Jimmy Cauty

Cauty was born on the Wirral Peninsula.{{cite web|url=http://search.findmypast.co.uk/results/world-records/england-and-wales-births-1837-2006?firstname=james+f&lastname=cauty+&eventyear=1956&eventyear_offset=1|title=findmypast.co.uk|website=Search.findmypast.co.uk|access-date=20 January 2018|url-access=registration}} As a 17-year-old artist, he drew a popular The Lord of the Rings poster (and later, a counterpart based on The Hobbit) for British retailer Athena.{{Cite news|title=The KLF|work=Western Mail|location=Cardiff|date=4 March 2005|page=29}}

In 1981–82, Cauty was guitarist in a band called Angels 1–5, who recorded a Peel session on 1 July 1981.{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/johnpeel/sessions/1980s/1981/Jul01angels15/|title=BBC - Radio 1 - Keeping It Peel - 01/07/1981 Angels 1 - 5|website=Bbc.co.uk|access-date=20 January 2018}} Lead vocalist was Cressida Bowyer, whom Cauty later married.{{Cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/arts/jimmy-cauty-is-the-jam-jar-rebel-6404473.html|title=Jimmy Cauty is the Jam Jar rebel|date=24 May 2011|work=Evening Standard}} He then joined the band Brilliant{{Cite web|title=Return of the KLF: 'They were agents of chaos. Now the world they anticipated is here'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2017/apr/27/return-of-the-klf-bill-drummond-jimmy-cauty|first=Andrew|last=Harrison|date=27 April 2017|work=The Guardian}} with which he remained until its break-up in 1986. Cauty was also an original member of Zodiac Mindwarp and the Love Reaction,{{Cite web|author-link=|last=Robbins|first=Ira|publisher=Trouser Press|url=https://trouserpress.com/entry.php?a=klf|title=KLF|access-date=4 September 2006}} in 1985.

Cauty joined with Bill Drummond to form the Justified Ancients of Mu Mu (the JAMs), a collaboration that played out in various guises and media over much of the next decade.

As an A&R man, Drummond had signed Brilliant to WEA.{{Allmusic|id=mn0000627485|title=Brilliant|first=Dan|last=Leroy|tab=biography|access-date=5 March 2020}} Concocting a scheme for a hip-hop record on New Year's Day 1987, Drummond needed a like-minded collaborator with expertise in current music technology, and so contacted Cauty. Drummond later commented that Cauty "knew exactly, to coin a phrase, 'where I was coming from'". A week later, the JAMs had recorded their debut single, "All You Need Is Love".{{Cite episode |title=It's a Steal - Sampling |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00yrr89 |series=The Story of Pop |station=BBC Radio 1 |number=48 |language=en |author=Alan Freeman |author2=Bill Drummond |minutes=31}} First broadcast in 1994, per {{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/proginfo/2016/03/the-story-of-pop|title=The Story of Pop|publisher=BBC Radio 6 Music |access-date=9 March 2020}} Several singles and three albums as the JAMs followed (their debut, 1987; the follow-up, Who Killed the JAMs?; and compilation Shag Times) before a change of direction saw the duo mutate into dance and ambient music pioneers, the KLF. The duo had their first British number one hit single as the Timelords with the Gary Glitter/Dr. Who novelty-pop mash-up "Doctorin' the Tardis", claimed to be sung by Cauty's 1968 Ford Galaxie American police car. During this period, Cauty also worked with Tony Thorpe of the Moody Boys; besides remix and production work by the Moody Boys for the KLF and vice versa,{{KLFDiscography}} Thorpe and Cauty recorded the single "Journey into Dubland" together at the KLF's Trancentral studios.{{Cite AV media notes|title=Journey into Dubland|publisher=XL Recordings|id=XLEP-107|year=1990|others=The Moody Boys}}{{Cite magazine|magazine=Music Technology|publisher=Music Maker Publications|date=May 1994|first=Phil|last=Ward|title=Mood Music|url=https://www.muzines.co.uk/articles/mood-music/7770|access-date=18 March 2020}}

