Jeffrey Mogil

Jeffrey Mogil was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He obtained his B.Sc. (Hons.) from the University of Toronto, and his Ph.D. from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1993. Following a postdoctoral fellowship at Oregon Health Sciences University, he obtained a faculty position at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from 1996 to 2001 before moving to McGill University in 2001 as full professor.

• Past Director of the Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain
• Founder and director of the North American Pain School (NAPS)

• 2020: Fellow, Canadian Academy of Health Sciences
• 2020: Distinguished Career Award, [https://www.canadianpainsociety.ca/ Canadian Pain Society]
• 2019: Fellow, Academy of the Social Sciences, Royal Society of Canada (Fellow, Academy of the Social Sciences)
• 2018: Donald O. Hebb Award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology as a Science, Canadian Psychological Association
• 2015:  #1 discovery of 2015 by Quebec Science magazine
• 2015: Bennet Cohen Award, International Council for Laboratory Animal Science
• 2014: Mayday Pain & Society Fellow, The Mayday Fund
• 2013: Frederick W.L. Kerr Basic Science Research Award (for lifetime achievement), American Pain Society
• 2012: SGV Award, Swiss Laboratory Animal Science Association
• 2004: Early Career Award, [https://www.canadianpainsociety.ca/ Canadian Pain Society]
• 2002: Patrick D. Wall Young Investigator Award, International Association for the Study of Pain
• 2001: Canada Research Chair in the Genetics of Pain (Tier I), Canadian Institutes of Health Research
• 1998: John C. Liebeskind Early Career Scholar Award, American Pain Society
• 1998: Neal E. Miller New Investigator Award, Academy of Behavioral Medicine Research

Mogil and colleagues have published many papers detailing how the physiological mechanisms underlying pain perception differ by sex in laboratory rodents and humans,{{Cite journal|last=Mogil|first=Jeffrey S.|date=2020-05-21|title=Qualitative sex differences in pain processing: emerging evidence of a biased literature|journal=Nature Reviews Neuroscience|volume=21|issue=7|pages=353–365|doi=10.1038/s41583-020-0310-6|pmid=32440016|s2cid=218772997|issn=1471-003X|doi-access=}} and he was among the first to call for the inclusion of female rodents in biomedical research.{{Cite journal|last=Mogil|first=Jeffrey S.|date=2016|title=Perspective: Equality need not be painful|journal=Nature|volume=535|issue=7611|pages=S7|doi=10.1038/535s7a|pmid=27410531|s2cid=4468810|issn=0028-0836|doi-access=free|bibcode=2016Natur.535S...7M }}{{Cite journal|last1=Mogil|first1=Jeffrey S.|last2=Chanda|first2=Mona Lisa|date=2005|title=The case for the inclusion of female subjects in basic science studies of pain|journal=Pain|volume=117|issue=1|pages=1–5|doi=10.1016/j.pain.2005.06.020|pmid=16098670|s2cid=40135860|issn=0304-3959}} He was the founding Co-Chair of the Special Interest Group in Sex, Gender and Pain at the International Association for the Study of Pain. His team showed in 2015{{Cite journal|last1=Sorge|first1=Robert E|last2=Mapplebeck|first2=Josiane C S|last3=Rosen|first3=Sarah|last4=Beggs|first4=Simon|last5=Taves|first5=Sarah|last6=Alexander|first6=Jessica K|last7=Martin|first7=Loren J|last8=Austin|first8=Jean-Sebastien|last9=Sotocinal|first9=Susana G|last10=Chen|first10=Di|last11=Yang|first11=Mu|date=2015-06-29|title=Different immune cells mediate mechanical pain hypersensitivity in male and female mice|journal=Nature Neuroscience|volume=18|issue=8|pages=1081–1083|doi=10.1038/nn.4053|pmid=26120961|pmc=4772157|issn=1097-6256}} that male and female mice were employing wholly different immune cells—microglia and T cells, respectively—in the spinal cord to process chronic pain. This finding was immediately influential within the scientific community{{Cite web|title=Google Scholar|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=12901187612688342941&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en|access-date=2020-07-04|website=scholar.google.com}} and widely covered in the media.{{Cite web|title=Sex Differences in Pain Pathway|url=https://www.the-scientist.com/daily-news/sex-differences-in-pain-pathway-35243|access-date=2020-07-04|website=The Scientist Magazine®|language=en}}{{Cite web|date=Apr 20, 2016|title=Sexism in mouse research can lead to medical harm to women, scientists warn|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/mouse-sex-studies-1.3545486|access-date=July 4, 2020|website=CBC}}{{Cite web|date=Feb 10, 2016|title=A Fix For Gender-Bias In Animal Research Could Help Humans|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/02/10/464697905/a-fix-for-gender-bias-in-animal-research-could-help-humans|access-date=July 4, 2020|website=NPR}} It was voted the #1 discovery of 2015 by Quebec Science magazine,{{Cite web|title=Les découvertes de l'année édition 2015|url=https://www.quebecscience.qc.ca/categorie/sciences/les-10-decouvertes-de-2015/}} inspired an editorial in the New York Times,{{Cite news|last=The Editorial Board|date=July 18, 2015|title=Why Science Needs Female Mice|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/19/opinion/sunday/why-science-needs-female-mice.html}} was chosen as one of 10 milestones in pain research from 2000 BC to the present by Nature,{{Cite journal|last=Pain|first=Stephanie|date=2016|title=Painful progress|journal=Nature|volume=535|issue=7611|pages=S18–S19|doi=10.1038/535s18a|pmid=27410528|s2cid=4394866|issn=0028-0836|doi-access=free|bibcode=2016Natur.535S..18P }} and was cited by funding agencies in Canada{{Cite web|title=Does sex make a difference in preclinical research|url=https://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/49346.html|website=Canadian Institutes of Health Research|date=2 September 2015 }} and the United States{{Cite journal|last=Clayton|first=Janine Austin|date=2015-10-29|title=Studying both sexes: a guiding principle for biomedicine|journal=The FASEB Journal|volume=30|issue=2|pages=519–524|doi=10.1096/fj.15-279554|doi-access=free |pmid=26514164|pmc=4714546|issn=0892-6638}} in support of new Sex as a Biological Variable policies.

