John Echols

John Echols was born in Lynchburg, Virginia. He joined the Virginia Military Institute in 1840 and resigned in the next year; being made an honorary graduate in 1843.{{cite web|title=VMI Civil War Generals|url=http://www.vmi.edu/archives/civil-war-and-new-market/vmi-civil-war-generals/|website=Virginia Military Institute|accessdate=17 January 2018}} He received further education at Washington College and at Harvard College. A tall imposing man, standing 6 feet 4 inches tall, Echols quickly became a leader among his peers.

Echols married twice. His first wife was a sister of Senator Allen T. Caperton (also of what became West Virginia). After she died, he married Mrs. Mary Helen Cochran Reid, a widow from New York City.

On becoming a lawyer in 1843 he settled in Union, Monroe County (now West Virginia). Echols represented Monroe County in the Virginia House of Delegates 1852–1853 and in the Virginia Secession Convention of 1861.{{cite web | title = The Virginia Elections and State Elected Officials Database Project | author = Kromkowski, Charles A. | publisher = University of Virginia Library | url = http://vavh.iath.virginia.edu/php/bio.php?pid=2304 | accessdate = 2013-07-02 | archive-date = 2016-03-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034232/http://vavh.iath.virginia.edu/php/bio.php?pid=2304 | url-status = dead }}Sullivan, Ken (ed.), The West Virginia Encyclopedia, The West Virginia Humanities Council, 2006, pg. 210.

Both Echols and Allen T. Caperton voted for Virginia's secession from the United States on April 17, 1861 at the Richmond convention.[http://www.virginiamemory.com/docs/votes_on_secession.pdf How Virginia Convention Delegates Voted on Secession on, April 4 and April 17, 1861] When the secession ordinance was put to public vote on May 23 Monroe County voted 1,085 to 79 in favor of secession.Curry, Richard Orr, A House Divided, A Study of Statehood Politics and the Copperhead Movement in West Virginia, Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, 1964, pg. 146 Echols offered his service to Virginia. He gathered a group of volunteers and was commissioned as a lieutenant colonel. On May 6, 1861, General Robert E. Lee ordered Lieutenant Colonel Echols to call out and muster in volunteer forces, not to exceed two regiments, to rendezvous these men at Staunton for Joseph E. Johnston's fledgling army.The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series 1, Vol. 2, Washington, DC, 1880, pg. 808

Echols was then assigned command of the 27th Virginia Infantry, leading the regiment in the fighting at the First Battle of Manassas under Stonewall Jackson. He was soon promoted to colonel, serving in the Valley Campaign. He was severely wounded at the First Battle of Kernstown on March 23, disabling him for several weeks. Echols was promoted to brigadier general on April 16, 1862Eicher, p. 222. during his convalescence.

Later in the year, he was assigned to command a brigade of the army of Western Virginia. He participated as a brigade commander in William W. Loring's Kanawha Valley Campaign of 1862 and the occupation of the Kanawha Valley in September. After Loring withdrew to the mountains, Echols replaced him in command of the Department of Western Virginia. He promptly reoccupied Charleston, but was forced to retreat by a superior enemy force.

Echols resigned his departmental command in the fall of 1862, and, during the following summer, served upon the three-man court of inquiry held in Richmond to investigate the cause of the fall of Vicksburg. Later in the year, he commanded the Confederate forces in the Battle of Droop Mountain, stubbornly resisting a series of Federal attacks. In May 1864, he commanded John C. Breckinridge's right wing at the Battle of New Market in the Shenandoah Valley.

General Robert E. Lee recalled Echols' Brigade to rejoin the Army of Northern Virginia near Cold Harbor during the Siege of Petersburg. On August 22, 1864, he was given charge of the District of Southwestern Virginia, and on March 29, 1865, Echols was assigned command of the western department of Virginia, relieving General Breckinridge, who had joined the staff of President Jefferson Davis. On April 2, Echols, with nearly 7,000 men, began a hasty march to unite with Lee.

He reached Christiansburg, Virginia, on April 10, where he received a telegram announcing Lee's surrender at Appomattox Courthouse. At a solemn council of war, Echols decided to march to unite with Johnston's army, and Echols led two brigades southward towards North Carolina. Subsequently, he accompanied President Davis to Augusta, Georgia.

Monroe County had been included in the new state of West Virginia without its consent and the new state government would not allow ex-Confederates to practice law.Morton, Oren F., A History of Monroe County, West Virginia, Ruebush-Elkins Co., Dayton, VA, 1916, pg. 156

Ambler, Charles Henry, A History of West Virginia. Prentice-Hall, 1933, pg. 363 After the war, Echols resumed the practice of law in Staunton. He helped select the members of the Committee of Nine, a group of state leaders who worked to ensure that the state be readmitted into the Union and former Confederates could once again hold political office.

Echols returned to the Virginia House of Delegates 1878–1881, representing Staunton and Augusta County. While there, he sided with the Funders against the Readjusters, which briefly reunited Republicans and liberal Democrats, and tried to allocate some of Virginia's massive wartime debt to West Virginia and had supported Reconstruction.

He rebuilt his fortune and became President of the Staunton National Valley Bank. When the hastily agglomerated Chesapeake, Ohio and Southwestern Railroad went bankrupt, he became its Receiver and General Manager. He lived in Kentucky the last ten years of his life as he managed the railroad's affairs.

He died at Oakdene the residence of his son, Edward Echols (later lieutenant governor of Virginia), at Staunton, where he is buried in Thornrose Cemetery. The General Echols House located in Union, Monroe County, West Virginia, is significant for its association with John Echols, A Brigadier General in the army of the Confederate States of America. The house possesses additional distinction as one of Monroe County's oldest and best preserved examples of Greek Revival architecture.{{cite web|title=Echols House|url=http://www.uhscornerstone.org/?p=468|website=The Cornerstone|publisher=Blue Cloud Studio|accessdate=3 April 2018}}

{{portal|American Civil War|Biography}}

• List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)
• Brig. Gen. John Echols House

{{reflist}}

• Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. {{ISBN|978-0-8047-3641-1}}.
• Evans, Clement A., Confederate Military History, 1899.
• Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. {{ISBN|978-0-8160-1055-4}}.
• Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. {{ISBN|978-0-8071-0823-9}}.

• [http://www.virginiamemory.com/online_classroom/union_or_secession/people/john_echols John Echols at Union or Secession: Virginians Decide] at the Library of Virginia

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Category:1823 births

Category:1896 deaths

Category:Virginia Military Institute alumni

Category:Harvard College alumni

Category:People from Staunton, Virginia

Category:Confederate States Army brigadier generals

Category:People of Virginia in the American Civil War

Category:People of West Virginia in the American Civil War

Category:Members of the Virginia House of Delegates

Category:Virginia Secession Delegates of 1861

Category:Virginia lawyers

Category:19th-century American railroad executives

Category:People from Union, West Virginia

Category:People from Lynchburg, Virginia

Category:19th-century American lawyers

Category:19th-century members of the Virginia General Assembly