Jiang (rank)#Republic of China Armed Forces

{{Short description|Rank held by general officers in some East Asian militaries}}

{{italic title}}

{{chinese

|name1=Chinese name

|t={{linktext|將}}

|s=将

|p=jiàng

|w=chiang

|altname=Other languages

|qn=Tướng

|chuhan=將

|kanji=将

|romaji=shō

|hangul=장

|hanja=將

|rr=jang

}}

Jiang (formerly romanized chiang and usually translated general) is a general officer rank used by China and Taiwan. It is also used as jang in North and South Korea, shō in Japan, and tướng in Vietnam.

Chinese

= People's Liberation Army =

The same rank names are used for all services, prefixed by haijun ({{zh|s=海军|t=海軍|l=naval force}}) or kongjun ({{zh|s=空军|t=空軍|l=air force}}).

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! Rank group

! colspan="3" |General/flag officers

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| Chinese

{{lang|zh|上将}}{{lang|zh|中将}}{{lang|zh|少将}}
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| Pinyin

{{lang|zh-Latn|Shàngjiāng}}{{lang|zh-Latn|Zhōngjiāng}}{{lang|zh-Latn|Shàojiāng}}
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| Literal translation

Upper commanderMiddle commanderLower commander
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| rowspan=2| {{army|China|name=PLA Ground Forces}}{{cite web |last1=Ping |first1=Xu |title=我军建军九十年军衔制度沿革 |trans-title=The evolution of our military rank system over the ninety years of its establishment |url=http://www.mod.gov.cn/education/2017-08/07/content_4788037_8.htm |website=mod.gov.cn |publisher=Ministry of National Defense |access-date=13 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228135627/http://www.mod.gov.cn/education/2017-08/07/content_4788037_8.htm |archive-date=28 December 2019 |language=zh |date=7 August 2017}}

| File:PLAGF-0720-GEN.png

| File:PLAGF-0719-LTG.png

| File:PLAGF-0718-MG.png

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| rowspan=2| {{navy|People's Republic of China|name=PLA Navy}}

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| rowspan=2| {{air force|People's Republic of China|name=PLA Air Force}}

| File:PLAAF-0720-GEN.png

| File:PLAAF-0719-LTG.png

| File:PLAAF-0718-MG.png

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| rowspan=2| {{flagicon image|People's Armed Police Flag.svg}} People's Armed Police

| File:PLAGF-0720-GEN.png

| File:PLAGF-0719-LTG.png

| File:PLAGF-0718-MG.png

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{{lang|zh|上将}}
{{lang|zh-Latn|Shàngjiāng}}
{{lang|zh|中将}}
{{lang|zh-Latn|Zhōngjiāng}}
{{lang|zh|少将}}
{{lang|zh-Latn|Shàojiāng}}
style="background-color:#CCCCCC; text-align:center;"

! Rank group

! colspan="3" |General/flag officers

=={{lang|zh-Latn|Dajiang}}==

{{noref|section|date=September 2023}}

Under the rank system in place in the PLA in the era 1955–1965, there existed the rank of {{lang|zh-Latn|dajiang}} ({{zh|s=大将|l=Grand commander}}). This rank was awarded to 10 of the veteran leaders of the PLA in 1955 and never conferred again. It was considered equivalent to the Soviet rank of army general. The decision to name the equivalent rank {{lang|zh-Latn|yiji shangjiang}} ({{zh|s=一级上将|l=Upper commander first class}}) when it was briefly re-established in 1988-1994 was likely due to a desire to keep the rank of {{lang|zh-Latn|dajiang}} an honorary one awarded after a war, much as General of the Armies in the United States Army. It was offered to Deng Xiaoping who declined the new rank. Thus it was never conferred and scrapped in 1994.

