|pmc=7186935 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.stemcell.com/trained-immunity-mihai-netea.html/|title="Trained Immunity" Featuring Dr. Mihai Netea|publisher=STEMCELL Technologies |access-date=24 November 2022}}{{cite journal|pmid=24356292|pmc=3946366|vauthors=Levy O, Wynn JL |date=2014|title=A Prime Time for Trained Immunity: Innate Immune Memory in Newborns & Infants |journal=Neonatology|volume=105|issue=2|pages=136–141|doi=10.1159/000356035|quote=Netea and colleagues recently coined the term 'trained immunity' (Introduction Line 6)}}

In 2022, Boulle and the Spanish Society of Immunology (Sociedad Española de Immunologia) (“SEI”) founded the Boulle-SEI Awards. The Boulle -SEI International Awards have been founded to acknowledge and support life changing work of today's health care and life sciences community.{{cite web|url=https://a-wish.org/index.php/awatds-2022|title=The Boulle -SEI International Awards |website= AWish|access-date=21 December 2022}}

Boulle Mining Group Luxembourg was the largest shareholder in World Titanium Resources,{{cite web

| url = http://www.worldtitaniumresources.com/

| title = World Titanium Resources – Home Page – ASX: WTR

| access-date = 23 March 2017

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170517193408/http://www.worldtitaniumresources.com/

| archive-date = 17 May 2017

| url-status = live

}} the Australian Securities Exchange listed{{cite web

| url = http://www.asx.com.au/asx/research/companyInfo.do?by=asxCode&asxCode=WTR

| title = Share Price & Information – ASX

| access-date = 23 March 2017

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170801202857/http://www.asx.com.au/asx/research/companyInfo.do?by=asxCode&asxCode=WTR

| archive-date = 1 August 2017

| url-status = live

}} discoverers and owners of the Toliara Sands{{cite web

| url = http://www.toliarasands.com/

| title = World Titanium Resources – Home Page – ASX: WTR

| access-date = 23 March 2017

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170520054459/http://toliarasands.com/

| archive-date = 20 May 2017

| url-status = live

}} titanium deposit in Madagascar. World Titanium Resources was delisted from ASX on 30 January 2017 and is now privately owned as World Titane Holdings Limited.{{cite web

| url = https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=139826255

| title = World Titanium Resources To Delist From ASX

| publisher = Bloomberg

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171215111044/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=139826255

| archive-date = 15 December 2017

| url-status = live

}}{{cite web

| url = https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=407565864

| title = Company Overview of World Titane Holdings Limited

| publisher = Bloomberg

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171215110744/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=407565864

| archive-date = 15 December 2017

| url-status = live

}} In December 2017, Base Resources signed a $75m agreement to acquire an 85% interest in the Toliara Sands project in Madagascar from World Titane Holdings Limited.{{cite web

| url = https://www.mining-technology.com/news/base-resources-gain-85-interest-toliara-sands-madagascar/5

| title = Base Resources to gain 85% interest in Toliara Sands, Madagascar

| date = 21 December 2017

| publisher = Mining Technology

}}{{cite web|url=http://www.miningmx.com/news/markets/31227-base-raise-a100m-madagascars-toliara-heavy-minerals-project/|title= 'Base to raise A$100m for Madagascar's Toliara heavy minerals project'|date= 19 December 2017|publisher= Mining MX}}

Together with the National Pension Fund and the Sugar investment Trust of Mauritius, Boulle is one of the major shareholders of Omnicane,{{cite web

| url = http://www.omnicane.com/

| title = Omnicane

| access-date = 23 March 2017

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170502205633/http://www.omnicane.com/

| archive-date = 2 May 2017

| url-status = live

}} a publicly listed company on the Stock Exchange of Mauritius. Omnicane owns sugarcane plantations in Mauritius and produces refined sugar. Omnicane also generates around 30% of the island's electricity for the Grid and 40% of the country's renewable bagasse-based energy.{{cite web

| url = http://www.omnicane.com/thermal-power-plants

| title = Omnicane generates around 30% of the annual electricity generated for the Grid and 40% of the country's renewable bagasse-based energy.

