John Blackwood (publisher)

File:John Blackwood 2.jpg

File:1 to 7 Randloph Crescent, Edinburgh.jpg

File:John Blackwood's grave, Dean Cemetery.JPG

John Blackwood was born at 2 Salisbury Road in south Edinburgh on 7 December 1818.Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1818 Educated at the High School in Edinburgh and the University of Edinburgh, as a young man Blackwood displayed literary tastes, procuring for himself the nickname "the little Editor".{{cite book |last1=Porter |first1=Mrs. Gerald (Mary) |title=Annals of a Publishing House: John Blackwood |date=1898 |publisher=William Blackwood and Sons |location=Edinburgh and London |page=5 |edition=Vol. 3 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsofpublishi03olipuoft/page/n9/mode/2up |access-date=15 July 2023}} At age 16, Blackwood spent three years in continental travel during his Grand Tour with his brother Alexander and his tutor, Mr. William Hay. In Europe, Blackwood excelled in French and Italian, keeping much of his language skill during his adult life, and met Wordsworth.{{cite book |last1=Porter |first1=Mrs. Gerald (Mary) |title=Annals of a Publishing House: John Blackwood |date=1898 |publisher=William Blackwood & Sons |location=Edinburgh and London |pages=5–6 |edition=Vol. 3 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsofpublishi03olipuoft/page/n9/mode/2up |access-date=15 July 2023}}{{cite book |last1=Tredrey |first1=F.D. |title=The House of Blackwood 1804-1954: The History of a Publishing Firm |date=1954 |publisher=William Blackwood & Sons Ltd |location=Edinburgh and London |page=87}}

In 1838, Blackwood began work in London learning the publishing trade at Whittaker & Co.{{cite book |last1=Tredrey |first1=F.D. |title=The House of Blackwood 1804-1954: The History of a Publishing Firm |date=1954 |publisher=William Blackwood & Sons Ltd |location=Edinburgh and London |page=90}}{{cite book |last1=Porter |first1=Mrs. Gerald (Mary) |title=Annals of a Publishing House: John Blackwood |date=1898 |publisher=William Blackwood and Sons |location=Edinburgh and London |page=16 |edition=Vol. 3 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsofpublishi03olipuoft/page/n9/mode/2up}} In 1840, Blackwood's older brothers gave John the responsibility of managing the London business at 22 Pall Mall{{cite book |last1=Porter |first1=Mrs. Gerald (Mary) |title=Annals of a Publishing House: John Blackwood |date=1898 |publisher=William Blackwood & Sons |location=Edinburgh and London |page=16 |edition=Vol. 3 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsofpublishi03olipuoft/page/n9/mode/2up}} and five years later at 37 Paternoster Row.{{cite book |last1=Tredrey |first1=F.D. |title=The House of Blackwood 1804-1954: The History of a Publishing Firm |date=1954 |publisher=William Blackwood & Sons Ltd |location=Edinburgh and London |page=100}} Blackwood's office became a place for literary rendezvous, with visitors such as John Gibson Lockhart of the Quarterly Review; John Delane, editor of The Times; and William Makepeace Thackeray, author for Punch and of the novel Vanity Fair. The latter two associates became intimate friends with Blackwood.{{cite DNB |wstitle= Blackwood, John |volume= 05 |last= Espinasse |first= Francis |author-link= Francis Espinasse |pages=152–153 |short= 1}} One of Blackwood's functions in London was to recruit authors for Maga, and it was in London that Blackwood formed an association with Lord Edward Bulwer-Lytton, who began in 1842 to contribute to the magazine his translation of the poems and ballads of Friedrich Schiller.{{cite book |last1=Porter |first1=Mrs. Gerald (Mary) |title=Annals of a Publishing House: John Blackwood |date=1898 |publisher=William Blackwood & Sons |location=Edinburgh and London |page=18 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsofpublishi03olipuoft/page/n9/mode/2up}}{{cite book |last1=Tredrey |first1=F.D. |title=The House of Blackwood 1804-1954: The History of a Publishing Firm |date=1954 |publisher=William Blackwood & Sons Ltd |location=Edinburgh and London |page=110}} In 1845, Blackwood returned to Edinburgh to manage and edit Maga after the death of Alexander, while his brother Robert maintained the business side of the magazine.{{cite book |last1=Tredrey |first1=F.D. |title=The House of Blackwood 1804-1954: The History of a Publishing Firm |date=1954 |publisher=William Blackwood & Sons Ltd |location=Edinburgh and London |pages=102, 85}}{{cite book |last1=Porter |first1=Mrs. Gerald (Mary) |title=Annals of a Publishing House: John Blackwood |date=1898 |publisher=William Blackwood and Sons |location=Edinburgh and London |page=19}} At the death of Robert in 1852, John became head of William Blackwood & Sons publishing house.{{cite book |last1=Tredrey |first1=F.D. |title=The House of Blackwood 1804-1954: The History of a Publishing Firm |date=1954 |publisher=William Blackwood & Sons Ltd |location=Edinburgh and London |pages=108, 110}}{{cite book |last1=Porter |first1=Mrs. Gerald (Mary) |title=Annals of a Publishing House: John Blackwood |date=1898 |publisher=William Blackwood and Sons |location=Edinburgh and London |page=19 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsofpublishi03olipuoft/page/n9/mode/2up}} Then John's brother Major William Blackwood II shared the partnership with John until his death in 1861, when his son, William Blackwood III, became partner and worked side by side with John.{{cite book |last1=Tredrey |first1=F.D. |title=The House of Blackwood 1804-1954: The History of a Publishing Firm |date=1954 |publisher=William Blackwood & Sons Ltd |location=Edinburgh and London |pages=110, 121}}