The KLF released two albums, Chill Out and The White Room, and a string of top 5 singles, becoming the biggest selling singles act in the world in 1991.{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=mn0000074853|title=KLF|first=John|last=Bush|tab=biography|access-date=5 March 2020}} In 1992, suddenly and very publicly, the KLF retired from the music industry and deleted their entire back catalogue.KLF Communications advertisement in New Musical Express, 16 May 1992.{{LibraryOfMu|mu-id=315|title=Who Killed The KLF|work=Select|date=July 1992|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011034454/http://www.libraryofmu.net/display-resource.php?id=315 |archive-date=11 October 2016|first=William|last=Shaw|author-link=William Shaw (writer)}}{{LibraryOfMu|mu-id=309|title=Timelords gentlemen, please!|work=New Musical Express|date=16 May 1992|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011034313/http://www.libraryofmu.net/display-resource.php?id=309 |archive-date=11 October 2016 }}

Drummond and Cauty re-emerged in 1993 as the K Foundation, releasing one limited edition single ("K Cera Cera"){{LibraryOfMu|mu-id=356|title=Yasser, they can boogie!|work=New Musical Express|date=13 November 1993|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916111935/http://www.libraryofmu.net/display-resource.php?id=356|archive-date=16 September 2016}} and awarding the £40,000 K Foundation art award for the "worst artist of the year".{{LibraryOfMu|tl=news|mu-id=364|title=K Foundation tries to turn the art world on its head |last=Dawson Scott |first=Robert |date=28 November 1993 |work=Scotland on Sunday |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916110254/http://www.libraryofmu.net/display-resource.php?id=364 |archive-date=16 September 2016}} In 1994, the duo courted infamy by setting fire to one million pounds in cash on the Scottish island of Jura.{{LibraryOfMu|tl=news|mu-id=387|last=Reid, Jim|title=Money to burn|work=The Observer|date=25 September 1994|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916120338/http://www.libraryofmu.net/display-resource.php?id=387 |archive-date=16 September 2016 }} In 1995, they undertook a screening tour of a film of the burning,{{Cite news|last=Banks-Smith|first=Nancy|author-link=Nancy Banks-Smith|title=From cash to ash|work=The Guardian|location=Manchester]|date=30 August 1995|page=T.009}}{{LibraryOfMu|mu-id=400 |title=Who wants to be a millionaire? |last=Harris |first=John |author-link=John Harris (critic) |date=November 1995 |work=Q Magazine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916110536/http://www.libraryofmu.net/display-resource.php?id=400 |archive-date=16 September 2016}} before signing a moratorium on K Foundation activities.{{LibraryOfMu|tl=news|mu-id=519 |title=Cape Wrath |author=K Foundation |date=8 December 1995 |work=The Guardian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916113827/http://www.libraryofmu.net/display-resource.php?id=519 |archive-date=16 September 2016|type=advertisement}}

Cauty worked with Drummond again in 1997 with a campaign to "Fuck the Millennium", the highlight of which was a 23-minute live performance satirising the "pop comeback", in which Cauty and Drummond appeared as grey-haired pensioners and wheeled around the stage in electric wheelchairs.{{LibraryOfMu|mu-id=439|title=Justified and (Very) Ancient?|work=Melody Maker|date=20 August 1997|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916115111/http://www.libraryofmu.net/display-resource.php?id=439|archive-date=16 September 2016}} They returned as The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu in 2017, with a novel - 2023: A Trilogy - and a 3-day festival, "Welcome to the Dark Ages".{{cite web|last=Paterson|first=Colin|author-link=Colin Paterson|title=The KLF return 23 years after bowing out of the music industry|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-41023934/the-klf-return-23-years-after-bowing-out-of-the-music-industry|work=BBC News|date=23 August 2017|access-date=27 February 2020|type=video}}{{Cite web|url=http://drownedinsound.com/news/4151283-the-ice-kream-van-kometh--the-justified-ancients-of-mu-mu-return|title=The Ice Kream Van Kometh: The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu Return|date=24 August 2017|access-date=26 February 2020|first=Max|last=Pilley|publisher=Drowned in Sound|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226003707/http://drownedinsound.com/news/4151283-the-ice-kream-van-kometh--the-justified-ancients-of-mu-mu-return}}{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-41022272|title=The KLF: Pop's saboteurs return after 23 years|date=23 August 2017|work=BBC News|access-date=26 February 2020}} Cauty confirmed that the duo's work is an ongoing project.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-46342573|title=KLF's Jimmy Cauty: 'We don't make records, we make pyramids out of dead people'|date=26 November 2018|access-date=26 February 2020|first=Ian|last=Youngs|work=BBC News}}