= Republic of China Armed Forces =

{{main|Republic of China Armed Forces rank insignia}}

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! Rank group

colspan=4| General/flag officers
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| Chinese

| {{lang|zh-tw|一級上將}}

{{lang|zh-tw|二級上將}}{{lang|zh-tw|中將}}{{lang|zh-tw|少將}}
style="background:#efefef;"

| Pinyin

| {{lang|zh-Latn|Yiji shangjiang}}

{{lang|zh-Latn|Erji shangjiang}}{{lang|zh-Latn|Zhongjiang}}{{lang|zh-Latn|Shaojiang}}
style="background:#efefef;"

| Literal translation

| First class upper commander

| Second class upper commander

| Middle commander

| Lower commander

{{army|Republic of China}}{{cite journal |title=Lùhǎikōng jūnfú zhì tiáolì fù tú |script-title=zh:陸海空軍服制條例附圖 |trans-title=Drawings of the Uniform Regulations of the Army, Navy and Air Force |journal=Gazette of the Presidential Palace |date=7 November 1996 |issue=6769 |pages=65–67 |url=https://www.president.gov.tw/Portals/0/Bulletins/paper/PDF/6769-2.PDF |access-date=15 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306002354/https://www.president.gov.tw/Portals/0/Bulletins/paper/PDF/6769-2.PDF |archive-date=6 March 2017}}

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Translation{{cite web |author1=Ministry of National Defense |title=Act of Commission for Officers and Noncommissioned Officers of the Armed Forces |url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=F0030002 |website=law.moj.gov.tw |publisher=Ministry of Justice |access-date=17 August 2022 |date=4 December 2019}}

| Full general

| General

| Lieutenant general

| Major general

{{naval|Taiwan}}

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Translation

| Full admiral

| Admiral

| Vice admiral

| Rear admiral

{{air force|Taiwan}}

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Translation

| Full general

| General

| Lieutenant general

| Major general

{{marines|Taiwan}}

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| Translation

|

| General

| Lieutenant general

| Major general

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|

{{lang|zh-tw|一級上將}}
{{lang|zh-Latn|Yiji shangjiang}}
{{lang|zh-tw|二級上將}}
{{lang|zh-Latn|Erji shangjiang}}
{{lang|zh-tw|中將}}
{{lang|zh-Latn|Zhongjiang}}
{{lang|zh-tw|少將}}
{{lang|zh-Latn|Shaojiang}}
style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"

! Rank group

colspan=4| General/flag officers

Japanese variant

The same rank names are used for all services, prefixed by {{lang|ja-Latn|riku}} ({{langx|ja|陸|lit=land}}), {{lang|ja-Latn|kai}} ({{langx|ja|海|lit=sea}}) or {{lang|ja-Latn|kū}} ({{langx|ja|空|lit=air}}). The rank insignia of the {{lang|ja-Latn|Bakuryōchō-taru-shō}} ({{langx|ja|幕僚長たる将}}) was enacted on December 1, 1962, and before that, it was the same three-star as other {{lang|ja-Latn|Shō}} ({{langx|ja|将}}). The English notation of the {{lang|ja-Latn|Shō}} in the English version of the Defense White Paper is as follows.

  • {{lang|ja-Latn|Tōgōbakuryōchō-taru-Rikusho, Kaishõ,mata-ha Kũshō}} ({{langx|ja|統合幕僚長たる陸将、海将または空将}}) GEN, ADM or Gen serving as Chief of Staff Joint Staff Office.
  • {{lang|ja-Latn|Rikujõbakuryōchō-taru-Rikushõ}} ({{langx|ja|陸上幕僚長たる陸将}}) General serving as JGSDF Chief of Staff.
  • {{lang|ja-Latn|Rikushō}} ({{langx|ja|陸将 }}) General.
  • {{lang|ja-Latn|Kaijōbakuryōchō-taru-Kaishō}} ({{langx|ja|海上幕僚長たる海将}}) Admiral serving as JMSDF Chief of Staff.
  • {{lang|ja-Latn|Kaishō}} ({{langx|ja|海将}}) Vice Admiral.
  • {{lang|ja-Latn|Kōkūbakuryōchō-taru-Kũshō}} ({{langx|ja|航空幕僚長たる空将}}) General serving as JASDF Chief of Staff.
  • {{lang|ja-Latn|Kūshō}} ({{langx|ja|空将}}) General.

