Jinan dialect

{{Infobox language

|name=Jinan dialect

|nativename=濟南話

|states=Urban Jinan in the People's Republic of China

|region=Northeastern China

|speakers=?

|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan

|fam2=Sinitic

|fam3=Chinese

|fam4=Mandarin

|fam5=Jilu Mandarin

|isoexception=dialect

|glotto=jina1245

|glottorefname=Jinan Mandarin

|notice=IPA

}}

The Jinan dialect ({{zh|t=濟南話|s=济南话|p=Jǐnánhuà}}) is a Mandarin Chinese dialect spoken in Jinan in Shandong province, China. It is a variety of Jilu Mandarin.

Phonetics and phonology

=Consonants=

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto" \|+ Consonants of the Jinan dialect ! colspan=2\| ! Labial ! Alveolar ! Alveolo-palatal ! Retroflex ! Velar
colspan=2\|Nasal \| {{IPA link\|m}} \| {{IPA link\|n}} \| {{IPA link\|ɲ}} \| \| {{IPA link\|ŋ}}
rowspan=2\|Plosive ! voiceless unaspirated \| {{IPA link\|p}} \| {{IPA link\|t}} \| \| \| {{IPA link\|k}}
voiceless aspirated \| {{IPA link\|pʰ}} \| {{IPA link\|tʰ}} \| \| \| {{IPA link\|kʰ}}
rowspan=2\|Affricate !voiceless unaspirated \| \| {{IPA link\|ts}} \| {{IPA link\|tɕ}} \| {{IPA link\|tʂ}} \|
voiceless aspirated \| \| {{IPA link\|tsʰ}} \| {{IPA link\|tɕʰ}} \| {{IPA link\|tʂʰ}} \|
rowspan=2\|Fricative !voiced \| \| \| \| {{IPA link\|ʐ}} \|
voiceless \| {{IPA link\|f}} \| {{IPA link\|s}} \| {{IPA link\|ɕ}} \| {{IPA link\|ʂ}} \| {{IPA link\|x}}
colspan=2\|Approximant \| \| {{IPA link\|l}} \| \| \|

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto"

|+ Consonants of the Jinan dialect

! colspan=2|

! Labial

! Alveolar

! Alveolo-palatal

! Retroflex

! Velar

colspan=2|Nasal

| {{IPA link|m}}

| {{IPA link|n}}

| {{IPA link|ɲ}}

| {{IPA link|ŋ}}

rowspan=2|Plosive

! voiceless unaspirated

| {{IPA link|p}}

| {{IPA link|t}}

| {{IPA link|k}}

voiceless aspirated

| {{IPA link|pʰ}}

| {{IPA link|tʰ}}

| {{IPA link|kʰ}}

rowspan=2|Affricate

!voiceless unaspirated

| {{IPA link|ts}}

| {{IPA link|tɕ}}

| {{IPA link|tʂ}}

voiceless aspirated

| {{IPA link|tsʰ}}

| {{IPA link|tɕʰ}}

| {{IPA link|tʂʰ}}

rowspan=2|Fricative

!voiced

| {{IPA link|ʐ}}

voiceless

| {{IPA link|f}}

| {{IPA link|s}}

| {{IPA link|ɕ}}

| {{IPA link|ʂ}}

| {{IPA link|x}}

colspan=2|Approximant

| {{IPA link|l}}

=Tones=

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto" \|+ Tone chart of the Jinan dialect
Tone number	Tone name	Tone contour	Description
1 \| yin ping ({{lang\|zh\|陰平}})\|\| {{IPA\|˨˩˧}} (213) \|\| dipping
2 \| yang ping ({{lang\|zh\|陽平}})\|\| {{IPA\|˥}} (5) \|\| high
3 \| shang sheng ({{lang\|zh\|上聲}})\|\| {{IPA\|˨˦}} (24) \|\| rising
4 \| qu sheng ({{lang\|zh\|去聲}})\|\| {{IPA\|˨˩}} (21) \|\| low

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto"

|+ Tone chart of the Jinan dialect

Tone number

Tone name

Tone contour

Description

| yin ping ({{lang|zh|陰平}})|| {{IPA|˨˩˧}} (213) || dipping

| yang ping ({{lang|zh|陽平}})|| {{IPA|˥}} (5) || high

| shang sheng ({{lang|zh|上聲}})|| {{IPA|˨˦}} (24) || rising

| qu sheng ({{lang|zh|去聲}})|| {{IPA|˨˩}} (21) || low

References

Běijīng dàxué Zhōngguó yǔyán wénxuéxì yǔyánxué jiàoyánshì. (1989). Hànyǔ fāngyīn zìhuì. Běijīng: Wénzì gǎigé chūbǎnshè. (北京大學中國語言文學系語言學教研室. 1989. 漢語方音字匯. 北京: 文字改革出版社)
Norman, Jerry. [1988] (2002). Chinese. Cambridge: CUP {{ISBN|0-521-29653-6}}
Yuán, Jiāhuá. (1989). Hànyǔ fāngyán gàiyào (An introduction to Chinese dialects). Beijing: Wénzì gǎigé chūbǎnshè. (袁家驊. 1989. 漢語方言概要. 北京:文字改革出版社.)

External links

[http://www.chiculture.net/0604/html/c06/0604c06.html Cantonese and other dialects] (in Chinese)
[http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/classification/mandarin/jilu/index.php Classification of Jilu Dialects from Glossika]

Category:Mandarin Chinese

Category:Jinan