Jiang (rank)#Republic of China Armed Forces
{{Short description|Rank held by general officers in some East Asian militaries}}
{{italic title}}
{{chinese
|name1=Chinese name
|t={{linktext|將}}
|s=将
|p=jiàng
|w=chiang
|altname=Other languages
|qn=Tướng
|chuhan=將
|kanji=将
|romaji=shō
|hangul=장
|hanja=將
|rr=jang
}}
Jiang (formerly romanized chiang and usually translated general) is a general officer rank used by China and Taiwan. It is also used as jang in North and South Korea, shō in Japan, and tướng in Vietnam.
Chinese
= People's Liberation Army =
The same rank names are used for all services, prefixed by haijun ({{zh|s=海军|t=海軍|l=naval force}}) or kongjun ({{zh|s=空军|t=空軍|l=air force}}).
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! Rank group ! colspan="3" |General/flag officers | |||
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| Chinese | {{lang|zh|上将}} | {{lang|zh|中将}} | {{lang|zh|少将}} |
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| Pinyin | {{lang|zh-Latn|Shàngjiāng}} | {{lang|zh-Latn|Zhōngjiāng}} | {{lang|zh-Latn|Shàojiāng}} |
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| Literal translation | Upper commander | Middle commander | Lower commander |
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| | | | |||
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| rowspan=2| {{navy|People's Republic of China|name=PLA Navy}} | |||
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| | | | |||
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| rowspan=2| {{air force|People's Republic of China|name=PLA Air Force}} | |||
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| | | | |||
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| rowspan=2| {{flagicon image|People's Armed Police Flag.svg}} People's Armed Police | |||
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| | | | |||
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| | {{lang|zh|上将}} {{lang|zh-Latn|Shàngjiāng}} | {{lang|zh|中将}} {{lang|zh-Latn|Zhōngjiāng}} | {{lang|zh|少将}} {{lang|zh-Latn|Shàojiāng}} |
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! Rank group ! colspan="3" |General/flag officers |
=={{lang|zh-Latn|Dajiang}}==
{{noref|section|date=September 2023}}
Under the rank system in place in the PLA in the era 1955–1965, there existed the rank of {{lang|zh-Latn|dajiang}} ({{zh|s=大将|l=Grand commander}}). This rank was awarded to 10 of the veteran leaders of the PLA in 1955 and never conferred again. It was considered equivalent to the Soviet rank of army general. The decision to name the equivalent rank {{lang|zh-Latn|yiji shangjiang}} ({{zh|s=一级上将|l=Upper commander first class}}) when it was briefly re-established in 1988-1994 was likely due to a desire to keep the rank of {{lang|zh-Latn|dajiang}} an honorary one awarded after a war, much as General of the Armies in the United States Army. It was offered to Deng Xiaoping who declined the new rank. Thus it was never conferred and scrapped in 1994.
= Republic of China Armed Forces =
{{main|Republic of China Armed Forces rank insignia}}
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! Rank group | colspan=4| General/flag officers | |||
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| Chinese | {{lang|zh-tw|一級上將}} | {{lang|zh-tw|二級上將}} | {{lang|zh-tw|中將}} | {{lang|zh-tw|少將}} | |
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| Pinyin | {{lang|zh-Latn|Yiji shangjiang}} | {{lang|zh-Latn|Erji shangjiang}} | {{lang|zh-Latn|Zhongjiang}} | {{lang|zh-Latn|Shaojiang}} | |
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| Literal translation | First class upper commander | Second class upper commander | Middle commander | Lower commander | ||||
{{army|Republic of China}}{{cite journal |title=Lùhǎikōng jūnfú zhì tiáolì fù tú |script-title=zh:陸海空軍服制條例附圖 |trans-title=Drawings of the Uniform Regulations of the Army, Navy and Air Force |journal=Gazette of the Presidential Palace |date=7 November 1996 |issue=6769 |pages=65–67 |url=https://www.president.gov.tw/Portals/0/Bulletins/paper/PDF/6769-2.PDF |access-date=15 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306002354/https://www.president.gov.tw/Portals/0/Bulletins/paper/PDF/6769-2.PDF |archive-date=6 March 2017}}
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Translation{{cite web |author1=Ministry of National Defense |title=Act of Commission for Officers and Noncommissioned Officers of the Armed Forces |url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=F0030002 |website=law.moj.gov.tw |publisher=Ministry of Justice |access-date=17 August 2022 |date=4 December 2019}}
| General | ||||
{{naval|Taiwan}} | ||||
Translation
| Admiral | ||||
{{air force|Taiwan}}
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Translation
| General | ||||
{{marines|Taiwan}}
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| | General | ||||
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| | {{lang|zh-tw|一級上將}} {{lang|zh-Latn|Yiji shangjiang}} | {{lang|zh-tw|二級上將}} {{lang|zh-Latn|Erji shangjiang}} | {{lang|zh-tw|中將}} {{lang|zh-Latn|Zhongjiang}} | {{lang|zh-tw|少將}} {{lang|zh-Latn|Shaojiang}} |
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! Rank group | colspan=4| General/flag officers |
Japanese variant
The same rank names are used for all services, prefixed by {{lang|ja-Latn|riku}} ({{langx|ja|陸|lit=land}}), {{lang|ja-Latn|kai}} ({{langx|ja|海|lit=sea}}) or {{lang|ja-Latn|kū}} ({{langx|ja|空|lit=air}}). The rank insignia of the {{lang|ja-Latn|Bakuryōchō-taru-shō}} ({{langx|ja|幕僚長たる将}}) was enacted on December 1, 1962, and before that, it was the same three-star as other {{lang|ja-Latn|Shō}} ({{langx|ja|将}}). The English notation of the {{lang|ja-Latn|Shō}} in the English version of the Defense White Paper is as follows.