Other notable sex difference findings from his group include a meta-analysis showing that women are more sensitive to pain than men;{{Cite journal|last=Mogil|first=Jeffrey S.|date=2012-11-20|title=Sex differences in pain and pain inhibition: multiple explanations of a controversial phenomenon|journal=Nature Reviews Neuroscience|volume=13|issue=12|pages=859–866|doi=10.1038/nrn3360|pmid=23165262|s2cid=205508189|issn=1471-003X|doi-access=free}} morphine analgesia, stress-induced analgesia, and opioid-induced hyperalgesia are mediated by different neurochemical receptors in the two sexes (NMDA receptors and V1AR receptors in males, and MC1Rs in females) in male and female mice and humans;{{Cite journal|last1=Juni|first1=Aaron|last2=Cai|first2=Minying|last3=Stankova|first3=Magda|last4=Waxman|first4=Amanda R.|last5=Arout|first5=Caroline|last6=Klein|first6=Gad|last7=Dahan|first7=Albert|last8=Hruby|first8=Victor J.|last9=Mogil|first9=Jeffrey S.|last10=Kest|first10=Benjamin|date=2010|title=Sex-specific Mediation of Opioid-induced Hyperalgesia by the Melanocortin-1 Receptor|journal=Anesthesiology|volume=112|issue=1|pages=181–188|doi=10.1097/aln.0b013e3181c53849|pmid=19996949|pmc=4642894|issn=0003-3022}}{{Cite journal|last1=Mogil|first1=Jeffrey S|last2=Sorge|first2=Robert E|last3=LaCroix-Fralish|first3=Michael L|last4=Smith|first4=Shad B|last5=Fortin|first5=Anny|last6=Sotocinal|first6=Susana G|last7=Ritchie|first7=Jennifer|last8=Austin|first8=Jean-Sebastien|last9=Schorscher-Petcu|first9=Ara|last10=Melmed|first10=Kara|last11=Czerminski|first11=Jan|date=2011-10-23|title=Pain sensitivity and vasopressin analgesia are mediated by a gene-sex-environment interaction|journal=Nature Neuroscience|volume=14|issue=12|pages=1569–1573|doi=10.1038/nn.2941|pmid=22019732|pmc=3225498|issn=1097-6256}}{{Cite journal|last1=Mogil|first1=Jeffrey S.|last2=Sternberg|first2=Wendy F.|last3=Kest|first3=Benjamin|last4=Marek|first4=Przemyslaw|last5=Liebeskind|first5=John C.|date=1993|title=Sex differences in the antagonism of swim stress-induced analgesia: effects of gonadectomy and estrogen replacement|journal=Pain|volume=53|issue=1|pages=17–25|doi=10.1016/0304-3959(93)90050-y|pmid=8316385|s2cid=9554241|issn=0304-3959}}{{Cite journal|last1=Nemmani|first1=Kumar V.S.|last2=Grisel|first2=Judith E.|last3=Stowe|first3=Jennifer R.|last4=Smith-Carliss|first4=Richard|last5=Mogil|first5=Jeffrey S.|date=2004|title=Modulation of morphine analgesia by site-specific N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists: dependence on sex, site of antagonism, morphine dose, and time|journal=Pain|volume=109|issue=3|pages=274–283|doi=10.1016/j.pain.2004.01.035|pmid=15157688|s2cid=39388974|issn=0304-3959}} male and female mice have equivalent variability in pain sensitivity; pain variability is due to different genes in both sexes;{{Cite journal|last1=Mogil|first1=Jeffrey S|last2=Richards|first2=Susan P|last3=OʼToole|first3=Laurie A|last4=Helms|first4=Melinda L|last5=Mitchell|first5=Steve R|last6=Belknap|first6=John K|date=1997|title=Genetic sensitivity to hot-plate nociception in DBA/2J and C57BL/6J inbred mouse strains: possible sex-specific mediation by δ2-opioid receptors|journal=Pain|volume=70|issue=2|pages=267–277|doi=10.1016/s0304-3959(97)03333-2|pmid=9150302|s2cid=40024813|issn=0304-3959}}{{Cite journal|last1=Mogil|first1=Jeffrey S.|last2=Richards|first2=Susan P.|last3=O’Toole|first3=Laurie A.|last4=Helms|first4=Melinda L.|last5=Mitchell|first5=Steve R.|last6=Kest|first6=Benjamin|last7=Belknap|first7=John K.|date=1997-10-15|title=Identification of a Sex-Specific Quantitative Trait Locus Mediating Nonopioid Stress-Induced Analgesia in Female Mice|journal=The Journal of Neuroscience|volume=17|issue=20|pages=7995–8002|pmc=6793900|doi=10.1523/jneurosci.17-20-07995.1997|pmid=9315917|s2cid=7661162|issn=0270-6474|doi-access=free}}{{Cite journal|last1=Mogil|first1=J. S.|last2=Wilson|first2=S. G.|last3=Chesler|first3=E. J.|last4=Rankin|first4=A. L.|last5=Nemmani|first5=K. V. S.|last6=Lariviere|first6=W. R.|last7=Groce|first7=M. K.|last8=Wallace|first8=M. R.|last9=Kaplan|first9=L.|last10=Staud|first10=R.|last11=Ness|first11=T. J.|date=2003-03-27|title=The melanocortin-1 receptor gene mediates female-specific mechanisms of analgesia in mice and humans|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=100|issue=8|pages=4867–4872|doi=10.1073/pnas.0730053100|pmid=12663858|pmc=153647|issn=0027-8424|doi-access=free |bibcode=2003PNAS..100.4867M }} female mice are more sensitive to itch than male mice;{{Cite journal|last1=Green|first1=Amanda D.|last2=Young|first2=Katrina K.|last3=Lehto|first3=Sonya G.|last4=Smith|first4=Shad B.|last5=Mogil|first5=Jeffrey S.|date=2006|title=Influence of genotype, dose and sex on pruritogen-induced scratching behavior in the mouse|journal=Pain|volume=124|issue=1|pages=50–58|doi=10.1016/j.pain.2006.03.023|pmid=16697529|s2cid=37352122|issn=0304-3959}} pain reduces sexual desire in male but not female mice;{{Cite journal|last1=Farmer|first1=M. A.|last2=Leja|first2=A.|last3=Foxen-Craft|first3=E.|last4=Chan|first4=L.|last5=MacIntyre|first5=L. C.|last6=Niaki|first6=T.|last7=Chen|first7=M.|last8=Mapplebeck|first8=J. C. S.|last9=Tabry|first9=V.|last10=Topham|first10=L.|last11=Sukosd|first11=M.|date=2014-04-23|title=Pain Reduces Sexual Motivation in Female But Not Male Mice|journal=Journal of Neuroscience|volume=34|issue=17|pages=5747–5753|doi=10.1523/jneurosci.5337-13.2014|pmid=24760835|pmc=3996207|issn=0270-6474}} sex differences in morphine analgesia may be mediated by T cells;{{Cite journal|last1=Rosen|first1=Sarah F.|last2=Ham|first2=Boram|last3=Haichin|first3=Michael|last4=Walters|first4=Ilana C.|last5=Tohyama|first5=Sarasa|last6=Sotocinal|first6=Susana G.|last7=Mogil|first7=Jeffrey S.|date=2019|title=Increased pain sensitivity and decreased opioid analgesia in T-cell-deficient mice and implications for sex differences|journal=PAIN|volume=160|issue=2|pages=358–366|doi=10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001420|pmid=30335680|s2cid=53011244|issn=0304-3959}} pain affects dominance hierarchy in male but not female mice;{{Cite journal|last1=Tansley|first1=Shannon N.|last2=Tuttle|first2=Alexander H.|last3=Wu|first3=Neil|last4=Tohyama|first4=Sarasa|last5=Dossett|first5=Kimberly|last6=Gerstein|first6=Lindsay|last7=Ham|first7=Boram|last8=Austin|first8=Jean-Sebastien|last9=Sotocinal|first9=Susana G.|last10=Mogil|first10=Jeffrey S.|date=2018-09-19|title=Modulation of social behavior and dominance status by chronic pain in mice|journal=Genes, Brain and Behavior|volume=18|issue=1|pages=e12514|doi=10.1111/gbb.12514|pmid=30125473|s2cid=52050642|issn=1601-1848|doi-access=free}} and, male but not female mice and humans display classically conditioned pain hypersensitivity.{{Cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=Loren J.|last2=Acland|first2=Erinn L.|last3=Cho|first3=Chulmin|last4=Gandhi|first4=Wiebke|last5=Chen|first5=Di|last6=Corley|first6=Elizabeth|last7=Kadoura|first7=Basil|last8=Levy|first8=Tess|last9=Mirali|first9=Sara|last10=Tohyama|first10=Sarasa|last11=Khan|first11=Sana|date=2020|title=Male-Specific Conditioned Pain Hypersensitivity in Mice and Humans|journal=Current Biology|volume=30|issue=3|pages=556–559|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.022|pmid=32017873|s2cid=211019337|issn=0960-9822|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020CBio...30..556M }}

