Jean P. Haydon Museum

{{Infobox NRHP

| name = Navy Building 43

| nrhp_type =

| image = Jean_p_haydon_museum.png

| caption =

| location = Pago Pago Harbor, Fagatogo, American Samoa

| coordinates = {{coord|-14.2778|-170.6878|display=inline,title}}

| locmapin = American Samoa

| built = {{Start date|1917}}

| architecture = Tropical architecture

| added = March 16, 1972

| area = {{convert|0.1|acre}}

| refnum = 72001442{{NRISref|version=2010a}}

| nrhp_type2 = cp

| designated_nrhp_type2 = June 20, 1990

| partof = U.S. Naval Station Tutuila Historic District

| partof_refnum = 90000854

}}

The Jean P. Haydon Museum is a museum in Pago Pago dedicated to the culture and history of the United States territory of American Samoa. It contains a collection of canoes, coconut-shell combs, pigs’ tusk armlets and native pharmacopoeia.{{Cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/american-samoa/tutuila/attractions/jean-p-hayden-museum/a/poi-sig/1456050/362248|title=Jean P Hayden Museum | American Samoa Attractions|website=Lonely Planet|accessdate=Sep 11, 2020}} It also houses exhibits on natural history, tapa making, traditional tattooing, as well as a collection of war clubs, kava bowls, and historic photographs. Constructed in 1913 as U.S. Naval Station Tutuila Commissary, the building was home to Tutuila Island's Post Office from 1950 to 1971.Stanley, David (2004). South Pacific. Moon Handbooks. Page 479. {{ISBN|9781566914116}}. The museum has displays of various aspects of the Samoan Islands’ culture and history. It is the official repository for collections of artifacts for American Samoa. Funded by the American Samoa Council on Arts, Culture and the Humanities, it is the venue used for numerous of the cultural resource activities in American Samoa.http://ashpo.com/downloads/library/2002-ashpo_plan.pdf (Page 10)

Location and history

The museum is located on the north side of Route 1 in Fagatogo, American Samoa, roughly opposite the main post office. The building in which it is located, formerly Navy Building 43 of Naval Station Tutuila, is itself historically significant as one of a few surviving buildings constructed by the United States Navy in 1917 with locally fashioned rusticated concrete blocks. The building served as the naval base's commissary until 1950, when it was turned over to civilian administration and converted to the island's main post office.{{cite web| url={{NRHP url|id=72001442}} | title=NRHP nomination for Jean P. Haydon Museum | publisher=National Park Service | location=USA | accessdate=2015-06-15 }}

In 1923, Governor Edwin Taylor Pollock made the first proposal for a museum in American Samoa. This was included in his 1923 report to the Secretary of the Navy.Wright, John C. “The Jean P. Haydon Museum.” Pacific Arts, no. 6 (1992): Page 6. Retrieved on August 1, 2024, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23409084. However, work on the museum was not started before the arrival of First Lady Jean P. Haydon in 1969.

The post office moved to new facilities, and in 1971 the building was opened as the museum, which is named for the wife of then-governor John M. Haydon. It was dedicated by anthropologist Margaret Mead, who had returned to American Samoa to visit Ta'ū Island, where she wrote Coming of Age in Samoa.Shaffer, Robert J. (2000). American Samoa: 100 Years Under the United States Flag. Island Heritage. Page 193. {{ISBN|9780896103399}}.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. The museum was accredited by the American Association of Museums in 1978. It established close ties with the Bishop Museum of Hawai'i.Sunia, Fofo I.F. (2009). A History of American Samoa. Amerika Samoa Humanities Council. Page 314. {{ISBN|9781573062992}}.

In 1999, Le´ala Elisara was appointed Director of the museum by Governor Tauese Sunia. She was reappointed in 2001.Sunia, Fofō Iosefa Fiti (2001). Puputoa: Host of Heroes - A record of the history makers in the First Century of American Samoa, 1900-2000. Suva, Fiji: Oceania Printers. Page 25. {{ISBN|978-982-9036-02-5}}.