Although Blackwood was a staunch conservative and published the chief monthly periodical of conservatism, he welcomed authors without regard to political affiliations.{{cite journal |last1=Lockhart |first1=Laurence |title=The Late John Blackwood |journal=Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine |date=December 1879 |volume=126 |issue=770 |page=775 |url=https://archive.org/details/blackwoodsmagaz126edinuoft/page/766/mode/2up?view=theater |access-date=18 July 2023}}{{cite book |last1=Oliphant |first1=Mrs. (Margaret) |title=Annals of a Publishing House: William Blackwood and His Sons Their Magazine and Friends |date=1897 |publisher=William Blackwood and Sons |location=Edinburgh and London |page=75 |edition=Vol. 2 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsofpublishi02olip/page/n9/mode/2up |access-date=18 July 2023}} As editor, he sought quality of writing over name recognition and worked quickly and efficiently.{{cite journal |last1=Lockhart |first1=Laurence |title=The Late John Blackwood |journal=Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine |date=December 1879 |volume=126 |issue=770 |page=773 |url=https://archive.org/details/blackwoodsmagaz126edinuoft/page/766/mode/2up?view=theater}} He recognized what the public wanted and carefully chose the best author who would handle the subject.{{cite journal |last1=Lockhart |first1=Laurence |title=The Late John Blackwood |journal=Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine |date=December 1879 |volume=126 |issue=770 |page=774 |url=https://archive.org/details/blackwoodsmagaz126edinuoft/page/766/mode/2up?view=theater}} Blackwood managed his team firmly and with a notable sense of humor, tactfully warding off authorial concerns.{{cite journal |last1=Lockhart |first1=Laurence |title=The Late John Blackwood |journal=Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine |date=December 1879 |volume=126 |issue=770 |page=774 |url=https://archive.org/details/blackwoodsmagaz126edinuoft/page/766/mode/2up?view=theater |access-date=18 July 2023}} Above all, Blackwood maintained amiable and intimate relations with many authors, famously declaring in a speech he gave at the 1871 Scott Centenary Banquet at St. Andrews, Scotland, that "Authors had been his dearest friends and companions all the days of his life" and that "he could turn [to them] in joy and sorrow for safe and certain sympathy".{{cite journal |last1=Lockhart |first1=Laurence |title=The Late John Blackwood |journal=Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine |date=December 1879 |volume=126 |issue=770 |page=775 |url=https://archive.org/details/blackwoodsmagaz126edinuoft/page/766/mode/2up?view=theater}}