For the past century, the measurement of pain in rodent biomedical research was considered complicated and imprecise, and many researchers suggested there is a mismatch between human clinical pain symptoms and established procedures in rodents.{{Cite journal|last1=Mogil|first1=Jeffrey S.|last2=Crager|first2=Sara E.|date=2004|title=What should we be measuring in behavioral studies of chronic pain in animals?|journal=Pain|volume=112|issue=1|pages=12–15|doi=10.1016/j.pain.2004.09.028|pmid=15494180|s2cid=28596745|issn=0304-3959}}{{Cite journal|last1=Vierck|first1=C. J.|last2=Hansson|first2=P. T.|last3=Yezierski|first3=R. P.|date=2008|title=Clinical and pre-clinical pain assessment: Are we measuring the same thing?|journal=Pain|volume=135|issue=1|pages=7–10|doi=10.1016/j.pain.2007.12.008|pmid=18215466|s2cid=28168956|issn=0304-3959}} Based on the human Neonatal Facial Coding Scale,{{Cite journal|last1=Grunau|first1=Ruth V.E.|last2=Craig|first2=Kenneth D.|date=1987|title=Pain expression in neonates: facial action and cry|journal=Pain|volume=28|issue=3|pages=395–410|doi=10.1016/0304-3959(87)90073-x|pmid=3574966|s2cid=24318807|issn=0304-3959}} which is itself based on the Facial Action Coding System, Mogil and colleagues developed the Mouse Grimace Scale{{Cite journal|last1=Langford|first1=Dale J|last2=Bailey|first2=Andrea L|last3=Chanda|first3=Mona Lisa|last4=Clarke|first4=Sarah E|last5=Drummond|first5=Tanya E|last6=Echols|first6=Stephanie|last7=Glick|first7=Sarah|last8=Ingrao|first8=Joelle|last9=Klassen-Ross|first9=Tammy|last10=LaCroix-Fralish|first10=Michael L|last11=Matsumiya|first11=Lynn|date=2010-05-09|title=Coding of facial expressions of pain in the laboratory mouse|journal=Nature Methods|volume=7|issue=6|pages=447–449|doi=10.1038/nmeth.1455|pmid=20453868|s2cid=16703705|issn=1548-7091}} and the Rat Grimace Scale. The original findings were highly cited,{{Cite web|title=Google Scholar|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=16153539706265265342&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en|website=Google Scholar}} widely covered in the scientific press,{{Cite web|title=Mice pull pained expressions|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mice-pull-pained-expressions/|access-date=2020-07-04|website=Scientific American|language=en}} and Mogil was awarded the Bennet Cohen Award from the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science{{Cite web|title=Bennet Cohen Award|url=http://iclasorg.webhosting.be/about-iclas/awards}} and the SGV Award from the Swiss Laboratory Animal Science Association{{Cite web|title=SGV Award|url=https://naturalsciences.ch/organisations/sgv/awards}} for the finding. Grimace scales are now routinely used in institutional veterinary settings for the determination of post-operative pain in animals, and have been developed for 10 species: mice, rats, rabbits, cats, horses, cows, pigs, sheep, ferret, and seal.{{Cite journal|last1=Chambers|first1=Christine T.|last2=Mogil|first2=Jeffrey S.|date=2015|title=Ontogeny and phylogeny of facial expression of pain|journal=PAIN|volume=156|issue=5|pages=798–799|doi=10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000133|pmid=25887392|s2cid=2060896|issn=0304-3959|doi-access=free}}

