Jimena Muñoz

Jimena's origin has been subject to scholarly discussion and debate. Her patronymic indicates that her father was named Munio, and a contemporary chronicler, Bishop Pelagius of Oviedo, called her nobilisima (very noble), while the Crónicas anónimas de Sahagún describes her similarly, muy noble.{{sfn|Canal Sánchez-Pagín|1991|p=26}} The 17th-century historian Luis Alfonso de Carvallo made her sister of Galician count Rodrigo Muñoz and daughter of count Munio Rodríguez by his wife Jimena Ordóñez, granddaughter of king Bermudo II of León. In this he was followed the next century by church historian Enrique Flórez, but both the chronology and the politics would seem to militate against this placement.{{sfn|Canal Sánchez-Pagín|1979|pp=18-19,29}} She would appear to be the woman of this name in charters of the monastery of San Pedro de Montes along with a Munio Muñoz and his wife Velasquita. With Munio appearing to be too old to have been her brother, historian Quintana Prieto suggested that these were Jimena's parents. He likewise suggests that Munio was the count of this name who accompanied Alfonso to Seville.{{sfn|Quintana Prieto|1969|pp=230-234,246-254}} Other historians have accepted this relationship, and, further, have made Munio Muñoz a son of Munio Rodríguez and Jimena Ordóñez, by which connection Jimena would be a descendant of Bermudo II.{{sfn|Mello Vaz de São Payo|2002}}{{sfn|Rodríguez González|2007|pp=158,165}}

On the other hand, Canal Sánchez Pagín called attention to a Jimena Muñoz, who was sister of Asturian count Rodrigo Muñoz, of Urraca Muñoz, wife of count Gómez González, and of Enderquina Muñoz, wife of count Fernando Díaz, all children of nobilisimi comitis Monio Gonçaluizi (very noble count Munio González).{{sfn|Canal Sánchez-Pagín|1991|pp=21-26}}{{sfn|Salazar y Acha|1992–1993|pp=310-315}} He concluded that, among the possible solutions to the parentage of Jimena, it was most likely she was identical to the daughter of this count Munio González and his wife Mayor.{{sfn|Canal Sánchez-Pagín|1991|p=29}} In this he was followed by genealogist Szabolcs de Vajay and historian Jaime de Salazar y Acha, who further showed that a count Munio Rodríguez (distinct from the husband of Jimena Ordóñez) had two daughters by his wife Jimena Muñoz: Velasquita and Mayor Muñoz, and he also showed that the wife of Munio Muñoz was named Velasquita Muñoz. He concluded that the king's lover, Jimena, was daughter of Munio González and this Mayor Muñoz, making her niece rather than daughter of Munio Muñoz and Velasquita Muñoz.{{sfn|Salazar y Acha|1992–1993|pp=310-315}}

In his study of the bishops of Astorga, Quintana Prieto suggested that Jimena was a relative of bishop Pedro of Astorga, who was deprived of his seat in the early 1070s, and confined at the San Pedro del Montes monastery. The bishop's father was named Munio González.{{sfn|Rodríguez González|2007|pp=152}} Jimeno would make donations both to the San Pedro monastery and to Astorga Cathedral, as well as to the Hospital de San Juan.

Jimena is thought to have formed a liaison with Alfonso in the period between his first and second marriages, and she appears to have retired from court not long after the birth of her younger daughter and Alfonso's marriage to Constance of Burgundy. He would name his former mistress his tenente (non-hereditary feudal administrator) over Castillo de Cornatel in El Bierzo, a role she occupied from 1093 to 1108. She died in 1128.

{{chart top|Alternative ancestries for Jimena Muñoz}}

{{chart/start|style=font-size:111%|align=center}}

{{chart|border=0| | | | | Flo | | | | | | | | | | MSP | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SyA| |Flo=Flórez
reconstruction | MSP= Mello Vaz
de São Paio
reconstruction |SyA=Salazar
y Acha
reconstruction }}

{{chart|border=0|}}

{{chart|border=0| | | | | Be2 | | | | | | | | | | Be2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MuR| | | | Be2=Bermudo II
of León| MuR=Munio
Rodríguez
Canis}}

{{chart|border=0| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|.|}}

{{chart|border=0| | | | | OrV | | | | | | | | | | OrV | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | MuM | OrV=Ordóño
Vermúdez |MuM=Munio
Muñoz}}

{{chart|border=0| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | GoM |v| EiM | | | | | |!| | GoM=Gonzalo
Muñoz|EiM=Eilo
Muñoz}}

{{chart|border=0| MuR |v| JiO | | | | | | MuR |v| JiO | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | MuR |v| JiM | MuR=Munio
Rodríguez|JiO=Jimena
Ordóñez | JiM=Jimena
Muñoz}}

{{chart|border=0| | | |o|P|P|P|P|P|P|T| | | | |o|P|P|T| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| }}

{{chart|border=0| | | RoM | Al6 |~| JiM | | | RoM | MuM |r| Vel | | | | | | MuG |v| MaM | MuM |-| VeM | |RoM=Rodrigo
Muñoz|JiM=Jimena
Muñoz|Al6=Alfonso VI
of León|MuM=Munio
Muñoz|Vel=Velasquita|VeM=Velasquita
Muñoz|MaM=Mayor
Muñoz|MuG=Munio
González}}