Blackwood's most famous literary relationship was with George Eliot, author of Middlemarch. In 1856, George Henry Lewes, Eliot's companion and business partner, introduced Eliot to Blackwood through her short story, "The Sad Fortunes of the Reverend Amos Barton", first in a series of stories later combined as Scenes of Clerical Life, and Blackwood immediately recognized her talent.{{cite book |last1=Oliphant |first1=Mrs. (Margaret) |title=Annals of a Publishing House: William Blackwood and His Sons Their Magazine and Friends |date=1897 |publisher=William Blackwood and Sons |location=Edinburgh and London |page=434 |edition=Vol. 2 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsofpublishi02olip/page/n9/mode/2up |access-date=18 July 2023}} Consistently encouraging Eliot, Blackwood became an important part of Eliot's growth in confidence,{{cite book |last1=Eliot |first1=George |editor1-last=Haight |editor1-first=Gordon S. |title=The George Eliot Letters |date=1954 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven, CT |page=201 |edition=Vol. 5}} and she wrote all of her books for Blackwood's except one, Romola.{{cite book |last1=Porter |first1=Mrs. Gerald (Mary) |title=Annals of a Publishing House: John Blackwood |date=1898 |publisher=William Blackwood and Sons |location=Edinburgh and London |page=79 |edition=Vol. 3 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsofpublishi03olipuoft/page/n9/mode/2up |access-date=18 July 2023}} This commencement of a business connection with Eliot soon developed into one of friendship that lasted their lives. Upon the final illness that preceded the death of Blackwood, Eliot wrote to Lewes's son, "He will be a heavy loss to me. He has been bound up with what I most cared for in my life for more than twenty years and his good qualities have made many things easy to me that without him would often have been difficult".{{cite book |last1=Eliot |first1=George |editor1-last=Haight |editor1-first=Gordon S. |title=The George Eliot Letters |date=1954 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven, CT |page=217 |edition=Vol. 7}}

For the last twenty years of his life, Blackwood split his home between Strathtyrum, his rented country house near St. Andrews, Scotland, and owned by the Cheape family, and his home in the New Town of Edinburgh at 3 Randolph Crescent on the southern edge of the Moray Estate.{{cite book |last1=Porter |first1=Mrs. Gerald (Mary) |title=Annals of a Publishing House: John Blackwood William |date=1898 |publisher=Blackwood and Sons |location=Edinburgh and London |pages=181–82 |edition=Vol. 3 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsofpublishi03olipuoft/page/n9/mode/2up |access-date=18 July 2023}} He also often worked in London.{{cite book |last1=Porter |first1=Mrs. Gerald (Mary) |title=Annals of a Publishing House: John Blackwood |date=1898 |publisher=William Blackwood and Sons |location=Edinburgh and London |page=183 |edition=Vol. 3 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsofpublishi03olipuoft/page/n9/mode/2up |access-date=18 July 2023}} A passionate lover of golf, Blackwood played every afternoon while at his country home, enjoying the famed Links near St. Andrews such a short distance from Strathtyrum.{{cite book |last1=Porter |first1=Mrs. Gerald (Mary) |title=Annals of a Publishing House: John Blackwood |date=1898 |publisher=William Blackwood and Sons |location=Edinburgh and London |page=77 |edition=Vol. 3 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsofpublishi03olipuoft/page/n9/mode/2up |access-date=18 July 2023}}{{cite book |last1=Tredrey |first1=F.D. |title=The House of Blackwood 1804-1954: The History of a Publishing Firm |date=1954 |publisher=William Blackwood & Sons Ltd |location=Edinburgh and London |page=136}} Often with his family, in evenings Blackwood walked to the nearby North Sea adjacent to the property and viewed St. Andrews Bay and the Bell Rock Lighthouse.{{cite book |last1=Porter |first1=Mrs. Gerald (Mary) |title=Annals of a Publishing House: John Blackwood |date=1898 |publisher=William Blackwood and Sons |location=Edinburgh and London |page=184 |edition=Vol. 3 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsofpublishi03olipuoft/page/n9/mode/2up |access-date=18 July 2023}} A wide variety of guests enjoyed visiting Strathtyrum, including Anthony Trollope, author of Framley Parsonage;{{cite book |last1=Porter |first1=Mrs. Gerald (Mary) |title=Annals of a Publishing House: John Blackwood |date=1898 |publisher=William Blackwood and Sons |location=Edinburgh and London |page=198 |edition=Vol. 3 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsofpublishi03olipuoft/page/n9/mode/2up |access-date=18 July 2023}} Jefferson Davis, president of the former Confederate States;{{cite book |last1=Porter |first1=Mrs. Gerald (Mary) |title=Annals of a Publishing House: John Blackwood |date=1898 |publisher=William Blackwood and Sons |location=Edinburgh and London |page=200 |edition=Vol. 3 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsofpublishi03olipuoft/page/n9/mode/2up |access-date=18 July 2023}} and Captain John Hanning Speke, discoverer of the source of the Nile.{{cite book |last1=Porter |first1=Mrs. Gerald (Mary) |title=Annals of a Publishing House: John Blackwood |date=1898 |publisher=William Blackwood and Sons |location=Edinburgh and London |page=95 |edition=Vol. 3 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsofpublishi03olipuoft/page/n9/mode/2up |access-date=18 July 2023}}

