Johann Schweigger

{{Short description|German chemist and physicist (1779–1857)}}

{{Infobox scientist

|name = Johann Schweigger

|image = Johann Salomo Christoph Schweigger.gif

|image_size = 150px

|birth_name = Johann Salomo Christoph Schweigger

|birth_date = {{birth date|1779|4|8|df=y}}

|birth_place = Erlangen, Brandenburg-Bayreuth

|death_date = {{death date and age|1857|9|6|1779|4|8|df=y}}

|death_place = Halle, Prussian Saxony

|fields = Physics, chemistry, mathematics

|workplaces = Bayreuth Gymnasium
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
University of Halle-Wittenberg

|alma_mater = University of Erlangen-Nuremberg

|doctoral_advisor = Gottlieb Christoph Harless

|academic_advisors = Georg Friedrich Hildebrandt
Karl Christian von Langsdorf
Johann Tobias Mayer

|doctoral_students = Wilhelm Eduard Weber

|notable_students = Franz Wilhelm Schweigger-Seidel

|known_for = First galvanometer

}}

Johann Salomo Christoph Schweigger (8 April 1779 – 6 September 1857) was a German chemist, physicist, and professor of mathematics born in Erlangen.

J.S.C.Schweigger was the son of Friedrich Christian Lorenz Schweigger, professor of theologie in Erlangen (1786 until his death in 1802). He studied philosophy in Erlangen. His PhD involved the Homeric Question revived at that time by Friedrich August Wolf. Johann Tobias Mayer, Georg Friedrich Hildebrandt and Karl Christian von Langsdorf convinced him to switch to physics and chemistry and he lectured on this subjects in Erlangen until 1803 before taking a position as schoolteacher in Bayreuth and in 1811 in Nuremberg. During 1816-1819 he was appointed professor of philosophy in Erlangen teaching physics and chemistry. 1816 he was elected member of the Leopoldina. 1819 he moved on to the university of Halle.Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius; Denkrede auf Johann Salomo Christoph Schweigger: Gehalten in der öffentlichen Sitzung der Königl. Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften am 28. Nov. 1857; in german; may be retrieved online at: www.digitale-sammlungen.de

In 1820 he built the first sensitive galvanometer, naming it after Luigi Galvani. He created this instrument, acceptable for actual measurement as well as detection of small amounts of electric current, by wrapping a coil of wire around a graduated compass. The instrument was initially called a multiplier.{{cite web|title=Schweigger Multiplier – 1820|url=https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/history-of-electricity-magnetism/museum/schweigger-multiplier|website=Maglab|publisher=National High Magnetic Field Laboratory|accessdate=17 October 2017}}

He is the father of Karl Ernst Theodor Schweigger and adopted one of his students Franz Wilhelm Schweigger-Seidel as his own son.