{{chart|border=0| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Q| | | | | | | | | |,|-|+|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|.|}}

{{chart|border=0| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Al6 |~| JiM | | | Al6 |~| Ji2 | RoM | UrM |-| GoG | EnM |-| FeD | JiM=Jimena
Muñoz |Al6=Alfonso VI
of León| Ji2=Jimena
Muñoz|RoM=Rodrigo
Muñoz|UrM=Urraca
Muñoz|GoG=Gómez
González|EnM=Enderquina
Muñoz|FeD=Fernando
Díaz}}

{{chart/end}}

{{chart bottom}}

File:EpitafioJimenaMuñiz MuseoLeón.jpg

Jimena would be interred in San Andrés monastery, Vega de Espinareda, in the El Bierzo region of León. Her grave, now lost, was once marked with an inscribed memorial stone that is now held by the Museo de León in that city.{{sfn|Rodríguez González|2007|pp=143-168}}

By her relationship with Alfonso, Jimena Muñoz was mother of two daughters, both of whom would marry prominent counts.

• Elvira Alfónsez{{Sfn|Reilly|1992|p=90}} ({{c.}} 1079 – aft. April 1157), who was married first to Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse{{Sfn|Reilly|1992|p=90}} and then to Count Fernando Fernández de Carrión.{{Sfn|Salazar y Acha|1992–1993|p=310}}
• Teresa Alfónsez{{Sfn|Reilly|1992|p=90}}{{Sfn|Salazar y Acha|1992–1993|pp=310–311}} (c. 1080 – 11 November 1130), who married Henry, Count of Portugal;{{Sfn|Reilly|1992|p=90}} they received the right to rule the County of Portugal and their son, Afonso Henriques, became the first king of Portugal.{{Sfn|Salazar y Acha|1992–1993|pp=310–311}}

{{reflist|2}}

• {{cite journal| last=Canal Sánchez-Pagín | first= José Mª | title=Jimena Muñoz, amiga de Alfonso VI | year= 1991 | journal=Anuario de Estudios Medievales | number=21 | issn =0066-5061 | pages=11–40 }}

• {{cite journal | last=Canal Sánchez-Pagín | first= José Mª | title =La infanta doña Elvira, hija de Alfonso VI y Gimena Muñoz, a la luz de los diplomas | year = 1979 | journal = Archivos Leoneses: Revista de estudios y documentación de los Reinos Hispano-Occidentales | number=66 | issn =0004-0630 | pages =271–288 }}

• {{cite book| last = Mello Vaz de São Payo | first = Luiz | title = A Herança Genética de D. Afonso Henriques| year = 2002 | publisher = Universidade Moderna do Porto| location = Oporto | language = Portuguese| isbn =84-7846-781-5}}

• {{cite journal | last= Quintana Prieto | first =Augusto |title= Jimena Muniz, madre de Doña Teresa de Portugal | year =1969 | journal = Revista Portuguesa de História | volume=12 | issue =12 | page=223-280| doi =10.14195/0870-4147_12_11 | hdl=10316.2/46741 |issn= 0870-4147}}

• {{cite journal | last=Quintana Prieto | first=Augusto | title=La infanta Doña Elvira, hija de Alfonso I y de Jimena Muñiz | year=1984 | journal=Temas Bercianos | number= 3| pages=277–401 | oclc= 13582389}}

• {{cite book|last= Reilly|first=Bernard F.|title=The Contest of Christian and Muslim Spain: 1031-1157|year=1992|publisher= Blackwell|location=Cambridge, Mass. |isbn= 9780631199649}}

• {{cite journal | last=Rodríguez González | first= María del Carmen | title =Concubina o esposa. Reflexiones sobre la unión de Jimena Muñiz con Alfonso VI | year = 2007 | journal=Studia historica. Historia medieval | number=25 | issn =0213-2060 | pages=143–168 | url =http://campus.usal.es/~revistas_trabajo/index.php/Studia_H_Historia_Medieval/article/viewFile/1254/1329 }}

• {{cite journal| last=Salazar y Acha | first= Jaime de | year = 1992–1993 | title = Contribución al estudio del reinado de Alfonso VI de Castilla: algunas aclaraciones sobre su política matrimonial| journal=Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía | pages= 299–335 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4vYu4DcPqnoC&pg=PA303 | issn=1133-1240 }}

• {{cite journal| last= Salazar y Acha | first = Jaime de | title = Los descendientes del conde Ero Fernández, fundador de Monasterio de Santa María de Ferreira de Pallares|year = 1989|journal = El Museo de Pontevedra|number=43| pages = 67–86|issn =0210-7791}}

• {{cite book| last = Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León| first = Margarita Cecilia| title = Linajes nobiliarios de León y Castilla: Siglos IX-XIII| year = 1999|publisher = Junta de Castilla y León| place = Salamanca| isbn =84-7846-781-5}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jimena Munoz}}

Category:1128 deaths

Category:Year of birth unknown

Category:Mistresses of Spanish royalty

Category:People from León, Spain

Category:11th-century nobility from the Kingdom of León

Category:12th-century nobility from León and Castile

Category:11th-century Spanish women

Category:12th-century Spanish women

Category:Mothers of Portuguese monarchs