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style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"

! Rank group

colspan=4| General/flag officers
style="background:#efefef;"

| Japanese

| {{lang|ja|幕僚長たる将}}

{{lang|ja|将}}{{lang|ja|将補}}
style="background:#efefef;"

| Romanization

| {{lang|ja-Latn|Bakuryōchō-taru-shō}}

{{lang|ja-Latn|Shō}}{{lang|ja-Latn|Shō-ho}}
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| Literal translation

Commander serving as Chief of staffCommanderSupplementary commander
{{army|Japan|name=Japanese Army}}{{cite web |title=自衛官の階級 |trans-title=Self-Defense Forces rank |url=https://www.mod.go.jp/j/profile/mod_sdf/class/ |website=mod.go.jp |publisher=Japanese Ministry of Defense |access-date=7 June 2021 |language=ja}}

| File:JGSDF General insignia (b)(dark purple).svg

| File:JGSDF Lieutenant General insignia (b)(dark purple).svg

| File:JGSDF Major General insignia (b)(dark purple).svg

U.S. equivalent{{cite book |last1=Dolan |first1=Ronald E. |editor1-last=Worden |editor1-first=Robert L. |title=Japan: a country study |series=Area Handbook |date=1999 |publisher=Library of Congress |location=Washington, D.C. |lccn=91029874 |page=449 |edition=5th |url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/frdcstdy.japancountrystud00dola/?sp=505&st=image |access-date=12 February 2024 |chapter=National Security}}

| General

| Lieutenant general

| Major general

{{naval|Japan|name=Japanese Navy}}

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| {{nobreak|50px 50px}}

| {{nobreak|50px 50px}}

U.S. equivalent

| Admiral

| Vice admiral

| Rear admiral

{{air force|Japan|name=Japanese Air Force}}

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U.S. equivalent

| General

| Lieutenant general

| Major general

style="background:#efefef;"

|

{{lang|ja|幕僚長たる将}}
{{lang|ja-Latn|Bakuryōchō-taru-shō}}
{{lang|ja|将}}
{{lang|ja-Latn|Shō}}
{{lang|ja|将補}}
{{lang|ja-Latn|Shō-ho}}
style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"

! Rank group

colspan=4| General/flag officers

Korean variant

{{see also|Comparative military ranks of Korea}}

{{Infobox Korean name

| title = Jang

| hangul = 장

| hanja = 將

| rr = jang

| mr = chang

}}

=North Korea=

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style="background-color:#CCCCCC; text-align:center;"

! Rank group

colspan=4| General/flag officers
style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;"

! Hangul

| {{lang|ko|대장}}

| {{lang|ko|상장}}

| {{lang|ko|중장}}

| {{lang|ko|소장}}

style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;"

! Hanja

| {{lang|ko|大將}}

| {{lang|ko|上將}}

| {{lang|ko|中將}}

| {{lang|ko|少將}}

style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;"

! Romanization

| {{lang|ko-Latn|Daejang}}

| {{lang|ko-Latn|Sangjang}}

| {{lang|ko-Latn|Chungjang}}

| {{lang|ko-Latn|Sojang}}

style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;"

! Literal translation

| Grand commander

| Upper commander

| Middle commander

| Lower commander

style="text-align:center;"

| rowspan=2| {{army|North Korea}}{{cite book |last1=Minnich |first1=James M. |editor1-last=Worden |editor1-first=Robert L. |title=North Korea: a country study |series=Area Handbook |date=2008 |publisher=Library of Congress |location=Washington, D.C. |lccn=2008028547 |pages=266, 268 |edition=5th |url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/frdcstdy.northkoreacountr00word/?sp=312 |access-date=20 October 2021 |chapter=National Security}}

| File:DPRK-Army-OF-9.svg

| File:DPRK-Army-OF-8.svg

| File:DPRK-Army-OF-7.svg

| File:DPRK-Army-OF-6.svg

style="text-align:center;"

| Army general

| Colonel general

| Lieutenant general

| Major general

style="text-align:center;"

| rowspan=2| {{navy|North Korea}}

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| Admiral of the Fleet

| Admiral

| Vice admiral

| Rear admiral

style="text-align:center;"

| rowspan=2| {{air force|North Korea}}

| File:DPRK-AirForce-OF-9.svg

| File:DPRK-AirForce-OF-8.svg

| File:DPRK-AirForce-OF-7.svg

| File:DPRK-AirForce-OF-6.svg

style="text-align:center;"

| Army general

| Colonel general

| Lieutenant general

| Major general

style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;"