Mogil's laboratory has made a number of other advances in algesiometry or dolorimetry (i.e., pain testing in animals) including the development of an animal model of vulvodynia.{{Cite journal|last1=Farmer|first1=M. A.|last2=Taylor|first2=A. M.|last3=Bailey|first3=A. L.|last4=Tuttle|first4=A. H.|last5=MacIntyre|first5=L. C.|last6=Milagrosa|first6=Z. E.|last7=Crissman|first7=H. P.|last8=Bennett|first8=G. J.|last9=Ribeiro-da-Silva|first9=A.|last10=Binik|first10=Y. M.|last11=Mogil|first11=J. S.|date=2011-09-21|title=Repeated Vulvovaginal Fungal Infections Cause Persistent Pain in a Mouse Model of Vulvodynia|journal=Science Translational Medicine|volume=3|issue=101|pages=101ra91|doi=10.1126/scitranslmed.3002613|pmid=21937756|pmc=3243907|issn=1946-6234}}{{Cite journal|last=Mogil|first=Jeffrey S.|date=2009-03-04|title=Animal models of pain: progress and challenges|journal=Nature Reviews Neuroscience|volume=10|issue=4|pages=283–294|doi=10.1038/nrn2606|pmid=19259101|s2cid=205504814|issn=1471-003X}}{{Citation|last=Mogil|first=Jeffrey S.|editor1-first=John N|editor1-last=Wood|title=The Measurement of Pain in the Laboratory Rodent|work=The Oxford Handbook of the Neurobiology of Pain|year=2020|pages=27–60|publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860509.013.21|isbn=978-0-19-086050-9}}

