Jenbach#History

{{Infobox settlement

| name = Jenbach

| native_name =

| settlement_type = Municipality

| image_skyline = GemeindeamtJenbach20060814.jpg

| imagesize =

| image_caption = Municipal office

| image_shield = AUT Jenbach COA.svg

| shield_size =

| shield_link =

| pushpin_map = Austria

| pushpin_mapsize = 270

| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Austria

| image_map = map at-7 jenbach.png

| mapsize = 260x260px

| map_alt =

| map_caption = Location in Tyrol

| coordinates = {{coord|47|23|36|N|11|46|36|E|display=inline,title}}

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = Austria

| subdivision_type1 = State

| subdivision_name1 = Tyrol

| subdivision_type2 = District

| subdivision_name2 = Schwaz

| parts_type =

| parts_style = para

| p1 =

| leader_title = Mayor

| leader_name = Dietmar Wallner

| leader_party = {{Polparty|Austria| ÖVP }}

| leader_title1 =

| leader_name1 =

| area_footnotes = {{Austria population Wikidata|area_footnotes}}

| area_total_km2 = {{Austria population Wikidata|area_total_km2}}

| area_metro_km2 =

| elevation_m = 563

| elevation_max_m =

| elevation_min_m =

| population_as_of = {{Austria population Wikidata|population_as_of}}

| population_footnotes = {{Austria population Wikidata|population_footnotes}}

| population_total = {{Austria population Wikidata|population_total}}

| population_urban =

| population_metro =

| population_note =

| population_density_km2 = auto

| established_title =

| established_date =

| timezone = CET

| timezone_DST = CEST

| utc_offset = +1

| utc_offset_DST = +2

| registration_plate = SZ

| postal_code_type = Postal code

| postal_code = 6200

| area_code_type = Area code

| area_code = 05244

| website = https://www.jenbach.at/

| footnotes =

}}

Jenbach is a municipality in the district of Schwaz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

Etymology

Many inhabitants of Jenbach believe that the name "Jenbach" is derived from "Jenseits des Baches", which means "Beyond the brook", however earlier versions of the name, for instance "Umbach" suggest that it could also be derived from "Um den Bach [herum]", which means "Around the brook". This is consistent with Jenbach's history as a village built around the Kasbach.

The inhabitants of Jenbach are called "Jenbacher".

People speaking the Bavarian dialect tend to pronounce "Jenbach" as "Jembåch".

Geography

= Neighbouring municipalities =

History

The earliest dwellings in Jenbach date back to the end of the early Bronze Age and the early La Tène culture. Jenbach was first officially named in a document of the year of 1269 as "Ymbach". From 1410 onwards the Fugger constructed furnaces in order to process the silver and copper ore dug from the mines near Schwaz. After these ores were mined out, the processing of iron ore took over. Until 1865 this early industrial infrastructure remained private, however afterwards the state took ownership. In 1870 the factory was resold to the Salzburg-Tiroler-Montangesellschaft. In 1881 Julius & Theodor Reitlinger purchased the factory from the company and modernised it.

The company remained a possession of the family until 1938, when the son of Julius Reitlinger, Friedrich Reitlinger, committed suicide due to the Anschluss (the merging of Germany and Austria) in 1938. Afterwards it was taken over by the state and later resold to Ernst Heinkel under the Aryanization program. After 1945 the company was not returned to its former owners, but remained under public administration.

In February 1945 31 tons of bombs were dropped on the railway station during Operation Clarion in order to prevent the Reichsbahn from transporting war-material. This was necessary for the impending invasion of Germany and Austria.

The air attack on Jenbach destroyed 35 houses and left 8 people dead.

During the war the Heinkel factories produced, under license, the Hellmuth Walter KG-designed liquid rocket motors for the Me 163B Komet, the first operational rocket engine powered combat aircraft; and other parts for the V-2 SRBM missiles fired at southern English cities during the final months of the Second World War.

In April and May, remainders of SS-units, among them the main staff of the SS-Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler, withdrew from the quickly advancing French units commanded by Charles de Gaulle, to Tyrol, which Nazi propaganda had portrayed as a "fortress in the Alps". SS-commanders encouraged their soldiers to fight "to the last bullet", but largely avoided direct confrontations. On 2 May, they withdrew to Bavaria, leaving an amount of weaponry in the Achensee. Mayor Somweber and a lieutenant of the Austrian resistance, Nentwich, negotiated with the SS to withdraw, and with the allies to end air raids on Jenbach.

Today the GE Jenbacher AG is the world-leading company in the production of gas engines.

Population

{{Historical populations

|align=left

|1869|1052

|1880|1150

|1890|1395

|1900|1645

|1910|2261

|1923|2261

|1934|2282

|1939|2257

|1951|4780

|1961|5479

|1971|6061

|1981|5712

|1991|6199

|2001|6006

|2011|6867

}}

Economy

Jenbach is an economically significant place due to the companies situated there:

GE Jenbacher, Siko Solar, TIWAG, Katzenberger, Gubert, and Holz Binder.

During the 20th century, the Jenbacher Werke (predecessor of today's GE Jenbacher) produced wagons, locomotives, motors and other goods.

The Kasbach serves as a source of energy for several smaller water plants.

Jenbach also has a high school specialised in mechanical and economical engineering.

{{clear left}}

Transport

The railway station of Jenbach contains three different railways:

Jenbach is – due to its infrastructural importance – the only location in Austria where railways with three different gauges meet.

