Johann Schwarzer#Works

File:Saturn-Film_Logo_ab1908.jpg, 1908]]

In the early 1900s, Schwarzer resettled in Vienna and became a portrait and family photographer and chemist. To supplement his income, Schwarzer began making erotic photos which were used on naughty postcards common to the era.

In 1906, he became interested in the men's-only theatre nights organized in Austrian cinemas that showed adult films, so-called Herrenabende ("night shows for men"). Seeing that money could be made from these types of films, Schwarzer organized the Saturn-Film company in 1906 to produce such films, in his Viennese roof-top studio, in competition to the French product then being exclusively shown. Before Schwarzer's productions, erotic films in Austria were supplied by the French Pathé brothers. Saturn-Film was the first native film production company based in Austria.{{Cite web |url=http://www.europafilmtreasures.eu/PL/281/a-brief-history-sand_bath |title=A brief History: Das Sandbad |access-date=2011-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126193004/http://www.europafilmtreasures.eu/PL/281/a-brief-history-sand_bath |archive-date=2011-11-26 |url-status=dead |website=Europa Film Treasures }} Schwarzer produced and directed these erotic feature films, with basic plots (artist and model, bath scene) which allowed for voyeurism and female nudity but not, he insisted, pornography. Each film contained young local women fully nude.

• {{cite web |title=Frühe Interventionen: Suffragetten – Extremistinnen der Sichtbarkeit |trans-title=Early Interventions: Suffragettes - Extremists of Visibility |url=https://www.dhm.de/archiv/kino/fruehe_interventionen.html |website=Deutsches Historisches Museum |access-date=1 April 2022 |date=2010-09-23 |quote=Die österreichische Firma Saturn stellte etwa vier Jahre lang „pikante Szenen“ für Herrenabende her. In der Produktion Beim Photographen geht es um die Anstrengungen, ein williges Modell zu finden; um eine große Dame, die durchaus Gefallen findet, nackt fotografiert zu werden; ihre Inszenierungsvorschläge und um die begierigen Klienten des Fotografen. Das eitle Stubenmädchen genießt es im gleichnamigen Film, allein im Raum und selbstvergessen wie eine nackte Statue zu posieren. }}
• {{cite web |title=Suffragettes before the camera |url=https://thebioscope.net/2010/08/18/suffragettes-before-the-camera/ |website=The Bioscope |access-date=1 April 2022 |language=en |date=18 August 2010}}
• {{cite journal |last1=Fullerton |first1=John |title=Early Cinema Today: The Art of Programming and Live Performance. KINtop. Studies in Early Cinema I (review) |journal=Film History: An International Journal |date=2012 |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=354–356 |doi=10.2979/filmhistory.24.3.354 |s2cid=147568394 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/485885 |access-date=1 April 2022 |issn=1553-3905|url-access=subscription }}
• {{cite web |last1=Bernstorff |first1=Madeleine |title=Der Fanatismus der Suffragettes |url=https://vimeo.com/577929991 |website=vimeo |access-date=1 April 2022 |date=22 July 2021 |quote=Trailer für das Filmprogramm 'Frühe Interventionen. Suffragetten - Extremistinnen der Sichtbarkeit'.}}

Unlike his predecessors, Schwarzer conducted his business as a public company, advertising in local newspapers, motion picture trade journals and adding a logo to his films like any other European producer. Saturn-Film also published a regular film catalog within its first couple years of existence. Despite this effort, Saturn-Films often appeared shorn of their logos and rendered anonymous, like other, similar subjects once they got further afield of Vienna,{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}} possibly due to piracy, as the Saturn-Film logo appears as part of the film set, in all frames of some extent films.

In 1911, Saturn-Film was raided and closed down by the police as a part of a crackdown on erotic materials in Vienna. The authorities destroyed the main film vault which at that time consisted of 52 productions.Michael Achenbach, Paolo Caneppele, Ernst Kieninger: Projektionen der Sehnsucht: Saturn, die erotischen Anfänge der österreichischen Kinematografie. Filmarchiv Austria, Wien 2000, {{ISBN|3-901932-04-6}}.