Although a handful of controversial papers from the 1950s and 1960s had suggested that non-primate mammals might be capable of altruism,{{Cite journal|last=Church|first=Russell M.|date=1959|title=Emotional reactions of rats to the pain of others.|journal=Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology|volume=52|issue=2|pages=132–134|doi=10.1037/h0043531|pmid=13654562|issn=0021-9940}}{{Cite journal|last1=Rice|first1=George E.|last2=Gainer|first2=Priscilla|date=1962|title="Altruism" in the albino rat.|journal=Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology|volume=55|issue=1|pages=123–125|doi=10.1037/h0042276|pmid=14491896|issn=0021-9940}} Mogil's group was the first to provide modern evidence that mice were capable of emotional contagion of pain, a form of empathy.{{Cite journal|last=Langford|first=D. J.|date=2006-06-30|title=Social Modulation of Pain as Evidence for Empathy in Mice|journal=Science|volume=312|issue=5782|pages=1967–1970|doi=10.1126/science.1128322|pmid=16809545|bibcode=2006Sci...312.1967L |s2cid=26027821|issn=0036-8075|url=https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/articles/76537484n }}{{Cite journal|last1=Preston|first1=Stephanie D.|last2=de Waal|first2=Frans B. M.|date=2002|title=Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases|journal=Behavioral and Brain Sciences|volume=25|issue=1|pages=1–20|doi=10.1017/s0140525x02000018|pmid=12625087|issn=0140-525X}} They showed that mice display more pain behavior if they are tested in close proximity to other mice also in pain, but only if the two mice are familiar with each other. This finding, which was also widely covered in the press,{{Cite news |last=Carey |first=Benedict |author-link=Benedict Carey |date=2006-07-04 |title=Message From Mouse to Mouse: I Feel Your Pain|language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/04/health/04empa.html |access-date=2020-07-05 |issn=0362-4331}} launched a renaissance of new research into the topic of rodent social abilities.{{Cite journal |last1=Panksepp |first1=Jaak |author-link1=Jaak Panksepp |last2=Panksepp |first2=Jules B. |date=2013 |title=Toward a cross-species understanding of empathy |journal=Trends in Neurosciences |volume=36 |issue=8 |pages=489–496 |doi=10.1016/j.tins.2013.04.009 |pmid=23746460 |pmc=3839944 |issn=0166-2236}}