Throughout their career, Drummond has often been the mouthpiece of the group and was sometimes viewed, subjectively, as their chief protagonist. NME, for example, wrote: "One suspects that the real boiling genius of the duo is initiated by Drummond. The elements of the K Foundation affair are classic Drummond – honesty mixed with deranged publicity-seeking, pop terrorism ideas mixed with utter strangeness and mysticism..., and a sense that the things pop groups do should be visionary and above all should not be mundane."{{LibraryOfMu|mu-id=359|title=Tate tat and arty|work=NME|date=20 November 1993|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916112826/http://www.libraryofmu.net/display-resource.php?id=359|archive-date=16 September 2016}} However, the initial idea for the K Foundation's one million incineration was Cauty's, although he was beginning to express regret in 1995 at which time Drummond remained resolute.{{LibraryOfMu|mu-id=401|title=Torch Songs|work=The List|location=Edinburgh|date=3 November 1995|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916112500/http://www.libraryofmu.net/display-resource.php?id=401|archive-date=16 September 2016}}

Contrasting with Drummond's image, Jimmy Cauty was perceived, or presented, as "Rockman Rock – cool dude";Sounds, 6 February 1988 the "quiet", enigmatic one, a "long-haired and quietly spoken chain-smoker: a leather-jacketed misfit [who] has carried his adolescent rock obsession into adulthood".{{LibraryOfMu|mu-id=397|title=Special K|date=April 1995|work=GQ|first=William|last=Shaw|author-link=William Shaw (writer)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916115215/http://www.libraryofmu.net/display-resource.php?id=397|archive-date=16 September 2016}} However, as the previously quoted NME piece cautioned, "We can't underestimate the importance of Jimmy Cauty". Cauty was the musical bedrock of The KLF, whether laying down the starting track for "Doctorin' the Tardis",{{cite interview |last=Drummond|first=Bill|subject-link=Bill Drummond |interviewer=Richard Skinner |title=Saturday Sequence |publisher=BBC Radio 1 |date=December 1990|url=http://www.brandnew.co.uk/klf/billdrummond/Bill%20Drummond%20Interview_Radio1%20Dec90.mp3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524180959/http://www.brandnew.co.uk/klf/billdrummond/Bill%20Drummond%20Interview_Radio1%20Dec90.mp3 |archive-date=24 May 2006 }} or playing electric guitar, bass, drums and keyboard on "America: What Time Is Love?".{{Cite AV media notes|type=Sleevenotes|others=The KLF|publisher=KLF Communications|title=America: What Time Is Love?|id=KLF USA 4CD|year=1992}} He and his wife, Cressida, were at the centre of KLF operations, living and working at Trancentral (actually the Cautys' squat in Stockwell, London) and driving the "JAMsmobile" (Cauty's 1968 Ford Galaxie American police car) as their regular, everyday vehicle.The KLF interview, Snub TV, 30 January 1989 Cressida, too, helped out, taking on an organisational role for KLF Communications,{{LibraryOfMu|tl=web|mu-id=506|first=Cressida|last=Cauty|author-link=Cressida Cauty|publisher=KLF Communications|date=August 1989|title=KLF Info Sheet 6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916120931/http://www.libraryofmu.net/display-resource.php?id=506|archive-date=16 September 2016}} in addition to design and choreography work for The KLF, and her own work as an artist.{{LibraryOfMu|tl=news|mu-id=384|last=Sharkey|first=Alix|title=Trash Art & Kreation|work=The Guardian Weekend|date=21 May 1994|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916110256/http://www.libraryofmu.net/display-resource.php?id=384|archive-date=16 September 2016}}

Engineer Mark Stent recalled Drummond as providing "big concepts and insane ideas", whereas Cauty - he said - was "literally a musical genius".