Climate

The Köppen Climate Classification sub-type for this climate is "Dfb" (Warm Summer Continental Climate).[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=591766&cityname=Jenbach%2C+Tirol%2C+Austria&units= Climate Summary for Jenbach]

{{Weather box

|location = Jenbach (1971–2000)

|single line = Yes

|metric first = Yes

|Jan record high C = 16.3

|Feb record high C = 19.5

|Mar record high C = 24.0

|Apr record high C = 28.0

|May record high C = 31.1

|Jun record high C = 34.1

|Jul record high C = 36.2

|Aug record high C = 33.7

|Sep record high C = 29.1

|Oct record high C = 27.0

|Nov record high C = 23.1

|Dec record high C = 20.0

|year record high C = 36.2

|Jan high C = 3.0

|Feb high C = 5.4

|Mar high C = 10.6

|Apr high C = 14.5

|May high C = 20.0

|Jun high C = 22.0

|Jul high C = 24.1

|Aug high C = 23.8

|Sep high C = 20.3

|Oct high C = 15.1

|Nov high C = 7.5

|Dec high C = 3.3

|year high C = 14.1

|Jan mean C = -1.6

|Feb mean C = 0.3

|Mar mean C = 4.5

|Apr mean C = 8.2

|May mean C = 13.3

|Jun mean C = 15.9

|Jul mean C = 17.8

|Aug mean C = 17.4

|Sep mean C = 13.9

|Oct mean C = 9.0

|Nov mean C = 2.8

|Dec mean C = -0.7

|year mean C = 8.4

|Jan low C = -4.7

|Feb low C = -3.3

|Mar low C = 0.2

|Apr low C = 3.4

|May low C = 7.9

|Jun low C = 10.9

|Jul low C = 12.7

|Aug low C = 12.7

|Sep low C = 9.5

|Oct low C = 5.2

|Nov low C = -0.1

|Dec low C = -3.5

|year low C = 4.2

|Jan record low C = -20.7

|Feb record low C = -19.6

|Mar record low C = -16.3

|Apr record low C = -4.5

|May record low C = -3.0

|Jun record low C = 2.4

|Jul record low C = 3.3

|Aug record low C = 3.9

|Sep record low C = -1.0

|Oct record low C = -5.6

|Nov record low C = -18.2

|Dec record low C = -20.2

|year record low C = -20.7

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 76.8

|Feb precipitation mm = 61.9

|Mar precipitation mm = 76.2

|Apr precipitation mm = 80.2

|May precipitation mm = 95.2

|Jun precipitation mm = 136.4

|Jul precipitation mm = 167.1

|Aug precipitation mm = 147.0

|Sep precipitation mm = 96.2

|Oct precipitation mm = 70.8

|Nov precipitation mm = 85.1

|Dec precipitation mm = 84.1

|year precipitation mm = 1177.0

|Jan snow cm = 30.3

|Feb snow cm = 31.0

|Mar snow cm = 14.6

|Apr snow cm = 2.8

|May snow cm = 0.0

|Jun snow cm = 0.0

|Jul snow cm = 0.0

|Aug snow cm = 0.0

|Sep snow cm = 0.0

|Oct snow cm = 0.0

|Nov snow cm = 10.5

|Dec snow cm = 27.6

|year snow cm = 116.8

|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 8.9

|Feb precipitation days = 7.7

|Mar precipitation days = 10.2

|Apr precipitation days = 10.2

|May precipitation days = 11.8

|Jun precipitation days = 14.8

|Jul precipitation days = 15.1

|Aug precipitation days = 14.9

|Sep precipitation days = 10.6

|Oct precipitation days = 8.8

|Nov precipitation days = 9.7

|Dec precipitation days = 9.3

|year precipitation days = 132.0

|time day = 14:00

|Jan humidity = 69.2

|Feb humidity = 61.0

|Mar humidity = 52.7

|Apr humidity = 48.9

|May humidity = 47.9

|Jun humidity = 52.6

|Jul humidity = 53.6

|Aug humidity = 56.0

|Sep humidity = 57.2

|Oct humidity = 58.7

|Nov humidity = 66.9

|Dec humidity = 73.6

|year humidity = 58.2

|Jan sun = 83.3

|Feb sun = 107.1

|Mar sun = 138.2

|Apr sun = 152.0

|May sun = 178.9

|Jun sun = 163.3

|Jul sun = 192.2

|Aug sun = 195.8

|Sep sun = 165.9

|Oct sun = 139.6

|Nov sun = 88.1

|Dec sun = 71.9

|year sun = 1676.3

|Jan percentsun = 39.0

|Feb percentsun = 47.9

|Mar percentsun = 46.2

|Apr percentsun = 45.0

|May percentsun = 48.0

|Jun percentsun = 44.7

|Jul percentsun = 52.4

|Aug percentsun = 56.4

|Sep percentsun = 52.9

|Oct percentsun = 52.4

|Nov percentsun = 42.4

|Dec percentsun = 38.5

|year percentsun = 47.2

|source 1 = Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191012234750/http://www.zamg.ac.at/fix/klima/oe71-00/klima2000/klimadaten_oesterreich_1971_frame1.htm

| archive-date = 12 October 2019

| url = http://www.zamg.ac.at/fix/klima/oe71-00/klima2000/klimadaten_oesterreich_1971_frame1.htm

| title = Klimadaten von Österreich 1971–2000 – Tirol-Jenbach

| language = de

| publisher = Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics

| access-date = 25 October 2019}}

}}

References

{{reflist}}

Sources

  • Thomas Albrich/Arno Giesinger: Im Bombenkrieg, Tirol und Vorarlberg, 1943–1945, Seite 244
  • Gemeindechronik von Jenbach
  • [http://geschichte-tirol.com/orte/nordtirol/bezirk-schwaz/1163-jenbach.html History of Jenbach]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20110727084709/http://www.silberregion-karwendel.at/jenbach/ Local tourism information site]

{{Commons category}}

{{Cities and towns in Schwaz (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities and towns in Schwaz District