!

| {{lang|ko|대장}}
{{lang|ko-Latn|Daejang}}

| {{lang|ko|상장}}
{{lang|ko-Latn|Sangjang}}

| {{lang|ko|중장}}
{{lang|ko-Latn|Chungjang}}

| {{lang|ko|소장}}
{{lang|ko-Latn|Sojang}}

style="background-color:#CCCCCC; text-align:center;"

! Rank group

colspan=4| General/flag officers

=South Korea=

style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"
style="background-color:#CCCCCC; text-align:center;"

! Rank group

colspan=4| General/flag officers
style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;"

! Hangul

| {{lang|ko|대장}}

| {{lang|ko|중장}}

| {{lang|ko|소장}}

| {{lang|ko|준장}}

style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;"

! Hanja

| {{lang|ko|大將}}

| {{lang|ko|中將}}

| {{lang|ko|少將}}

| {{lang|ko|准將}}

style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;"

! Romanization

| {{lang|ko-Latn|Daejang}}

| {{lang|ko-Latn|Jungjang}}

| {{lang|ko-Latn|Sojang}}

| {{lang|ko-Latn|Junjang}}

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! Literal translation

| Grand commander

| Middle commander

| Lower commander

| Given commander

style="text-align:center;"

| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Korea Armed Forces.svg}} Armed Forces{{cite web |title=gyegeubjang-ui jesig(je7joje2hang gwanlyeon) |script-title=ko:계급장의 제식(제7조제2항 관련) |trans-title=Rank insignia (related to Article 7 (2)) |url=https://www.law.go.kr/lsSc.do?section=&menuId=1&subMenuId=15&tabMenuId=81&eventGubun=060101&query=%EA%B5%B0%EC%9D%B8%EB%B3%B5%EC%A0%9C%EB%A0%B9#AJAX |website=law.go.kr |access-date=30 December 2021 |language=ko}}

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style="text-align:center;"

| English translation
{{small|(Army)}}{{cite book |last1=Katz |first1=Rodney P. |editor1-last=Savada |editor1-first=Andrea Matles |editor2-last=Shaw |editor2-first=William |title=South Korea: a country study |series=Area Handbook |date=1992 |publisher=Library of Congress |location=Washington, D.C. |lccn=91039109 |page=292 |edition=4th |url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/frdcstdy.southkoreacountr00sava_0/?sp=342 |access-date=2 January 2022 |chapter=National Security}}

| General

| Lieutenant general

| Major general

| Brigadier general

style="text-align:center;"

| colspan=5| {{hr}}

style="text-align:center;"

| English translation
{{small|(Navy)}}

| Admiral

| Vice admiral

| Rear admiral

| Rear admiral
(lower half)

style="text-align:center;"

| colspan=5| {{hr}}

style="text-align:center;"

| English translation
{{small|(Air Force)}}

| General

| Lieutenant general

| Major general

| Brigadier general

style="text-align:center;"

| colspan=5| {{hr}}

style="text-align:center;"

| English translation
{{small|(Marine Corps)}}

| General

| Lieutenant general

| Major general

| Brigadier general

style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;"

!

| {{lang|ko|대장}}
{{lang|ko-Latn|Daejang}}

| {{lang|ko|중장}}
{{lang|ko-Latn|Jungjang}}

| {{lang|ko|소장}}
{{lang|ko-Latn|Sojang}}

| {{lang|ko|준장}}
{{lang|ko-Latn|Junjang}}

style="background-color:#CCCCCC; text-align:center;"

! Rank group

colspan=4| General/flag officers

Vietnamese variant

{{main|Vietnamese military ranks and insignia}}

style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; text-align:center;"
style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"