Married in 1854,{{cite book |last1=Porter |first1=Mrs. Gerald (Mary) |title=Annals of a Publishing House: John Blackwood |date=1898 |publisher=William Blackwood and Sons |location=Edinburgh and London |pages=29–30 |edition=Vol. 3 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsofpublishi03olipuoft/page/n9/mode/2up |access-date=18 July 2023}} Blackwood and his wife Julia had two children: Mary, who would later write volume three of the Annals of a Publishing House, which focused on the life of her father; and John, or, Jack, who died in 1882 at the young age of 25, having served in Sir Arthur Halkett's Militia in 1878.Tredrey, F.D. F.D. Tredrey Material. Blackwood Papers, National Library of Scotland MSS 30716-18

John Blackwood died at Strathtyrum House on 29 October 1879.{{cite journal |last1=Lockhart |first1=Laurence |title=The Late John Blackwood |journal=Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine |date=December 1879 |volume=126 |issue=770 |page=767 |url=https://archive.org/details/blackwoodsmagaz126edinuoft/page/766/mode/2up?view=theater}} Blackwood is buried on a small west-facing section of wall on the southern edge of Dean Cemetery in Edinburgh. A secondary memorial to John is within his father's family vault in Old Calton Burial Ground.

To this day, the Blackwood family still live in Ayrshire, Scotland, around the Doon Valley area and other parts of Ayrshire.

{{reflist}}

Attribution:

• {{DNB|wstitle=Blackwood, John |first=Francis|last=Espinasse|authorlink=Francis Espinasse|volume=5}}

• Porter, Mary Blackwood (Mrs. Gerald Porter), Annals of a Publishing House: John Blackwood, by his Daughter Mrs. Gerald Porter. Edinburgh and London, William Blackwood and Sons, 1898.
• Tredrey, F.D. The House of Blackwood 1804-1954: The History of a Publishing Firm. Edinburgh and London, William Blackwood and Sons Ltd, 1954.

• More on John Blackwood and George Eliot (including letters, articles, and book editions) at the [https://georgeeliotarchive.org George Eliot Archive]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Blackwood, John}}

Category:1818 births

Category:1879 deaths

Category:Scottish magazine publishers (people)

Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

Category:Publishers (people) from Edinburgh

Category:People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh

Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh

Category:Scottish magazine editors

Category:19th-century Scottish publishers (people)

Category:19th-century Scottish journalists

Category:Scottish male journalists

Category:19th-century Scottish male writers

Category:19th-century Scottish writers