John Higgs wrote in The KLF: Chaos, Magic and the Band who Burned a Million Pounds that:

{{quote|A simplified description of their partnership would portray Cauty as the musician and Drummond as the strategist, but this view doesn't hold up to scrutiny. All of the products of their partnership, whether musical or otherwise, came out of mutual agreement. Cauty is just as capable of burning stuff as Drummond.... Cauty is practical and above all curious, quick to get his hands dirty, experiment and see what happens. He is a catalyst.{{cite book|title=The KLF: Chaos, Magic and the Band who Burned a Million Pounds|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|first=John|last=Higgs|author-link=John Higgs|date=26 September 2013|isbn=978-1-78022-655-2}}{{rp|95–96}}}}

In the late 1980s, Cauty met Alex Paterson and the duo began DJing and producing together as the Orb. Paterson and Cauty's first release was a 1988 acid house anthem track, "Tripping on Sunshine" released on the compilation Eternity Project One, put together by Paterson's childhood friend{{cite news|work=The Guardian |last=Simpson |first=Dave |date=19 January 2001 |page=6 |title=Interview with Alex Paterson of the Orb: 'If you print that, I'll come looking for you'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/friday_review/story/0,3605,423960,00.html|access-date=6 March 2020}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/jun/07/how-we-made-the-orb-little-fluffy-clouds-interview|title=How we made the Orb's Little Fluffy Clouds|type=Interview with Youth and Alex Paterson|first=Dave|last=Simpson|date=7 June 2016|work=The Guardian|access-date=7 March 2020}} and Cauty's ex-bandmate, Martin "Youth" Glover.{{cite book|last=Shapiro|first=Peter|title=The Rough Guide to Drum 'n' Bass|author-link=Peter Shapiro (journalist)|year=1999|isbn=1-85828-433-3|publisher=Rough Guides|page=327}} The following year, the Orb released the Kiss EP, a four-track EP based on samples from New York City's Kiss FM on Paterson and Youth's new record label WAU/Mr. Modo Records.

After spending a weekend of making what Paterson described as "really shit drum sounds", the duo decided to abandon beat-heavy music and instead work on music for after-hours listening by "taking the bloody drums away".{{cite news|last=Doerschuck|first=Robert|work=Keyboard Magazine|date=June 1995|title=Inside the Ambient Techno Ultraworld}}{{Cite news|last=McCormick|first=Neil|author-link=Neil McCormick|title=Yes, this is the cutting edge of rave music|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|department=The Arts|page=26|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/4710794/Yes-this-is-the-cutting-edge-of-rave-music.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160226082656/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/4710794/Yes-this-is-the-cutting-edge-of-rave-music.html|archive-date=26 February 2016|date=11 October 1998|access-date=11 March 2020}} Paterson and Cauty began DJing in London and landed a deal in 1989 for the Orb to play the chill-out room at London nightclub Heaven.{{cite book |last=Prendergast |first=Mark |title=The Ambient Century: From Mahler to Moby – The Evolution of Sound in the Electronic Age |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC |year=2003 |isbn=1-58234-323-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/ambientcenturyfr00pren/page/408 408] }} Resident DJ Paul Oakenfold brought in the duo specifically as ambient DJs for his "The Land of Oz" event at Heaven.{{cite news|newspaper=The Irish Times|last=Boyd|first=Brian|date=23 October 1998|page=12|title=Unidentified Flying Orb}}

Though initially the Orb's Monday night performances had only several "hard-core" followers, their "Chill Out Room" act grew popular over the course of their six-month stay at Heaven to the point that the small room was often packed with around 100 people.{{cite book|last = Toop|first = David|author-link = David Toop|title=Ocean of Sound|url = https://archive.org/details/oceansoundaether00toop|url-access = limited|publisher=Serpent's Tail|pages=[https://archive.org/details/oceansoundaether00toop/page/n71 59]–62|year=2001|isbn = 1-85242-743-4}} The Orb's performances became especially popular among weary DJs and clubbers who sought solace from the loud, rhythmic music of the dancefloor.{{Allmusic|id=mn0000891575|first=John|last=Bush|title=The Orb|tab=biography|access-date=5 March 2020}} The Orb would build up melodies using multitrack recordings linked to multiple record decks and a mixer. They incorporated many CDs, cassettes, and BBC sound effects into their act, often accompanied with pieces of popular dance tracks such as "Sueño Latino". Most often, they played dub and other chill out music which Bill Drummond described as "Ambient house for the E generation."{{cite magazine|last=Crispy|first=Don|url=http://metropolis.co.jp/tokyo/590/clubs.asp|title=Alex Paterson|magazine=Metropolis|access-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704194423/http://metropolis.co.jp/tokyo/590/clubs.asp|archive-date=4 July 2007}}