Censorship prevented Saturn from rising again. Johann Schwarzer tried to get a fresh start in film distribution, but without the ‘spicy’ films he had become famous for. After three months, he abandoned the effort and left Vienna for Africa. He resurfaced in April 1914, when he married the young Olga Emilie Jarosh-Stehlik.{{cite web |title=A brief History : Projektionen der Sehnsucht |url=http://www.europafilmtreasures.eu/PL/248/a-brief-history-projected_aspiration |website=Europa Film Treasures |access-date=1 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128192827/http://www.europafilmtreasures.eu/PL/248/a-brief-history-projected_aspiration |archive-date=28 January 2012 |quote=There are a total of 52 Saturn films, most of which come from Albert Fidelius’ collection in Berlin.}} Schwarzer was an army reservist who was called up with the outbreak of World War I on 28 July 1914. He was made a second lieutenant by the time he perished in battle at Wirballen, Poland on 10 October of that year.{{cite journal |last1=Withey |first1=Beth |title=Reflections on the Veil: Tracing Blurred Boundaries of Politics and Desire in Vienna's Saturn-Films |journal=The Ozark Historical Review |date=2016 |volume=45 |page=31 |url=https://fulbright.uark.edu/departments/history/publications/OHR-45.pdf |access-date=1 April 2022 |publisher=Department of History, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas |issn=2325-4211 |quote=By 1914, Johann Schwarzer, age thirty-four was dead: a second lieutenant in the Austro-Hungarian forces killed in Poland at the battle of Wirballen within three months of his arrival at the front. (Achenbach, Ballhausen, and Wostry, Saturn: Wiener Filmerotik 1906–1910, 7–31.)}}{{cite book |editor1-last=Achenbach |editor1-first=Michael |editor2-last=Ballhausen |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Wostry |editor3-first=Nikolaus |title=Saturn: Wiener Filmerotik 1906-1910 |date=2009 |publisher=Verlag Filmarchiv Austria |location=Wien |oclc=517261558 |isbn=978-3-902531-80-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vXFpYgEACAAJ |language=de}}{{cite book |author1=Filmarchiv Austria |title=Tresor 1: Saturn-Filme 1906-1910 |date=8 January 2010 |publisher=Hoanzl |url=https://www.amazon.de/dp/B003V4G2X6 |quote=(DVD) In his Viennese roof-top studio, he produced erotic films for the world market. via amazon}}

Saturn-Film consciously chose to advertise its films as being erotic, rather than pornographic. A quote from its 1907 catalog, probably written by Schwarzer, states "our films are of a purely artistic tendency, and we avoid tasteless subjects in favor of beauty." Schwarzer's adult films were more professional in quality then their French and Argentine counterparts and were the most widely distributed and popular adult films made in the first decade of the 20th century.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}

Despite the destruction of the main film vault in 1911 about a half of the 52 films produced by the company still exist in archives throughout Europe. Filmarchiv Austria has included four of Schwarzer's works in the Europa Film Treasures site; Das Sandbad (1906), Baden Verboten (1906), Das Eitle Stubenmädchen (1908), and Beim Fotografen (1908).{{Cite web |url=http://www.europafilmtreasures.eu/films/origin/Austrian-4-0.htm |title=Johann Schwarzer films |website=Europa Film Treasures |access-date=2011-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120821210055/http://www.europafilmtreasures.eu/films/origin/austrian-4-0.htm |archive-date=2012-08-21 |url-status=dead }} Internet Archive has included over twenty of Schwarzer's works on their site.{{cite web |title=creator:"Johann Schwarzer" films |url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%22Johann+Schwarzer%22 |website=Internet Archive |access-date=1 April 2022 |language=en}}