Mogil's lab subsequently showed{{Cite journal |last1=Martin |first1=L.J. |last2=Hathaway |first2=G. |last3=Isbester |first3=K.|last4=Mirali |first4=S. |last5=Acland |first5=E.L. |last6=Niederstrasser |first6=N. |last7=Slepian |first7=P.M. |last8=Trost |first8=Z. |last9=Bartz|first9=J.A. |last10=Sapolsky|first10=R.M. |author-link10=Robert Sapolsky|last11=Sternberg |first11=W.F. |date=2015 |title=Reducing Social Stress Elicits Emotional Contagion of Pain in Mouse and Human Strangers |journal=Current Biology |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=326–332 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2014.11.028 |pmid=25601547 |s2cid=1082428 |issn=0960-9822 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2015CBio...25..326M |url=https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/503503/1/Mogil%20Stress%20Paper.pdf}} that familiar (but not stranger) humans also demonstrate highly similar emotional contagion of pain, and that reduction of stress via metyrapone treatment or a shared social experience (playing the videogame Rock Band together) can elicit empathy in strangers. This study was covered in the popular press,{{Cite news |last=Sapolsky |first=Robert M. |author-link=Robert Sapolsky |date=2015-01-16 |title=When Stress Rises, Empathy Suffers |language=en-US |work=Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/when-stress-rises-empathy-suffers-1421423942 |access-date=2020-07-05 |issn=0099-9660}} including an episode of the TED Radio Hour.{{Cite web|title=Jeff Mogil: How Can Playing A Game Make You More Empathetic?|url=https://www.npr.org/2015/03/27/395039920/how-can-playing-a-game-make-you-more-empathetic|access-date=2020-07-05|website=NPR.org|language=en}}