! Rank group

! colspan=4|General/flag officers

style="background:#efefef;"

| Vietnamese

{{lang|vi|Đại tướng}}{{lang|vi|Thượng tướng}}{{lang|vi|Trung tướng}}{{lang|vi|Thiếu tướng}}
style=" background:#efefef;"

| Chữ Hán

{{Vi-nom|大將}}{{Vi-nom|上將}}{{Vi-nom|中將}}{{Vi-nom|少將}}
style="background:#efefef;"

| Literal translation

Grand generalUpper generalMiddle generalLower general
{{army|Vietnam}}{{cite web |title=Quy định quân hiệu, cấp hiệu, phù hiệu và lễ phục của Quân đội nhân dân Việt Nam |url=http://www.mod.gov.vn/wps/portal/!ut/p/b1/vZTbcqJAEIafJQ9gMcOZSxiOg6AcBW4sEVSECEEU5OmXbLJbm9RuvMk6fdVVf9fX_c_0EAkREclpcy32m66oT5vqNU_YtSraLi9BEQDgMcCgRDOYC1MicpMgngRIE3WamwPAz7VJIOqBKzgUBUTqY_2C0_mpHiGGCikIJECsiOgY0wM6W70i-ruynFfb1fYQX7ZNdtn5qHA8c6zP5WWtN7JZeulq7Id0jm6zQejicQQsiZnxbA4Q57NTs-r7sKUaVLQlv5USsiPHDjJShYe9dkQvriL39cy8OujA12x08P2QCfHIXDr1KPJw3aZRs1ueQ_tk1k_vs4F_HBHcm-2t_gvBHW9XRPJRoomhCgzsARFxDIlo7l3wlf0_BV_MEE8C7o8mfZ6bujBCgZZpCESW8IkI0GvveGuMsRzdI-iBPzrQBh0GXGhZnB7YQYXtbAE9ObRgG_RWig3Lx5Y3BqQn6MssdANJlOTL3r_eA3KPBjL_G6gt9Ndb8zHjLRwS0NSDJ3TobwdiItlXdTp9EGESU5JcG72ieOtDsFh6TK4Vy7piTSpNvZtbVTG5P_HXbTEfbE3I8eGUsfDs3MJcRU1WvTi52SWXoj-uFptwE0eD1SaoWy27ss1UyzsBf5fBgyr07TEdcUpK82dnN-SoyGZNv0CIXxou1HKc-HzKIoVLcXNBNuhNeNhYAPdT3oc2ZexMrbAYdqf6oTq-bBF5fiJsvX7OP9v3aRGdvz2QwVb6wR-xAUswWEHr2r5yswTJ9mXlBgJoW21meWUNvbIxz538yz4v4oToDpClHwx0uP8N_LwC4NGWst8ObJ6DqzlnXX2MfkeuXZ_fYv_0AytYOeM!/dl4/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/ |website=mod.gov.vn |publisher=Ministry of Defence (Vietnam) |access-date=30 May 2021 |date=26 August 2009|lang=vi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202031836/http://www.mod.gov.vn/wps/portal/!ut/p/b1/vZTbcqJAEIafJQ9gMcOZSxiOg6AcBW4sEVSECEEU5OmXbLJbm9RuvMk6fdVVf9fX_c_0EAkREclpcy32m66oT5vqNU_YtSraLi9BEQDgMcCgRDOYC1MicpMgngRIE3WamwPAz7VJIOqBKzgUBUTqY_2C0_mpHiGGCikIJECsiOgY0wM6W70i-ruynFfb1fYQX7ZNdtn5qHA8c6zP5WWtN7JZeulq7Id0jm6zQejicQQsiZnxbA4Q57NTs-r7sKUaVLQlv5USsiPHDjJShYe9dkQvriL39cy8OujA12x08P2QCfHIXDr1KPJw3aZRs1ueQ_tk1k_vs4F_HBHcm-2t_gvBHW9XRPJRoomhCgzsARFxDIlo7l3wlf0_BV_MEE8C7o8mfZ6bujBCgZZpCESW8IkI0GvveGuMsRzdI-iBPzrQBh0GXGhZnB7YQYXtbAE9ObRgG_RWig3Lx5Y3BqQn6MssdANJlOTL3r_eA3KPBjL_G6gt9Ndb8zHjLRwS0NSDJ3TobwdiItlXdTp9EGESU5JcG72ieOtDsFh6TK4Vy7piTSpNvZtbVTG5P_HXbTEfbE3I8eGUsfDs3MJcRU1WvTi52SWXoj-uFptwE0eD1SaoWy27ss1UyzsBf5fBgyr07TEdcUpK82dnN-SoyGZNv0CIXxou1HKc-HzKIoVLcXNBNuhNeNhYAPdT3oc2ZexMrbAYdqf6oTq-bBF5fiJsvX7OP9v3aRGdvz2QwVb6wR-xAUswWEHr2r5yswTJ9mXlBgJoW21meWUNvbIxz538yz4v4oToDpClHwx0uP8N_LwC4NGWst8ObJ6DqzlnXX2MfkeuXZ_fYv_0AytYOeM!/dl4/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/|archive-date=2 December 2021|url-status=dead}}