This list is incomplete:de:Johann Schwarzer

• Aufregende Lektüre{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-aufregende-lektre-aka-stimulating-reading|title=Aufregende Lektre AKA Stimulating Reading|date=1908|via=Internet Archive}}
• Baden verboten{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-baden-verboten-aka-bathing-forbidden|title=Baden verboten AKA Bathing Forbidden|date=1906|via=Internet Archive}}
• Beim Fotografen{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-beim-fotografen-aka-at-the-photographers|title=Beim Fotografen AKA At the Photographers|date=1908|via=Internet Archive}}
• Das eitle Stubenmädchen{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-das-eitle-stubenmdchen-aka-the-vain-housemaid|title=Das eitle Stubenmädchen AKA The Vain Housemaid|date=1908|via=Internet Archive}}{{cite web |title=Das eitle Stubenmädchen |url=https://www.filmportal.de/en/movie/das-eitle-stubenmadchen_ca45a19e09434084872914aca49f278a |website=filmportal.de |access-date=1 April 2022}}{{cite web |title=The Vain Housemaid (S) (1908) |url=https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film563769.html |website=FilmAffinity |access-date=1 April 2022 |language=en}}
• Das Sandbad{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-das-sandbad-aka-the-sand-bath|title=Das Sandbad AKA The Sand Bath|date=1906|via=Internet Archive}}
• Der Angler{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-der-angler-aka-the-fisherman|title=Der Angler AKA The Fisherman|date=1906|via=Internet Archive}}
• Der Hausarzt{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-der-hausarzt--the-family-doctor|title=Der Hausarzt AKA The Family Doctor|date=1908|via=Internet Archive}}
• Der Traum der Bildhauers{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-der-traum-der-bildhauers-aka-the-sculptors-dream|title=Der Traum der Bildhauers AKA The Sculptors Dream|date=1906|via=Internet Archive}}
• Diana im Bade{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-diana-im-bade-aka-diana-bathing|title=Diana im Bade AKA Diana Bathing|date=1906|via=Internet Archive}}
• Die Macht der Hypnose{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-die-macht-der-hypnose-aka-the-power-of-hypnosis|title=Die Macht der Hypnose AKA The Power of Hypnosis|date=1908|via=Internet Archive}}
• Die Zaubereien des Mandarins{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-die-zaubereien-des-mandarins-aka-the-magic-of-the-mandarins|title=Die Zaubereien des Mandarins AKA The Magic of the Mandarins|date=1908|via=Internet Archive}}
• Eine aufregende Jagd{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-eine-aufregende-jagd-aka-an-exciting-hunt|title=Eine aufregende Jagd AKA An Exciting Hunt|date=1906|via=Internet Archive}}
• Eine lustige Geschichte am Fenster{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-eine-lustige-geschichte-am-fenster-aka-a-funny-story-at-the-window|title=Eine lustige Geschichte am Fenster AKA A Funny Story at the Window|date=1908|via=Internet Archive}}
• Eine modern Ehe{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-eine-modern-ehe-aka-a-modern-marriage|title=Eine modern Ehe AKA A Modern Marriage|date=1906|via=Internet Archive}}
• Im Bade{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-im-bade-aka-in-the-bath|title=Im Bade AKA In the Bath|date=1908|via=Internet Archive}}
• Jugendspiele{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-jugendspiele-aka-games-of-youth|title=Jugendspiele AKA Games of Youth|date=1906|via=Internet Archive}}
• Lebender Marmor{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-lebender-marmor-aka-living-marble|title=Lebender Marmor AKA Living Marble|date=1908|via=Internet Archive}}
• Schleiertanz{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-schleiertanz-aka-the-veil-dance|title=Schleiertanz AKA The Veil Dance|date=1906|via=Internet Archive}}
• Sklavenmarkt{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-sklavenmarkt-aka-the-slave-market|title=Sklavenmarkt AKA The Slave Market|date=1906|via=Internet Archive}}
• Sklavenraub{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-sklavenraub-aka-the-abduction-of-the-slave-women|title=Sklavenraub AKA The Abduction of the Slave Women|date=1906|via=Internet Archive}}
• Vorbreitung auf das Rendez-vous{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-vorbreitung-auf-das-rendez-vous--preparing-to-meet|title=Vorbreitung auf das Rendez-vous AKA Preparing to Meet|date=1908|via=Internet Archive}}
• Weibliche Assentierung{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/silent-weibliche-assentierung-aka-female-conscripts|title=Weibliche Assentierung AKA Female Conscripts|date=1908|via=Internet Archive}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite book |last1=Bergstein |first1=Mary |editor1-last=Smith |editor1-first=Shawn Michelle |editor2-last=Sliwinski |editor2-first=Sharon |chapter=Freud, Saturn, and the Power of Hypnosis |title=Photography and the Optical Unconscious |date=5 May 2017 |pages=104–133 |doi=10.1215/9780822372998-007 |chapter-url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/books/book/2306/chapter-abstract/918438/Freud-Saturn-and-the-Power-of-Hypnosis |access-date=1 April 2022 |isbn=978-0-8223-7299-8}}
• {{cite journal |last1=Withey |first1=Beth |title=Reflections on the Veil: Tracing Blurred Boundaries of Politics and Desire in Vienna's Saturn-Films |journal=The Ozark Historical Review |date=2016 |volume=45 |page=31 |url=https://fulbright.uark.edu/departments/history/publications/OHR-45.pdf |access-date=1 April 2022 |publisher=Department of History, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas |issn=2325-4211 }}
• {{cite book |author1=Filmarchiv Austria |title=Tresor 1: Saturn-Filme 1906-1910 |date=8 January 2010 |publisher=Hoanzl |quote=(DVD) }}
• {{cite book |editor1-last=Achenbach |editor1-first=Michael |editor2-last=Ballhausen |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Wostry |editor3-first=Nikolaus |title=Saturn: Wiener Filmerotik 1906-1910 |date=2009 |publisher=Verlag Filmarchiv Austria |location=Wien |oclc=517261558 |isbn=978-3-902531-80-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vXFpYgEACAAJ |language=de}}
• {{cite journal |title=Bologna: The Retrieved Cinema |journal=Nineteenth Century Theatre and Film |date=May 2008 |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=52–55 |doi=10.7227/NCTF.35.1.6 |s2cid=190040835 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.7227/NCTF.35.1.6|url-access=subscription }}
• {{cite book |last1=Richter |first1=Simon |last2=Block |first2=Richard A. |title=Goethe's Ghosts: Reading and the Persistence of Literature |date=2013 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |isbn=978-1-57113-567-4 |page=210 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4c4VAgAAQBAJ&dq=Das+eitle+Stubenmaedchen&pg=PA210 |language=en}}

• [https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%22Johann+Schwarzer%22 Schwarzer films] hosted by the Internet Archive
• {{cite web |title=Johann Schwarzer |url=https://www.filmportal.de/en/person/johann-schwarzer_ |website=filmportal.de }}
• {{cite web |title=Johann Schwarzer |url=https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/search.php?stype=director&sn&stext=Johann%20Schwarzer |website=FilmAffinity |language=en}}
• {{cite web |title=Saturn-Film (Wien) |url=https://www.filmportal.de/en/node/1403939 |website=filmportal.de }}

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Category:Austrian film directors

Category:Austro-Hungarian military personnel killed in World War I

Category:1880 births

Category:1914 deaths

Category:Silent film directors

Category:Cinema pioneers