Throughout 1989, Paterson, Cauty, Drummond and Youth developed the musical genre of ambient house through the use of a diverse array of samples and recordings. The culmination of Cauty and Paterson's musical work came towards the end of the year when the Orb recorded a session for John Peel on BBC Radio 1. The track, then known as "Loving You", was largely improvisational and featured a wealth of sound effects and samples from science fiction radio plays, nature sounds, and Minnie Riperton's "Lovin' You".{{Allmusic|id=mw0000678186|title=Peel Sessions - The Orb|last=Thompson|first=Dave|access-date=5 March 2020}} The Orb changed the title to "A Huge Ever Growing Pulsating Brain That Rules from the Centre of the Ultraworld". In 1990, Cauty and Drummond held a chillout party at Trancentral, Cauty's squat. A recording of Patersons DJing was made with a view to releasing it as an LP but the mix contained many uncleared samples and other records and was unusable.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} Later that year Cauty and Drummond went to the isle of Jura, Scotland to record a techno record called Gate.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} Instead they created a long form ambient film called Waiting (1990). During the same year Cauty and Drummond went into the studio and made the ambient LP Chill Out.{{cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Simon|year=1999|isbn=0-415-92373-5|publisher=Routledge|title=Generation Ecstasy: Into the World of Techno and Rave Culture|page=191}} The Grove Dictionary suggests Chill Out to be the first ambient house album.{{Cite Grove |last=Fulford-Jones |first=Will |title=Ambient house}}

When offered an album deal by Big Life, the Orb found themselves at a crossroads. Cauty preferred that albums by the Orb were released on his KLF Communications label, whereas Paterson wanted to ensure the Orb did not become an offshoot of The KLF.{{cite news|title=Don't make negative waves|last=Toop|first=David|author-link=David Toop |date=3 June 1994|work=The Times}} Due to these issues, Cauty and Paterson split in April 1990, with Paterson keeping the name the Orb. Cauty removed Paterson's contributions from the recordings in progress and released the album as Space on KLF Communications.{{LibraryOfMu|tl=web|mu-id=509|publisher=KLF Communications|date=June 1990|title=KLF Communications Info Sheet Nine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312052937/http://www.libraryofmu.org/display-resource.php?id=509|archive-date=12 March 2007}}

In 1999 Cauty produced several remixes under the alias The Scourge of the Earth for Placebo, Marilyn Manson, Hawkwind, Ian Brown, the Orb, and others. In December 1999 he joined with Guy Pratt, Lloyd Stanton and Denise Palmer to record and release a mobile telephone-themed novelty-pop record "I Wanna 1-2-1 With You" under the name Solid Gold Chartbusters.{{Cite press release|title=The World's First Novelty Supergroup present: 'I Wanna 1-2-1 With You'|publisher=Virgin Records|date=1999|url=http://klf.de/home/wp-content/uploads/I-Wanna-1-2-1-With-You-English-Press-Release.jpg}}{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/klf-8-1392856|title=IT'S CRAPMASSSSSSS!!!!|date=10 November 1999|magazine=NME|access-date=20 March 2020}} It was released as competition for the Christmas Number One but only reached Number 62 in the UK Singles Chart.{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/8588/solid-gold-chartbusters/|title=Solid Gold Chartbusters|publisher=The Official Charts Company|access-date=20 March 2020}}

In 2001, Cauty joined with former collaborators Alex Paterson and Pratt in a London recording studio, together with Dom Beken, an associate of Pratt.{{cite web|url=http://www.transitkings.com/TransitKings/WaitingRoom.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214212217/http://www.transitkings.com/TransitKings/WaitingRoom.html|archive-date=14 December 2006|title=Transit Kings' official biography|url-status=usurped}} Recording later continued in Cauty's Brighton studio. In 2003, the group released their first single, "Boom Bang Bombay", under the name Custerd.{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/artist/Custerd|title=Custerd|website=Discogs.com|access-date=20 January 2018}} Subsequently, they settled on the name "Transit Kings". Cauty left the band in 2004 to work on other projects. Two years later, the Transit Kings released their debut album, Living in a Giant Candle Winking at God; Cauty is listed as a composer on seven of the album's 12 tracks.{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/release/763820|title=Transit Kings - Living in a Giant Candle Winking at God|website=Discogs.com|date=21 August 2006 |access-date=20 January 2018}}

In 2002, Cauty's two remixes of U2's "New York" were featured as B-sides on the band's Electrical Storm single.

