Johan Cronman

{{Infobox officeholder

| name =Johan Cronman

| image =COA family sv Cronman, Baron.svg

| caption = Cronman coat-of-arms

|image_size=200px

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1662|11|2}}

| birth_place =Unanitz, Swedish Ingria

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1737|7|26|1662|11|2}}

| death_place = Malmö, Sweden

| resting_place =Caroli Church, Malmö

|allegiance = {{flagicon|Sweden}} Swedish Empire

| rank=Lieutenant-general

| parents = Joakim Cronman (1638–1703)
Lunetta Makeléer (1639–1693)

| relatives =Fritz Cronman, uncle
John Hans Makeléer, grandfather
Joachim von Rohr, nephew{{cite book |author=August Theodor Låstbom |author-link=August Theodor Låstbom |title=Swea och Götha höfdinga-minne sedan 1720 |year=1843 |quote=J, dotter af Ofwersten och Commendanten Joachim Cronman. Gift med Charlotta Klingenberg, dotter af Majoren Johan Klingenberg och Elisabeth Wellingks | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VmFkAAAAMAAJ }}

|order=2nd

|office =Governor of Malmöhus County

| term_start =1727

| term_end =1737

| appointed =

| predecessor =Carl Gustaf Hård

| successor =Wilhelm Bennet

|order2=

|office2 =Commandant of Malmö Castle

| term_start2 =1727

| term_end2 =1737

| appointed2 =

| predecessor2 =

| successor2 =

}}

File:Malmöhus slott 2.jpg, the largest fortification in Skåne]]

Johan Cronman (November 2, 1662 – July 26, 1737) was a lieutenant general and the commandant of the Skåne fortress in the Swedish Empire as well as the Governor of Malmöhus County from 1727 to 1737.{{cite book|first= Carl Otto |last=Nordensvan|author-link=Carl Otto Nordensvan|title=Värmlands regementes historia |year=1904| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B8FjHwAACAAJ }}{{cite book |first1=Anders Anton |last1=von Stiernman|author-link1=Anders Anton von Stiernman |first2=Johan Adam |last2=Rehbinder | first3= Carl Fredric |last3=Rothlieb | first4=Carl Gustaf |last4=Kröningssvärd |author4-link=Carl Gustaf Kröningssvärd |title=Matrikel öfwer Swea rikes ridderskap |year=1754 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YLkDAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA580 }} He was Baron of Alatskivi, Kodafer and Kokora; and Master of Vosuauer and Sattkula.