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Translation{{cite book |last1=Pike |first1=Douglas |editor1-last=Cima |editor1-first=Ronald J. |title=Vietnam: a country study |series=Area Handbook |date=1989 |publisher=Library of Congress |location=Washington, D.C. |lccn=88600482 |page=256 |edition=1st |url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/frdcstdy.vietnamcountryst00cima_0/?sp=310&st=image |access-date=31 December 2023 |chapter=National Security}}

| Army general

| Colonel general

| Lieutenant general

| Major general

{{air force|Vietnam}}

|

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Translation

|

| Colonel general

| Lieutenant general

| Major general

style="background:#efefef;"

| Vietnamese

{{lang|vi|Đại tướng}}{{lang|vi|Thượng tướng}}{{lang|vi|Trung tướng}}{{lang|vi|Thiếu tướng}}
style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"

! Rank group

! colspan=4|General/flag officers

=South Vietnamese variant=

{{main|South Vietnamese military ranks and insignia}}

style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; text-align:center;"
style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"

! Rank group

! colspan=5|General/flag officers

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| Vietnamese

| {{lang|vi|Thống tướng}}

| {{lang|vi|Đại tướng}}

| {{lang|vi|Trung tướng}}

| {{lang|vi|Thiếu tướng}}

| {{lang|vi|Chuẩn tướng}}

style=" background:#efefef;"

| Chữ Hán

{{Vi-nom|統將}}{{Vi-nom|大將}}{{Vi-nom|中將}}{{Vi-nom|少將}}{{Vi-nom|准將}}
style="background:#efefef;"

| Literal translation

Master generalGrand generalMiddle generalLower generalQuasi-general / Rear - general
{{army|South Vietnam}}
{{small|(1967-1975)}}{{cite book |author1=Armed Forces Information and Education |title=Uniforms of Seven Allies (DOD GEN-30) |date=1968 |publisher=Department of Defense |pages=26-28 |url=https://archive.org/details/UniformsOfSevenAllies01/Uniforms%20of%20Seven%20Allies%2026.jpg |access-date=2 July 2022}}

| 50px

| 50px

| 50px

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Translation

| General of the Army

| General

| Lieutenant general

| Major general

| Brigadier general

{{marines|South Vietnam}}
{{small|(1967-1975)}}

|

|

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| 50px

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Translation

|

|

| Lieutenant general

| Major general

| Brigadier general

{{air force|South Vietnam}}
{{small|(1967-1975)}}

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|50px

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Translation

| General of the Air Force

| General

| Lieutenant general

| Major general

| Brigadier general

style="background:#efefef;"

| Vietnamese

{{lang|vi|Thống tướng}}{{lang|vi|Đại tướng}}{{lang|vi|Trung tướng}}{{lang|vi|Thiếu tướng}}{{lang|vi|Chuẩn tướng}}
style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"

! Rank group

! colspan=5|General/flag officers

See also

References