| access-date = 6 June 2017

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170605033414/http://www.omnicane.com/thermal-power-plants

| archive-date = 5 June 2017

| url-status = live

}}{{cite web

| url = http://africamoney.info/omnicane-unveils-ambitious-mon-tresor-airport-city-project

| title = Omnicane unveils ambitious Mon Trésor Airport City project

| access-date = 6 June 2017

}}

Boulle is the majority shareholder in the Raphael Fishing Company a 95-year-old company which made legal history in 2008 when it was adjudged a Permanent Grant by the United Kingdom Privy Council on the Thirteen Islands of St Brandon (Cargados Carajos). The Permanent Grant was confirmed by the UK Privy Council in 2008, based on an earlier Permanent Lease (999-year lease) dating back to 1901.{{cite web|url=http://www.saflii.org/mu/cases/UKPC/2008/43.html|title=The Raphael Fishing Company Ltd v. The State of Mauritius & Anor (Mauritius) [2008] UKPC 43 (30 July 2008)|website=www.saflii.org|access-date=24 November 2017}}

In November 2012, entertainment industry media outlet Variety reported that The Jean Boulle Group own the adaptation rights for the 1969 counterculture classic film Easy Rider originally released by Columbia Pictures and were part of a consortium including Maurice Fadida's Kodiak Pictures, Defiant Studios' Eric B. Fleischman.{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/easy-rider-reboot-dennis-hopper-peter-fonda-kodiak-1235444396//|title=Easy Rider' Reboot in the Works: Rights Holders to Update Dennis Hopper-Peter Fonda Classic |website=variety.com|access-date=25 September 2022}}

Boulle is Vice Chairman of the Board of directors of the US based Corporate Council on Africa.{{Cite web |title=Corporate Council on Africa announces new slate of Board Members {{!}} Corporate Council on Africa |url=https://www.corporatecouncilonafrica.com/news/corporate-council-africa-announces-new-slate-board-members |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=www.corporatecouncilonafrica.com}} Corporate Council on Africa is the 'leading U.S. business association focused solely on connecting business interests between the United States and Africa. CCA uniquely represents a broad cross-section of member companies from small and medium-sized businesses to multinationals as well as U.S. and African firms.'{{Cite web |title=About Us {{!}} Corporate Council on Africa |url=https://www.corporatecouncilonafrica.com/about-us |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=www.corporatecouncilonafrica.com}}

In 1999 and 2000, Boulle was a 'prime mover in the creation of America's primary governing law on trade with Africa: The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA)'.{{Cite web |title=Corporate Council of Africa |url=https://jeanboullegroup.com/project/corporate-council-of-africa/ |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=Jean Boulle Group |language=en-GB}} The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) provides duty-free treatment to goods of designated sub-Saharan African countries (SSAs) and includes Mauritius. The African Growth and Opportunity Act program promotes economic growth through good governance and free markets. It covers non-textile as well as textile goods and was most recently re-authorized to September 30, 2025.{{Cite web |title=African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) {{!}} U.S. Customs and Border Protection |url=https://www.cbp.gov/trade/priority-issues/trade-agreements/special-trade-legislation/african-growth-and-opportunity-act |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=www.cbp.gov |language=en}}

In 2002, Boulle sponsored and promoted Mauritius as a venue and helped to organise and contributed to the Second US-SSA AGOA Forum on 13 January 2003.{{Cite web |title=Jean-Raymond Boulle, Second US-SSA AGOA Forum - Boulle Mediation |url=https://docshare.tips/jean-raymond-boulle-second-us-ssa-agoa-forum-boulle-mediation_574bee56b6d87f7f0a8b520f.html |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=docshare.tips |language=en}}

File:Mauritius Kestrel born in Kestrel Valley Mauritius2.jpg in Boulle's Kestrel Valley, Mauritius{{Cite web |title=Protection of the Mauritius Kestrel |url=https://jeanboullegroup.com/project/kestrel-valley/ |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=Jean Boulle Group |language=en-GB}}]]

At the request of the Mauritius Government in February 1997, the World Bank, together with the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, financed and produced a Management Plan for Saint Brandon in 1998. The World Bank Management Plan recommended the creation of the Marine Protected Area of Saint Brandon based on the Great Barrier Reef Model.