- {{lang|ja-Latn|Tōgōbakuryōchō-taru-Rikusho, Kaishõ,mata-ha Kũshō}} ({{langx|ja|統合幕僚長たる陸将、海将または空将}}) GEN, ADM or Gen serving as Chief of Staff Joint Staff Office.
- {{lang|ja-Latn|Rikujõbakuryōchō-taru-Rikushõ}} ({{langx|ja|陸上幕僚長たる陸将}}) General serving as JGSDF Chief of Staff.
- {{lang|ja-Latn|Rikushō}} ({{langx|ja|陸将 }}) General.
- {{lang|ja-Latn|Kaijōbakuryōchō-taru-Kaishō}} ({{langx|ja|海上幕僚長たる海将}}) Admiral serving as JMSDF Chief of Staff.
- {{lang|ja-Latn|Kaishō}} ({{langx|ja|海将}}) Vice Admiral.
- {{lang|ja-Latn|Kōkūbakuryōchō-taru-Kũshō}} ({{langx|ja|航空幕僚長たる空将}}) General serving as JASDF Chief of Staff.
- {{lang|ja-Latn|Kūshō}} ({{langx|ja|空将}}) General.
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! Rank group | colspan=4| General/flag officers | ||
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| Japanese | {{lang|ja|幕僚長たる将}} | {{lang|ja|将}} | {{lang|ja|将補}} | |
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| {{lang|ja-Latn|Bakuryōchō-taru-shō}} | {{lang|ja-Latn|Shō}} | {{lang|ja-Latn|Shō-ho}} | |
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| Literal translation | Commander serving as Chief of staff | Commander | Supplementary commander |
{{army|Japan|name=Japanese Army}}{{cite web |title=自衛官の階級 |trans-title=Self-Defense Forces rank |url=https://www.mod.go.jp/j/profile/mod_sdf/class/ |website=mod.go.jp |publisher=Japanese Ministry of Defense |access-date=7 June 2021 |language=ja}}
| File:JGSDF General insignia (b)(dark purple).svg | File:JGSDF Lieutenant General insignia (b)(dark purple).svg | |||
U.S. equivalent{{cite book |last1=Dolan |first1=Ronald E. |editor1-last=Worden |editor1-first=Robert L. |title=Japan: a country study |series=Area Handbook |date=1999 |publisher=Library of Congress |location=Washington, D.C. |lccn=91029874 |page=449 |edition=5th |url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/frdcstdy.japancountrystud00dola/?sp=505&st=image |access-date=12 February 2024 |chapter=National Security}}
| General | |||
{{naval|Japan|name=Japanese Navy}} | |||
U.S. equivalent
| Admiral | |||
{{air force|Japan|name=Japanese Air Force}}
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U.S. equivalent
| General | |||
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| | {{lang|ja|幕僚長たる将}} {{lang|ja-Latn|Bakuryōchō-taru-shō}} | {{lang|ja|将}} {{lang|ja-Latn|Shō}} | {{lang|ja|将補}} {{lang|ja-Latn|Shō-ho}} |
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! Rank group | colspan=4| General/flag officers |
Korean variant
{{see also|Comparative military ranks of Korea}}
{{Infobox Korean name
| title = Jang
| hangul = 장
| hanja = 將
| rr = jang
| mr = chang
}}
=North Korea=
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! Rank group | colspan=4| General/flag officers |
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! Hangul | {{lang|ko|대장}} | {{lang|ko|상장}} | {{lang|ko|중장}} | {{lang|ko|소장}} | |
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! Hanja | {{lang|ko|大將}} | {{lang|ko|上將}} | {{lang|ko|中將}} | {{lang|ko|少將}} | |
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| {{lang|ko-Latn|Daejang}} | {{lang|ko-Latn|Sangjang}} | {{lang|ko-Latn|Chungjang}} | {{lang|ko-Latn|Sojang}} | |
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! Literal translation | Grand commander | Upper commander | Middle commander | Lower commander | |
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| Army general | Colonel general | Lieutenant general | Major general | |
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| rowspan=2| {{navy|North Korea}} | 50px | 50px | 50px | 50px | |
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| Admiral of the Fleet | Admiral | Vice admiral | Rear admiral | |
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| Army general | Colonel general | Lieutenant general | Major general | |
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! | {{lang|ko|대장}} | {{lang|ko|상장}} | {{lang|ko|중장}} | {{lang|ko|소장}} | |
