Jitte

In feudal Japan, it was a crime punishable by death to bring a sword into the shōgun{{'}}s palace. This law applied to almost everyone, including the palace guards. Due to this prohibition, several kinds of non-bladed weapons were carried by palace guards. The jitte proved particularly effective and evolved to become the symbol of a palace guard's exalted position.[http://www.vancouverjujitsu.org/html/jutte.html Jutte (Ju-Te): The "Power-of-Ten-Hands" Weapon]

In Edo-period Japan, the jitte was a substitute for a badge, and it represented someone on official business. It was carried by all levels of police officers, including high-ranking samurai police officials and low-rank samurai law enforcement officers (called okappiki{{citation needed|date=July 2022|reason=okappiki were not samurai, or even official police. They were only lent jitte if a situation called for it.}} or doshin).Stephen Turnbull, The Samurai Swordsman: Master of War, p.113Don Cunningham, Taiho-Jutsu: Law and Order in the Age of the Samurai, Tuttle Publishing, 2004; p.65 Other high-ranking samurai officials carried a jitte as a badge of office,Serge Mol, Classical weaponry of Japan: special weapons and tactics of the martial arts, pp.77–78 including hotel, rice and grain inspectors (aratame).Cunningham, p.72William E. Deal, Handbook to life in medieval and early modern Japan, pp.166–167 The jitte is the subject of the Japanese martial art of jittejutsu.Serge Mol, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzIXkFec0e8C&dq=juttejutsu.&pg=PA80 Classical weaponry of Japan: special weapons and tactics of the martial arts], Kodansha International, 2003

Image:Yari jutte.JPG in the hilt]]

Jitte may have a small point or blade attached to the hilt (tsuka) and hidden in the main shaft (boshin). Jitte could be highly decorated with all manner of inlays and designs or very plain and basic depending on the status of the owner and the jitte's intended use. Jitte could range in length from around 12 to over 24 in ({{cvt|12|-|24|in|cm|disp=out}}). The modern jitte has a main shaft of about {{cvt|45|cm|in}} long, which ends in a blunt point (sentan), and a one-hooked tine (kagi) of about {{cvt|5|cm|in}} long starting just above the hilt. A popular misconception is that the kagi is used to catch a sword. It could possibly be used for this purpose, but the hook's proximity to the hand would make it rather dangerous; a more likely use for the hook would be to capture and arrest the blade after blocking it with the boshin.Serge Mol, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzIXkFec0e8C&dq=juttejutsu.&pg=PA80 Classical weaponry of Japan: special weapons and tactics of the martial arts], Kodansha International, 2003; p.80 The kagi{{'}}s more common use is to hook into clothing or parts of the body like the nose or mouth, or to push into joints or other weak points on the body. It also could be used to hook the thumb while holding the weapon backwards, to allow different techniques such as punches and blocks, similarly to a sai. The jitte can also be used in much the same manner as other short sticks or batons, to strike large muscle groups and aid in joint manipulation.

Cunningham, p.66

Daniel C. Pauley, Samantha Pauley, [https://books.google.com/books?id=XJDT2baaAZIC&dq=jutte+boshin&pg=PA65 Pauley's Guide: A Dictionary of Japanese Martial Arts and Culture], 2009, p.65

• Boshin, the main shaft of the jitte which could be round or faceted. The boshin of most jitte were iron, but some were made from wood.Thomas Louis, Tommy Ito, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wExlaM1ov0sC&dq=hachiwara&pg=PA128 Samurai: The Code of the Warrior], Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2008; p.129
• Kagi, the hook protruding from the side of the boshin. Jitte may have more than one kagi, with some jitte having two or even three kagi.
• Kan, the ring or loop at the pommel of the tsuka. A cord or tassel could be tied to the kan. Also note its 'skull cracker' design.
• Kikuza ("chrysanthemum seat"): if the kagi is attached to the boshin through a hole in the boshin, the protrusion on the opposite side is called a kikuza.
• Koshirae. Jitte can occasionally be found housed in a sword-type case hiding the jitte from view entirely. This type of jitte can have the same parts and fittings as a sword, including seppa, tsuba, menuki, koiguchi, kojiri, nakago, mekugi-ana and mei.
• Sentan, the blunt point of the main shaft of the jitte.
• Tsuba, a hand guard present on some types of jitte.
• Tsuka, the hilt of the jitte, which could be wrapped or covered with various materials, or left plain.
• Tsukamaki, the wrapping on the hilt (tsuka). Materials such as ray skin (same), leather, and cord were used.

• Hachiwara
• Karakuri jitteSerge Mol, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzIXkFec0e8C&dq=Marohoshi+jutte&pg=PA211 Classical weaponry of Japan: special weapons and tactics of the martial arts], Kodansha International, 2003; p.221
• Marohoshi
• Naeshi or nayashi jitte have no hook or kagi.
• Tekkan

File:Jutte sentan (tip or point).jpg|The sentan (tip or point) of a jitte with a hexagonal boshin (shaft)

File:Jutte tsuka and tsukamaki 2.jpg|The tsuka (handle) showing the ray skin (same) tsukamaki (handle wrap)

File:Jutte kan 2.jpg|The kan (end loop)

File:Jutte kagi close up.JPG|The kagi (hook)

File:Naesshi or nayashi jutte 1.jpg|Naesshi or nayashi jitte, a hookless jitte

File:Antique Japanese (samurai) jutte with a wooden boshin.JPG|A jitte with a wooden shaft

File:Antique Japanese (samurai) jutte with a hexagon boshin.JPG|An antique jitte with a hexagonal boshin (shaft)

Image:2 sai jutte.JPG|A matched pair of iron jitte and two kagi (hooks), similar to a sai, copper covered tsuka (handle) and iron kan (end loop) with tassel

Karakuri_jitte.jpg|Karakuri jitte

{{Reflist|2}}

{{Commons category}}

• [http://www.samuraiweapons.org/Jutte_Samurai.php Samurai Weapons, Samurai Armors and the Samurai way of life.]
• [http://www.e-budokai.com/weapons/index.htm Don Cunningham's web site, Edo period police weapons and tactics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306032313/http://e-budokai.com/weapons/index.htm |date=2016-03-06 }}
• [https://seishinninpodojo.wordpress.com/2009/10/06/roles-and-techniques-of-the-police-during-the-edo-period-1603-1867-by-dr-kacem-zoughari/ ROLES AND TECHNIQUES OF THE POLICE DURING THE EDO PERIOD (1603–1867) by Dr. Kacem Zoughari]

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