The Mauritian Government's (Ministry of Shipping, Rodrigues and Outer Islands) Blue Print on the Cargados Carajos Group of Islands (Saint Brandon) in 2004 recommended that government apply to the World Heritage Committee for the inclusion of Saint Brandon in the World Heritage List. (See Page 18, Section 6 (d))

In April 2016, Boulle's Jean Boulle Group funded and organised a seven-day fact-finding mission in the Mascarene Islands for three of the world's conservation experts to Île Raphael, one of the Thirteen Islands of St. Brandon held in permanent grant by the centenarian Raphael Fishing Company{{cite web|url=http://www.saflii.org/mu/cases/UKPC/2008/43.html|title=The Raphaël Fishing Company Ltd v. The State of Mauritius & Anor (Mauritius) [2008] UKPC 43 (30 July 2008)|website=www.saflii.org|access-date=24 November 2017}}{{cite web|url=https://www.lexpress.mu/article/le-bail-permanent-de-rapha%C3%ABl-fishing-confirm%C3%A9-sur-st-brandon|title=Le bail permanent de Raphaël Fishing confirmé sur St.-Brandon|date=31 July 2008|access-date=24 November 2017}} in the Cargados Carajos on the Atoll of St Brandon:{{cite web|url=http://www.lemauricien.com/article/developpement-durable-raphael-fishing-investit-la-conservation-st-brandon|title=DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE: Raphaël Fishing investit dans la conservation à St Brandon - Le Mauricien|date=12 March 2016 |access-date=23 March 2017}}{{cite web|url=http://news.nwu.ac.za/research-mission-st-brandon%E2%80%99s-rock-paradise-coral-reef-atoll-indian-ocean|title=Research mission to St Brandon's Rock, a paradise coral reef atoll in the Indian Ocean - News - NWU - North-West University|website=news.nwu.ac.za|access-date=24 November 2017|archive-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010191429/http://news.nwu.ac.za/research-mission-st-brandon%E2%80%99s-rock-paradise-coral-reef-atoll-indian-ocean|url-status=dead}} Professor Henk Bauwman{{cite web|url=http://news.nwu.ac.za/experts/henk-bouwman|title=Prof Henk Bouwman|access-date=19 August 2017}} (Ecotoxicology, Environmental Pollution, Bird Ecology); Professor Tony Martin{{cite web|url=http://www.cambridgeconservationforum.org.uk/sites/default/files/attachments/02-%20Martin%2015-16.pdf|title=Professor Tony Martin|access-date=19 August 2017|archive-date=19 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819144301/http://www.cambridgeconservationforum.org.uk/sites/default/files/attachments/02-%20Martin%2015-16.pdf|url-status=dead}} (world's foremost expert on marine mammals) and Dr. Nick Cole{{cite web|url=http://www.mauritian-wildlife.org/application/index.php?tpid=2&tcid=17|title=Dr. Nik Cole|access-date=19 August 2017}} (herpetologist; MWF Islands Restoration Manager). These experts inspected the St Brandon islands to raise awareness about the need to protect their unique biodiversity and to investigate, for the longer term, the effects of plastic and heavy metal pollution in the Indian Ocean.{{cite web|url=http://www.lemauricien.com/article/territoires-outremers-13-ilots-st-brandon-deviennent-zone-protegee|title=13 îlots de St-Brandon deviennent "zone protégée"|date=21 March 2016 |access-date=27 August 2017}} The St. Brandon Archipelago has been declared an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International.{{cite web|url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/cargados-carajos-shoals-(saint-brandon)--marine-iba-mauritius|title=Birdlife International considers St. Brandon to be a Key Biodiversity Area and Important Bird Area|website=datazone.birdlife.org|access-date=28 November 2022}}

In 2020, in the aftermath of the MV Wakashio oil spill, the Jean Boulle Group enabled the emergency rescue{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0S3BrrgMjBDGN4BY4xjBJA|title= Jean Boulle Group Conservation - Mauritian Skinks: Mauritian Wildlife Foundation and Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust|website=www.youtube.com/|access-date=1 October 2022}} of three species of rare reptiles (lesser night gecko, Bojer's skink -Gongylomorphus bojerii (Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1)), Bouton's skink -Cryptoblepharus boutonii) from Mauritius and transported them to the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust in Jersey. Moving the reptiles to Jersey offered a lifeline in establishing assurance populations of these animals and their unique genes, well away from the disaster zone until the long-term impacts of the MV Wakashio oil spill are fully understood.{{cite web|url=https://jeanboullegroup.com/project/mauritian-reptiles-3/|title= Jean Boulle Group enables the emergency rescue of three species of rare reptiles.|website=www.jeanboullegroup.com/|access-date=1 October 2022}}{{cite web |title=Reptile rescue mission after the destruction of the oil spill in Mauritius |url=https://theworldofyachts.com/reptile-rescue-mission-after-the-destruction-of-the-oil-spill-in-mauritius/ |website=The world of yachts |access-date=27 December 2022}}