Biography

He was born on November 2, 1662, in Unanitz, Ingria. He was the son of Joakim Cronman (1638–1703) and Lunetta Makeléer (1639–1693).{{cite book |author=Ulla Birgegård (translator and editor) |title=J.G. Sparwenfeld's diary of a journey to Russia 1684–87 |year=2002 |quote= ... Johan Cronman (1662–1737). He was born in Ingria and became a lieutenant with the garrison regiment of Narva in December 1683 (Elgenstierna ...| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2t9oAAAAMAAJ&q=joakim |isbn=91-554-2444-9 }}Joachim Cronman was the son of Hans Detterman Cronman (1590-after 1645), Lord of Alatskivi; and Ursula Kordes (1600–1675). Joachim married Lunetta Makeléer (1639–1693) on August 9, 1657, in Göteborg, Sweden. Lunetta was the daughter of John Hans Makeléer. Joakim Cronman was a colonel at the Narva fortress starting in 1679. He was the Colonel for the Savolaks and Nyslott regiments in 1683. He became the Commandant of Neumünde and died on March 5, 1703.His siblings were: Ursula Cronman (1660–1745) who married Christoffer Fredrik von Grothenhielm (1655–1705); Anna Catharina Cronman (c1662-c1685) who married Hans Christoffer von Rohr I (1626–1700) who was killed in action in the Battle of Narva and their son was Joachim von Rohr; and Hedvik Elisabeth Cronman (1663–1699) who married Henrik Aminoff (1653-?) Lunetta was the daughter of John Hans Makeléer who was a merchant and banker who had emigrated from Scotland to Sweden. Johan joined the military and was commissioned as a lieutenant with the Narva garrison, and second captain with the Närke and Värmland regiments in 1687. He was promoted to captain with the Zurlauben regiment in 1699, and was made a lieutenant-colonel in 1701. He was promoted to colonel of the Kronoberg Regiment in 1706. On July 11, 1709, he was at surrender at Perevolochna and held prisoner in Siberia until 1722. Johan returned to Sweden after his release and was promoted to lieutenant-general of the infantry in 1722. He was made a baron in 1727, and named the Governor of Malmö and commandant of Malmö Castle, both in 1727. Through his life, he fought in 13 battles, but was never wounded. He spoke 8 languages: Swedish, Latin, German, Estonian, Polish, Russian, French and Dutch.{{cite book|author=Peter Englund|author-link=Peter Englund|title=The Battle That Shook Europe: Poltava and the Birth of the Russian Empire |year=2003 |isbn=9781860648472 |quote=Cronman, Johan 1662–1737, Lieutenant with Narva Garrison 1683, Second-Captain with Närke-Värmland regiment 1687, Captain with Zurlauben's regiment 1699, Lieutenant-Colonel 1701, Colonel of Kronoberg Regiment 1706, captured at Perevolochna, returned 1722, Lieutenant-General of Infantry 1722, Baron 1727, County Governor of Malmohus and Commandant of Skåne Province 1727. Fought in 13 battles, never wounded. Spoke 8 languages: Swedish, Latin, German, Estonian, Polish, Russian, French and Dutch.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EP79gZ7SNBcC&pg=PA265 }} He died on July 26, 1737, at age 75. He had never married or had children.

Legacy

A plaque at St Petri, Malmö, reads in German:

{{lang|de|Ihro Konigl:r Maij:ts Zu Schweden

Wolbestalter Generallientenant der Infanterie Landes

Hauptman und OberCommendannt der Festungen Zu Schonen

Hochwolgebohren Baron H:r Johan Cronman Freijherr Von

Alatskivi Kadaster und Kakara Herr Von Vosuauer

Sattkula Gebohren Auf Alatskivi 1662 den 2 Novemb.

Gelich Gestorben In Malmö den 26

Julii 1737.}}

It translates into English as:

His Royal Majesty of Sweden recognizes

Lieutenant General of the Infantry,

Governor and High Commandant at the Fortress of Skåne,

Honourable Baron Mr. Johan Cronman, Baron to Alatskivi, Kodafer and Kokora, Master of Wasuva (possibly) and

Sottkylä (possibly). Born at Alatskivi November 2, 1662. Died in Malmö on July

26, 1737.

A plaque at Caroli Church in Malmö reads:

{{lang|de|Hier ligt der weyland

hoch geborne herr

baron general lieutenant landshauptmann

und ober commandant

Johann Cronmann.

Freyherr von alt

und neu Alatskivi.

Herr von Kokara

und Sottkyl.

Anno 1737}}

It translates into English as:

Here lies

Lieutenant General, Baron,

Governor,

and Commandant

Johan Cronmann.

Baron of old

and new Alatskivi.

Lord of Kokora

and Sottkylä.

Year 1737

References

Images

File:Johan Cronman Malmo St Peter church.jpg|Plaque at St Petri, Malmö

File:Johan_Cronman_Malmo_Sweden.jpg|Plaque at Caroli Church, Malmö

External links

[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~corpusnobiliorum/sb193.html Cronman family tree] based on Gabriel Anrep and Gustaf Elgenstierna
[http://gravstenogepitafier.dk/malmoe2.htm Johan Cronman grave in Malmö]

Category:1662 births

Category:1737 deaths

Category:17th-century Swedish military personnel

Category:Politicians from Malmö

Category:Governors of Malmöhus County

Category:Swedish people of German descent

Johan

Category:People from Peipsiääre Parish

Category:Swedish military personnel of the Great Northern War

Category:Swedish prisoners of war

Category:18th-century Swedish military personnel

Category:Prisoners of war held by Russia