Using both quantitative trait locus mapping and genetic association study (including GWAS) techniques, Mogil's laboratory has provided evidence for the involvement of over 25 genes with pain and analgesia. The most notable of these was the demonstration in 2003 that the MC1R gene, most well known for its mutations causing red hair,{{Cite journal|last1=Valverde|first1=Paloma|last2=Healy|first2=Eugene|last3=Jackson|first3=Ian|last4=Rees|first4=Jonathan L.|last5=Thody|first5=Anthony J.|date=1995|title=Variants of the melanocyte–stimulating hormone receptor gene are associated with red hair and fair skin in humans|journal=Nature Genetics|volume=11|issue=3|pages=328–330|doi=10.1038/ng1195-328|pmid=7581459|s2cid=7980311|issn=1061-4036}} is associated with Κ-opioid analgesia in women but not men. This finding was featured in the popular press.{{Cite news|title=Sex and drugs|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2005/07/21/sex-and-drugs|access-date=2020-07-05|issn=0013-0613}}{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/11/magazine/11ideas_section3-22.html?_r=1 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529180723/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/11/magazine/stoic-redheads.html |archive-date=29 May 2015 |title=Stoic Redheads |work=The New York Times |date=11 December 2005 |first=Amy |last=Sullivan |author-link=Amy Sullivan |access-date=22 May 2010}}{{cbignore}}

Mogil and colleagues revealed a number of previously unidentified factors affecting the conclusions drawn from biomedical experiments. In 1996, they demonstrated  that the newly discovered orphan opioid peptide, orphanin FQ/nociception, did not produce hyperalgesia as originally reported,{{Cite journal|last=Meunier|first=Jean-Claude|date=1997|title=Nociceptin/orphanin FQ and the opioid receptor-like ORL1 receptor|journal=European Journal of Pharmacology|volume=340|issue=1|pages=1–15|doi=10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01411-8|pmid=9527501|issn=0014-2999}}{{Cite journal |last1=Reinscheid |first1=R. K. |last2=Nothacker |first2=H.-P. |last3=Bourson |first3=A. |last4=Ardati |first4=A. |last5=Henningsen |first5=R. A. |last6=Bunzow |first6=J. R. |last7=Grandy |first7=D. K. |last8=Langen |first8=H. |last9=Monsma |first9=F. J.|last10=Civelli |first10=O. |author-link10=Olivier Civelli |date=1995-11-03 |title=Orphanin FQ: A Neuropeptide That Activates an Opioidlike G Protein-Coupled Receptor |journal=Science |volume=270 |issue=5237 |pages=792–794 |doi=10.1126/science.270.5237.792 |pmid=7481766 |bibcode=1995Sci...270..792R |s2cid=38117854 |issn=0036-8075}} but rather was reversing the stress-induced analgesia resulting from the intracerebroventricular injection through which it was administered.{{Cite journal |last1=Mogil |first1=J.S |last2=Grisel |first2=J.E |last3=Reinscheid |first3=R.K |last4=Civelli |first4=O |last5=Belknap |first5=J.K |last6=Grandy |first6=D.K |date=1996 |title=Orphanin FQ is a functional anti-opioid peptide |journal=Neuroscience |volume=75 |issue=2 |pages=333–337 |doi=10.1016/0306-4522(96)00338-7 |pmid=8930999 |s2cid=30046252 |issn=0306-4522}} In 1999, they showed that different inbred strains of mice displayed very different pain sensitivity.{{Cite journal|last1=Mogil|first1=Jeffrey S|last2=Wilson|first2=Sonya G|last3=Bon|first3=Karine|last4=Eun Lee|first4=Seo|last5=Chung|first5=Kyungsoon|last6=Raber|first6=Pnina|last7=Pieper|first7=Jeanne O|last8=Hain|first8=Heather S|last9=Belknap|first9=John K|last10=Hubert|first10=Lawrence|author-link10=Lawrence Hubert|last11=Elmer|first11=Greg I|date=1999|title=Heritability of nociception I: Responses of 11 inbred mouse strains on 12 measures of nociception|journal=Pain|volume=80|issue=1|pages=67–82|doi=10.1016/s0304-3959(98)00197-3|pmid=10204719|s2cid=17604906|issn=0304-3959}}