Cauty was, until mid-2005,{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} part of art/music collective Blacksmoke, together with James Fogarty and manager Keir Jens-Smith."Row over gas masked Queen", BBC News, 4 June 2003 ([http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/southern_counties/2963414.stm link]){{cite magazine|title=Interview: The KLF's James Cauty |last=Butler |first=Ben |url=http://rocknerd.org/article.pl?sid=03/06/18/0539252 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210011728/http://rocknerd.org/article.pl?sid=03%2F06%2F18%2F0539252 |archive-date=10 December 2007 |type=interview with Jimmy Cauty for The Big Issue Australia|magazine=Rocknerd|date=18 June 2003|quote=Its just me and this heavy metal maniac called James Fogerty, he writes the basic stuff in his parents basement in the middle of the night. I deconstruct it and apply a blacksmoke template, mix it and package it for the mass market. There's also Kier our project manager who hates the music business and refuses to use the telephone. Quite a brilliant team I think.}}

Cauty works with the L-13 Light Industrial Workshop, London which he explains "is not a gallery, it's a support system, spiritual home and technical epicentre for a small group of artists"Appel, Marco. [https://www.proceso.com.mx/457586/la-pequena-insurreccion-cauty "La pequeña insurrección de Cauty."], Proceso, 5 October 2016. which includes Billy Childish, Jamie Reid, and Harry Adams. Cauty first worked in conjunction with L-13 on the Cautese Nationál Postal Disservice. Subsequent collaborations included the Riot in a Jam Jar exhibitions and the ADP Riot Tour - is a vast 1:87 scale model in a 40-foot shipping container which tours historic riot sites around the world. L-13 continue to collaborate with Cauty and Drummond, running "dead perch merch", official merchandise operatives to The JAMs.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}

Following 2003 media speculation that Saddam Hussein could launch a poison chemical attack on London, Cauty designed the Stamps of Mass Destruction for Blacksmoke Art Collective. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd class stamps featuring the Queen's head wearing a gas mask were released as limited edition prints and exhibited at Artrepublic Gallery, Brighton.{{cite web|url=http://www.artrepublic.com/biographies/35-james-cauty.html|title=James Cauty|work=artrepublic.com}} Following a legal battle over alleged copyright infringement, the stamps were sent to Royal Mail for destruction.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/southern_counties/2963414.stm Row Over Gas Masked Queen], BBC News, 4 June 2003.Left, Sarah. [https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/jun/04/post.artsfeatures Royal Mail Stamps Down on Postage Art], The Guardian, 4 June 2003.

In 2004, Cauty installed a gift shop, Blackoff, at the Aquarium Gallery, based on the UK government's Preparing for Emergencies leaflet. The installation included "terror aware" items, such as "terror tea towels", "attack hankies" and "bunker-buster jigsaw puzzles" (the latter missing one piece). He commented, "The gift shop becomes the place we can explore our branding ideas, Cash for trash – it represents the futility and the glory of it all."Arendt, Paul.[http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,,1353862,00.html "The art that stole Christmas"], The Guardian, 18 November 2004; retrieved 1 September 2007.

In response to the Iraq War troop surge of 2007, Cauty developed Operation Magic Kingdom, a series of images showing US forces in Iraq wearing masks of lovable and friendly Disney characters, adopting the UK's "winning hearts and minds" tactics in a bid to gain the confidence of the Iraqi people. In Operation Magic Kingdom "the rules of engagement have been changed to include 'try and be more fun' before firing."Cauty, James. [https://jamescauty.com/work/operation-magic-kingdom/ "Operation Magic Kingdom press release"], The Aquarium, April 2007. The images were launched at the Bayswater Road Sunday Art Exhibition,{{Cite web |title=Bayswater Road Artists |url=https://www.bayswater-road-artists.co.uk |website=Bayswater-road-artists.co.uk}} bombed onto billboards and fly-posted across London, as well as being released by The Aquarium as limited edition prints and stamps.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}

In June 2011 he held a public exhibition at The Aquarium L-13 entitled A Riot in a Jam Jar consisting of a series of scale dioramas depicting violent confrontations between British rioters and police, each contained within an inverted glass jar. In 2012, Cauty premiered his short film, Believe the Magic, starring Debbie Harry, Nick Lehan and Branko Tomović, at Tate Modern as part of the annual Merge festival.[http://mergefestival.co.uk/artists/believe-the-magic-by-jimmy-cauty.html Believe The Magic], Merge Festival Programme, 30 November 2011.[https://www.film-news.co.uk/show-news.asp?nItemID=18426 Jimmy Cauty's 'Believe the Magic' trailer starring Debbie Harry], film-news.co.uk, 6 April 2013.