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! Rank group | colspan=4| General/flag officers |
=South Korea=
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! Rank group | colspan=4| General/flag officers |
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! Hangul | {{lang|ko|대장}} | {{lang|ko|중장}} | {{lang|ko|소장}} | {{lang|ko|준장}} | |
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! Hanja | {{lang|ko|大將}} | {{lang|ko|中將}} | {{lang|ko|少將}} | {{lang|ko|准將}} | |
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| {{lang|ko-Latn|Daejang}} | {{lang|ko-Latn|Jungjang}} | {{lang|ko-Latn|Sojang}} | {{lang|ko-Latn|Junjang}} | |
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! Literal translation | Grand commander | Middle commander | Lower commander | Given commander | |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Korea Armed Forces.svg}} Armed Forces{{cite web |title=gyegeubjang-ui jesig(je7joje2hang gwanlyeon) |script-title=ko:계급장의 제식(제7조제2항 관련) |trans-title=Rank insignia (related to Article 7 (2)) |url=https://www.law.go.kr/lsSc.do?section=&menuId=1&subMenuId=15&tabMenuId=81&eventGubun=060101&query=%EA%B5%B0%EC%9D%B8%EB%B3%B5%EC%A0%9C%EB%A0%B9#AJAX |website=law.go.kr |access-date=30 December 2021 |language=ko}} | 100px | 100px | 100px | 100px | |
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| English translation | General | |
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| colspan=5| {{hr}} | |
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| English translation | Admiral | |
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| colspan=5| {{hr}} | |
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| English translation | General | |
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| colspan=5| {{hr}} | |
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| English translation | General | |
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! | {{lang|ko|대장}} | {{lang|ko|중장}} | {{lang|ko|소장}} | {{lang|ko|준장}} | |
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! Rank group | colspan=4| General/flag officers |
Vietnamese variant
{{main|Vietnamese military ranks and insignia}}
=South Vietnamese variant=
{{main|South Vietnamese military ranks and insignia}}
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! Rank group ! colspan=5|General/flag officers | |||||
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| {{lang|vi|Thống tướng}} | {{lang|vi|Đại tướng}} | {{lang|vi|Trung tướng}} | {{lang|vi|Thiếu tướng}} | {{lang|vi|Chuẩn tướng}} | |||||
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| Chữ Hán | {{Vi-nom|統將}} | {{Vi-nom|大將}} | {{Vi-nom|中將}} | {{Vi-nom|少將}} | {{Vi-nom|准將}} |
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| Literal translation | Master general | Grand general | Middle general | Lower general | Quasi-general / Rear - general |
{{army|South Vietnam}} {{small|(1967-1975)}}{{cite book |author1=Armed Forces Information and Education |title=Uniforms of Seven Allies (DOD GEN-30) |date=1968 |publisher=Department of Defense |pages=26-28 |url=https://archive.org/details/UniformsOfSevenAllies01/Uniforms%20of%20Seven%20Allies%2026.jpg |access-date=2 July 2022}} | 50px | 50px | 50px | 50px | 50px | |||||
Translation
| General | |||||
{{marines|South Vietnam}} {{small|(1967-1975)}} | | | 50px | 50px | 50px | |||||
Translation
| | | |||||
{{air force|South Vietnam}} {{small|(1967-1975)}} |50px |50px |50px |50px |50px | |||||
Translation
| General | |||||
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| Vietnamese | {{lang|vi|Thống tướng}} | {{lang|vi|Đại tướng}} | {{lang|vi|Trung tướng}} | {{lang|vi|Thiếu tướng}} | {{lang|vi|Chuẩn tướng}} |
style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"
! Rank group ! colspan=5|General/flag officers |
See also
Ranks used in Chinese character-using countries