Boulle's America Mineral Fields was associated, together with other multinational companies, with allegedly profiting from Africa's misery (1998) and manipulating African governments (2000){{cite web

| url = http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/DRC%20S%202002%201146.pdf

| title = Secretary General of UN's Letter to Security Council enclosing UN's Expert Panel Report S/2002/1146 dated 15 October 2002 on the illegal exploitation of natural resources and other forms of wealth of the Democratic Republic of the Congo – ANNEXE I, Nº.9, Page 1

| publisher = United Nations

| access-date = 12 January 2018

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071021012844/http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/DRC%20S%202002%201146.pdf

| archive-date = 21 October 2007

| url-status = live

}} in a draft UN report on alleged illegal exploitation of resources from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.UN reference draft S/2002/1146, 15 October 2002 The final United Nations Report S/2003/1027 sent by United Nations Secretary General Kofi A. Annan to the Security Council on 23 October 2003 later dismissed these allegations in relation to several other multinational companies, including America Mineral Fields.{{cite web

| url = http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/DRC%20S%202003%201027.pdf

| title = Secretary General of UN's Letter to Security Council enclosing Expert Panel Report S/2003/1027 dated 15 October 2003 on the illegal exploitation of natural resources and other forms of wealth of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)- ANNEXE I, Nº. 27, Page 2

| publisher = United Nations

| access-date = 12 January 2018

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071021013531/http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/DRC%20S%202003%201027.pdf

| archive-date = 21 October 2007

| url-status = live

}}{{Cite news

| url = http://www.miningweekly.com/article/america-mineral-fields-welcomes-un-report-2003-10-31

| title = America Mineral Fields welcomes UN report

| author = LAURIAN CLEMENCE

| date = 31 October 2003

| work = Mining Weekly

| access-date = 12 January 2018

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180113150432/http://www.miningweekly.com/article/america-mineral-fields-welcomes-un-report-2003-10-31

| archive-date = 13 January 2018

| url-status = live

}}

Boulle has British nationality.{{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/jean-raymond-boulle-z6tgkwjs0b8|title= Jean Raymond Boulle|work=The Times|access-date= 10 February 2021}} He is a Mauritian citizen, and lives in Monaco. He is married and has two children.{{cite web

| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7C0gyXGQcS4

| title = Unveiling of the Sun King™ Diamond coating

| last = Jean Boulle Luxury

| date = 16 May 2017

| access-date = 24 June 2017

| via = YouTube

}}{{cite web

| url = https://www.lexpress.mu/article/l%E2%80%99entrepreneur-mauricien-jean-raymond-boulle-s%E2%80%99offre-une-firme-mini%C3%A8re-en-australie/

| title = entrepreneur-mauricien-jean-raymond-boulle.

| access-date = 26 June 2017

}}

In 2007, Boulle was made a Commander of the Order of the Rokel, the highest order of merit of Sierra Leone for contributions to the economy of Sierra Leone through the establishment of a titanium and a bauxite mine after the civil war.

• James P. Allison{{cite web|url=https://www.pharmiweb.jobs/article/trained-therapeutix-discovery-appoints-nobel-laureate-dr-james-allison-dr-padmanee-sharma-and-dr-mihai-netea-to-its-scientific-advisory-board|title=Trained Therapeutix Discovery appoints Nobel Laureate Dr. James Allison, Dr. Padmanee Sharma, and Dr. Mihai Netea to its Scientific Advisory Board|website=www.pharmiweb.jobs|access-date=30 November 2022}}
• Trained immunity{{Cite journal|title=Training innate immunity: the changing concept of immunological memory in innate host defence|year=2013 |journal=European Journal of Clinical Investigation|doi=10.1111/eci.12132 |last1=Netea |first1=Mihai G. |volume=43 |issue=8 |pages=881–884 |pmid=23869409 |s2cid=29501882 |doi-access=free }}
• Mitral valve replacement
• Raphael Fishing Company
• Partridge 1885
• Mauritian Wildlife Foundation
• African Growth and Opportunity Act
• Corporate Council on Africa

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Boulle, Jean-Raymond}}

Category:1950 births

Category:Businesspeople in metals

Category:Living people

Category:Mauritian expatriates

Category:People from Monte Carlo

Category:Expatriates in Monaco