File:James Cauty Smiley Riot Shield, acrylic on appropriated ex-police riot shield, 2014.jpg

The ideas of A Riot in a Jam Jar evolved into the Aftermath Dislocation Principle, shown at the Hoxton Arches in October 2013.Pilger, Zoe.[https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/reviews/art-review-james-cauty-the-aftermath-dislocation-principle-parts-i-and-ii-8874179.html "Art review: James Cauty, The Aftermath Dislocation Principle Parts I and II"], The Independent, 11 October 2013. The 448-square-foot installation at 1:87 scale (representing approximately one square mile) details the desolate and charred aftermath of what appears to have been a devastating riot. The sculpture, constructed by modifying components of traditional model railway kits, took approximately 8 months to complete includes nearly 3,000 police figures and a soundtrack pitched to match the 1:87 scale. The piece "makes a political statement about societal freedom and state control".Tucker, Johnny.[https://www.designcurial.com/news/devil-in-the-detail-4157979/ "Devil in the Detail: James Cauty's Dystopia in Miniature"], Blueprint, 10 January 2014. The Aftermath Dislocation principle then toured the Netherlands, being shown at Piet Hein Eek Gallery, Eindhoven (November 2013),{{cite web|url=https://www.pietheineek.nl/nl/kunstgalerie/james-cauty|title=Piet Hein Eek|work=pietheineek.nl|date=12 August 2016}} Cultuurwerf, Vlissingen (April 2014),[http://cultuurwerf.nl/expos/james-cauty-the-aftermath-dislocation-principle/ "James Cauty the Aftermath Dislocation Principle"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417155602/http://cultuurwerf.nl/expos/james-cauty-the-aftermath-dislocation-principle/ |date=17 April 2015 }}, cultuurwerf.nl; accessed 20 January 2018. and Mediamatic, Amsterdam (July–August 2014).[http://www.mediamatic.net/370219/en/opening-the-aftermath-dislocation-principle "Opening: The Aftermath Dislocation Principle – A Disaster Tour with Jimmy Cauty"], Mediamatic, 10 July 2014.

In 2015, the work was exhibited at Banksy's Dismaland and then in London.{{cite web|url=https://www.streetartnews.net/2015/08/james-cauty-installation-at-dismaland.html|title=James Cauty Installation at Dismaland – Weston Super Mare, UK|website=StreetArtNews.net|date=25 August 2015}} Following this it was re-engineered to fit inside a 40-foot shipping container and now tours historic riot sites around the world.{{cite web|url=https://crackmagazine.net/article/art/jimmy-cauty-sustained-resistance|title=Jimmy Cauty: Sustained Resistance|work=Crack Magazine|date=March 2016|first=Augustin|last=Macellari|access-date=18 March 2020}}

In 2014, Cauty released a series of limited edition Smiley Riot Shields. Each are all ex-police riot gear painted over with a yellow smiley face. He originally designed the riot shields in 2012 as a symbol of "non-violent direct action"[https://skrufff.com/2014/02/jimmy-cauty-the-art-of-smiley-riot-shield-protest-i-am-more-of-a-rough-chip-shop-artist-interview "Cauty: The Art of Smiley Riot Shield Protest"], Skrufff.com, 17 February 2014. and as a practical self-protective measure for his step-daughter during the Occupy St Paul's eviction.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}

Cauty was married to Cressida ({{née}} Bowyer), with whom he has twins and a younger son. He later married artist and musician Alannah Currie (formerly of Thompson Twins){{Cite web|url=https://www.clashmusic.com/features/back-from-the-ashes-jimmy-cauty|title=Back From The Ashes - Jimmy Cauty|date=30 May 2012|first=Kris|last=Needs|author-link=Kris Needs|publisher=Clash Music|access-date=2 March 2020}} in 2011.

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• Anti-art

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Category:1956 births

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Category:People from the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral

Category:British conceptual artists

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