John, Duke of Touraine
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Expand French|Jean de France (1398-1417)|topic=bio|date=June 2013}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = John
| title = Duke of Touraine
| image = Jean de Touraine, dauphin of France.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| succession = Dauphin of France
| reign = 8 December 1415 – 5 April 1417
| predecessor = Louis, Duke of Guyenne
| successor = Charles, Count of Ponthieu
| birth_date = 31 August 1398
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{dda|1417|4|5|1398|8|31|df=y}}
| death_place = Compiègne
| burial_date =
| burial_place = Saint-Corneille Abbey
| spouse = {{marriage|Jacqueline of Hainaut|1415}}
| house = Valois
| father = Charles VI of France
| mother = Isabeau of Bavaria
}}
John, Dauphin of France and Duke of Touraine (31 August 1398 – 5 April 1417) was Dauphin of Viennois and Duke of Touraine. He inherited the Dauphin of Viennois in 1415, following the death of his older brother, Louis. He died 5 April 1417, and was succeeded by his brother Charles.
Early life
John was born in 1398,{{sfn|Vale|1974|p=21}} the fourth son of Charles VI of France and Isabeau of Bavaria. At the age of four (in Paris on 5 May 1403) and again at the age of seven (in Compiègne on 29 June 1406), he was betrothed to Jacqueline, heiress of the County of Hainaut, Holland, Zealand, and Frisia.{{sfn|Vaughan|2005|p=246}} After his betrothal to Jacqueline, he was brought up alongside her at the castle of Le Quesnoy in Hainaut, at the court of his future mother-in-law, Margaret of Burgundy.{{sfn|Vaughan|2005|p=246}} This arrangement was made between his father and his future father-in-law to ensure his safety away from the tumultuous court in Paris, as well as to acquaint him with the lands which he would rule as husband of Jacqueline after her father's death.Antheun Janse: Een pion voor een dame, pp. 54–56 As he was the king's fourth son, he was only expected to succeed to his wife's lands, and was not expected to become king.
On 22 April 1411 the Pope gave his dispensation for the union and on 6 August 1415, when John was sixteen, he and Jacqueline married in The Hague.A. Janse, pp. 81–84.
Dauphin
Four months after his marriage, John's elder brother Louis, Dauphin of France, died on 18 December 1415, and John became the next Dauphin of France.
Death
John died on 5 April 1417 at the age of eighteen.{{sfn|Vale|1974|p=237}} The cause of his death is disputed. According to some, he died from the consequences of an abscess in the head, while other sources suggest he had been poisoned.Ernest van Bruyssel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=KEEaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA66 Histoire du commerce et de la marine en Belgique], 1863, p. 66., A. Janse, Een Pion voor een Dame (2009) He was buried in Compiègne's Saint-Corneille abbey. His younger brother Charles became dauphin and eventually king.{{sfn|Vale|1974|p=237}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Sources
- {{cite book |title=Charles the Seventh |first=Malcolm Graham Allan |last=Vale |publisher=University of California Press |year=1974 }}
- {{cite book |title=John the Fearless: The Growth of Burgundian Power |volume=2 |first=Richard |last=Vaughan |publisher=The Boydell Press |year=2005 }}
{{S-start}}
{{s-hou|House of Valois|31 August|1398|5 April|1417|Capetian dynasty}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=Louis I}}
{{s-ttl|title=Dauphin of Viennois|years=8 December 1415 – 5 April 1417}}
{{s-aft|rows=4|after=Charles the Victorious}}
|-
{{s-vac|reason=Royal domain|last=Louis II}}
{{s-ttl|title=Duke of Touraine|years=1407 – 5 April 1417}}
|-
{{s-vac|reason=Royal domain|last=Edward III}}
{{s-ttl|title=Count of Ponthieu|years=1410 – 5 April 1417}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=John I}}
{{s-ttl|title=Duke of Berry
Count of Poitou|years=1416 – 5 April 1417}}
{{S-end}}
{{Dauphins of France}}
{{Poitou Counts}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:14th-century French people
Category:15th-century peers of France