John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp

He was a third son of Duke Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp and his wife Christine of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel). He became the first Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck (1586–1607) and the Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1589–1596). He became the Duke after the deaths of his two elder brothers; as Duke of a sovereign state in the early 17th century, he became involved with the religious wars of the time.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6asWDAAAQBAJ&dq=%22John+Adolf%2C+Duke+of+Holstein-Gottorp%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT835|title=Archduke Albert (1598-1621) and Habsburg Political Culture in an Age of Religious Wars |first=Luc |last=Duerloo |year=2016 |page=312 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317147275 |access-date=October 20, 2024 }}

After succeeding in 1590 his father as ruling Duke, the Bremian Chapter enforced his resignation in favour of his younger brother John Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince-Bishop.

John Adolf entered into a secret treaty with his cousin, King Christian IV, to suppress the nobility,{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ens-AAAAYAAJ&dq=%22John+Adolf%2C+Duke+of+Holstein-Gottorp%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA147|title=History of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, Volume 3|first=Samuel Astley|last=Dunham|year=1840|page=147|access-date=October 20, 2024}} in 1608.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXlPAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22John+Adolf%2C+Duke+of+Holstein-Gottorp%22+-wikipedia&pg=PR11|title=The Cabinet Cyclopaedia, Volume 27|page=143|year=1840|publisher=Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green |access-date=October 20, 2024}} He wrote at least one diplomatic letter to Queen Elizabeth I.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N6S4IKdfAeMC&q=%22John+Adolf,+Duke+of+Holstein-Gottorp%22+-wikipedia |title=Calendar of State Papers, Foreign Series, of the Reign of Elizabeth, Preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty's Public Record Office, Volume 22|publisher=Kraus, Reprint of Great Britain, Public Record Office|year=1966|page=310|access-date=October 20, 2024}}

{{see also|Patronage{{!}}Royal patronage}}

He donated to the Hamburg Confraternity of Saint Anne of the Iceland Merchants, which indicated that he was involved in trade with Iceland.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xrH8DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22John+Adolf%2C+Duke+of+Holstein-Gottorp%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT372|title=The Fish Lands: German Trade with Iceland, Shetland and the Faroe Islands in the Late 15th and 16th Century |first=Bart |last=Holterman |year=2020|publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=9783110651829|access-date=October 20, 2024}} He was also a patron of touring English theatre troupes.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PcPOEAAAQBAJ|title=The Palgrave Handbook of Theatre and Migration|year=2023|isbn=9783031201967 |publisher=Springer International Publishing|editor=S.E Wilmer, Yana Meerzon|page=258|access-date=October 20, 2024}}

He was married on 30 August 1596 to Princess Augusta of Denmark, daughter of King Frederick II of Denmark. They had the following children:

1. Frederick III of Holstein-Gottorp (22 December 1597 – 10 August 1659).
2. Elisabeth Sofie (12 October 1599 – 25 November 1627), married on 5 March 1621 to Duke Augustus of Saxe-Lauenburg.
3. Adolf (15 September 1600 – 19 September 1631).
4. Dorothea Auguste (12 May 1602 – 13 March 1682), married in 1633 to Joachim Ernest, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön.
5. Hedwig (23 December 1603 – 22 March 1657), married on 15 July 1620 to Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach.
6. Anna (19 December 1604 – 20 March 1623).
7. John (18 March 1606 – 21 February 1655).
8. Christian, died young in 1609.

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| 1= 1. John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp

| 2= 2. Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp

| 3= 3. Christine of Hesse

| 4= 4. Frederick I of Denmark

| 5= 5. Sophie of Pomerania

| 6= 6. Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse

| 7= 7. Christine of Saxony

| 8= 8. Christian I of Denmark

| 9= 9. Dorothea of Brandenburg

| 10= 10. Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania

| 11= 11. Anna Jagiellon

| 12= 12. William II, Landgrave of Hesse

| 13= 13. Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

| 14= 14. George, Duke of Saxony

| 15= 15. Barbara Jagiellon

| 16= 16. Dietrich, Count of Oldenburg

| 17= 17. Hedvig of Holstein

| 18= 18. John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach

| 19= 19. Barbara of Saxe-Wittenberg

| 20= 20. Eric II, Duke of Pomerania

| 21= 21. Sophia of Pomerania-Stolp

| 22= 22. Casimir IV Jagiellon

| 23= 23. Elizabeth of Austria

| 24= 24. Louis II, Landgrave of Lower Hesse

| 25= 25. Mechthild of Württemberg-Urach

| 26= 26. Magnus II, Duke of Mecklenburg

| 27= 27. Sophie of Pomerania-Stettin

| 28= 28. Albert III, Duke of Saxony

| 29= 29. Sidonie Podiebrad

| 30= 30. Casimir IV Jagiellon (= 22)

| 31= 31. Elizabeth of Austria (= 23)

}}

{{Commons category|John Adolf, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp}}

• History of Schleswig-Holstein

{{reflist}}

• Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 73-109, here pp. 87seq. {{ISBN|978-3-529-02606-5}}

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Category:1575 births

Category:1616 deaths

Category:Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp

John Adolphus

John Adolphus

Category:16th-century German bishops