Chief among these methodological confounds was the observation that mice display a stress response to the presence of nearby males of a number of mammalian species, including human male experimenters, calling into question the results of thousands of studies in the animal literature when the sex of the experimenter was not controlled, an animal equivalent to the "sweaty t-shirt study" in humans. This finding led to torrent of media activity, with articles on the finding in The New York Times,{{Cite news|last=Quenqua|first=Douglas|date=2014-04-28|title=For Lab Rats, a 'Male Scientist' Effect|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/29/science/for-lab-rats-a-male-scientist-effect.html|access-date=2020-07-05|issn=0362-4331}} National Geographic,{{Cite web|date=April 29, 2014|title=Lab Animals Stressed Out by Men, Study Finds|url=https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2014/04/29/lab-animals-stressed-out-by-men-study-finds/}} The Atlantic,{{Cite web|last=Ohikuare|first=Judith|date=2014-04-30|title=Male Scientists' Threat to the Integrity of Research|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/04/mice-sex/361448/|access-date=2020-07-05|website=The Atlantic|language=en-US}} The Economist,{{Cite news|title=Sex, writhes and videotape|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2014/05/03/sex-writhes-and-videotape|access-date=2020-07-05|issn=0013-0613}} The New Yorker,{{Cite magazine|last=Morris|first=B.|date=May 2, 2014|title=Why do mice fear men?|magazine=The New Yorker |url=https://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/why-do-mice-fear-men,}} Time,{{Cite magazine|title=Study: The Smell of Men Stresses Out Lab Mice|url=https://time.com/79367/men-smell-stresses-mice/|access-date=2020-07-05|magazine=Time}} and U.S. News & World Report,{{Cite web|last=Preidt|first=R.|date=April 28, 2014|title=Lab Mice Stressed Out By Men, But Not Women, Study Finds|url=https://health.usnews.com/health-news/articles/2014/04/28/lab-mice-stressed-out-by-men-but-not-women-study-finds}} among others, and radio appearances on NPR’s Science Friday,{{Cite web|date=May 2, 2014|title=Male researchers may increase stress in lab mice|url=https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/male-researchers-may-increase-stress-in-lab-mice/}} BBC World Service’s “Newsday”{{Cite news|date=April 30, 2014|title=BBC News|work=World Service}} and CBC’s “As It Happens”.{{Cite news|date=April 29, 2014|title=CBC News|work=As It Happens}}

{{reflist}}

• [https://mogilab.ca/ Official Website - MOGILab.ca]
• [https://www.mcgill.ca/psychology/jeffrey-mogil McGill Homepage]
• [https://scholar.google.ca/citations?user=j-zlY8AAAAAJ&hl=en Google Scholar Page]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mogil, Jeffrey}}

Category:1966 births

Category:Living people

Category:Canadian neuroscientists

Category:Scientists from Toronto

Category:Fellows of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences

Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada

Category:University of Toronto alumni

Category:University of California, Los Angeles alumni

Category:University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty

Category:Academic staff of McGill University