Name

It is named for the wife of Governor John Morse Haydon and former first lady of American Samoa, Jean P. Haydon of Seattle.McDonald, George (1994). Frommer’s Guide to the South Pacific. Prentice Hall Travel. Page 211. {{ISBN|9780671866600}}.Shaffer, Robert J. (2000). American Samoa: 100 Years Under the United States Flag. Island Heritage. Page 193. {{ISBN|9780896103399}}.Swaney, Deanna (1994). Samoa: Western & American Samoa: a Lonely Planet Travel Survival Kit. Lonely Planet Publications. Page 167. {{ISBN|9780864422255}}. She created a collection of Samoan artifacts inside the Government House on Mauga o Ali'i. She later moved this collection to its current location in 1972, when the museum was officially opened as the Jean Haydon Museum.Sunia, Fofō Iosefa Fiti (2001). Puputoa: Host of Heroes - A record of the history makers in the First Century of American Samoa, 1900-2000. Suva, Fiji: Oceania Printers. Page 52. {{ISBN|978-982-9036-02-5}}.

Collections

Image:HHMS_Kaimiloa_anchored_at_Honolulu_Harbor.jpg are on display at the museum.https://americansamoa.noaa.gov/explore/maritime-heritage.html]]

It houses artifacts of early Samoa, including the va'a and 'alia (bonito and war canoes) that inspired the old name for the Samoan Islands, the Navigator Islands. It also houses coconut-shell necklaces, seashell and whales' teeth necklaces, seed and fruit jewelry, pigs' tusk armlets, fly-whisks, bamboo panpipes, stone tools, siapo cloth, and a variety of weapons. Besides items commonly used in early island life, it has a display of native pharmacopeia used by early Polynesians.Swaney, Deanna (1994). Samoa: Western & American Samoa: a Lonely Planet Travel Survival Kit. Lonely Planet Publications. Pages 167-169. {{ISBN|9780864422255}}.

A portion of the museum is dedicated to the island's history with the Apollo missions. Apollo 10, 12, 13, 14, and 17 landed in the waters near Tutuila upon their return to Earth. Lunar rocks brought from the Moon on Apollo missions are at display at the museum.Mack, Doug (2017). The Not-Quite States of America: Dispatches From the Territories and Other Far-Flung Outposts of the USA. W.W. Norton & Company. Page 87. {{ISBN|9780393247602}}. The museum is also home to an American Samoa flag, which was brought to the Moon by Apollo 11 in 1969. The flag and Moon rocks were given as a gift to American Samoa by President Richard Nixon following the return of the Apollo missions.{{Cite web|url=https://www.afar.com/places/jean-p-haydon-museum-pago-pago|title=Jean P. Haydon Museum | Fagatogo | American Samoa | AFAR|date=Dec 1, 2018|website=www.afar.com|accessdate=Sep 11, 2020}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.fodors.com/world/australia-and-the-pacific/american-samoa/things-to-do/sights/reviews/jean-p-haydon-museum-584573|title=Jean P. Haydon Museum Review - American Samoa Australia and The Pacific - Sights|website=Fodor’s Travel|accessdate=Sep 11, 2020}}

Among its prized exhibits is the Fala o Futa, an exquisite fine mat reputed to be the first of its kind in Sāmoa, donated by Senate President H.C. Salanoa S.P. Aumoeualogo. The museum also houses significant historical relics, including a cannon from the Kaimiloa, a 171-ton steamer that was the only warship in the fleet of King Kalākaua of Hawai'i. The Kaimiloa was sent to the Sāmoan Islands in 1887 as part of an ambitious effort by the Hawaiian king to establish a united Polynesian kingdom. These cannons, originally brought to Sāmoa as part of the Hawaiian Kingdom's display of power, played a key role in local defense when the people of Aunuʻu Island used them to repel an invading canoe fleet from Tutuila during the Samoan Civil War.https://americansamoa.noaa.gov/explore/maritime-heritage.htmlSunia, Fofo I.F. (2009). A History of American Sāmoa. Amerika Sāmoa Humanities Council. Page 313. {{ISBN|978-1-57306-299-2}}.