John Hickman (Pennsylvania politician)

{{for|the Pennsylvania politician born in 1831|John W. Hickman (Pennsylvania politician)}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| name = John Hickman

| image = JohnHickman.jpg

| caption = Hickman in 1859

| state_house = Pennsylvania

| district = Chester County

| term_start = 1868

| term_end = 1868

| alongside = James M. Phillips and Stephen M. Meredith

| predecessor = William Bell Waddell, Nathan J. Sharpless, Nathan A. Pennypacker

| successor = James M. Phillips, Stephen M. Meredith, Archimedes Robb

| state2 = Pennsylvania

| district2 = 6th

| term_start2 = March 4, 1855

| term_end2 = March 3, 1863

| preceded2 = William Everhart

| succeeded2 = John Dodson Stiles

| birth_date = {{birth date|1810|09|11}}

| birth_place = West Bradford Township, Pennsylvania, U.S.

| death_date = {{death date and age|1875|03|23|1810|09|11}}

| death_place = West Chester, Pennsylvania, U.S.

| resting_place = Oaklands Cemetery

| party = Democratic
Anti-Lecompton Democratic
Republican

| occupation = {{hlist|Politician|lawyer}}

| signature = Signature of John Hickman (cropped).jpg

}}

John Hickman (September 11, 1810 – March 23, 1875) was a Republican, Democratic and Anti-Lecompton Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district from 1855 to 1863.

Early life

John Hickman was born on September 11, 1810, in West Bradford Township, Pennsylvania. His father was a farmer. Hickman was taught English and classical studies by private tutors. He began studying medicine but abandoned it for the study of law. He studied law under Townsend Haines and was admitted to the bar in 1832 or 1833.{{Cite web |url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000562 |title=Hickman, John |work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress |access-date=2023-12-18}}{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-new-york-times-john-hickman-of-penn/137056693/ |title=John Hickman, of Pennsylvania |newspaper=The New York Times |page=7 |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=2023-12-18}}{{Open access}}{{cite web |url=https://archives.house.state.pa.us/people/member-biography?ID=7612 |title=John Hickman |website=Pennsylvania House of Representatives Archives |access-date=2023-12-19}}

Career

=Early career=

Hickman commenced practice in West Chester. He was a delegate to the Democratic convention at Baltimore in 1844. He served as district attorney for Chester County, in 1845 and 1846.

=United States House of Representatives=

Hickman was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, as an Anti-Lecompton Democrat to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and as a Republican to the Thirty-seventh Congress. He served as chairman of the United States House Committee on Revolutionary Pensions during the Thirty-fifth Congress and the United States House Committee on the Judiciary during the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses. At the 1860 Republican National Convention, Hickman finished 3rd in the race for the vice-presidential nomination, behind Hannibal Hamlin and Cassius Clay.{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/public-ledger-the-republican-national-co/137057363/ |title=The Republican National Convention |date=1860-05-19 |newspaper=Public Ledger |page=1 |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=2023-12-19}}{{Open access}}

At a political dinner in Philadelphia a week after South Carolina declared secession from the Union, Hickman made a fiery speech calling for war, reported on the front page of the Philadelphia Inquirer on December 29, 1860:{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-philadelphia-inquirer-the-peoples-p/137057929/ |title=The People's Party Dinner at Sansom Street Hall |date=1860-12-29 |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |page=1 |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=2023-12-19}}{{Open access}}

The time for action has arrived; every man must define his position; there is an eternal conflict between freedom and slavery; truces which will last cannot be formed between them. . . . You must now make up your minds whether to serve God or Belial. (Cheers.) . . . For myself I say distinctly — No more compromises. (Long continued applause.) I love the Constitution and the Union, but I will not buy them from an enemy. (Cries of good.) . . . South Carolina is not out of the Union, and by the blessing of Almighty God she never will be out of the Union. (Uproarious cheers.) And if you believe as I do, she never will be out of the Union. (Cheers.) The eighteen millions of the North are not to be put down by the eight millions of the South. The prospect is indeed gloomy. We have a traitor President and a corrupt and rotten Cabinet. But with all the banded seceding States and their traitor friends, we will yet save the Union. (Cheers.) . . . The South thinks the North is craven, and our Union-saving merchants encourage that belief. I want to know whether every man is going to purchase a peace or defend the peace. (Cheers.)

He declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1862. He was one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1862 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against Tennessee judge West H. Humphreys. He was a delegate to the 1872 Liberal Republican convention in Cincinnati.

=Later career=

After his political career, Hickman resumed the practice of law and continued until 1875. He served as a Republican in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County in 1868.{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/chestercountyits00thoms/page/440/mode/2up |title=Chester County and Its People |editor-last=Thomson |editor-first=W. W. |year=1898 |publisher=The Union History Company |page=441 |via=Archive.org |access-date=2023-12-19}}{{Open access}}

Personal life

File:John Hickman grave in Oaklands Cemetery, West Chester, Pennsylvania.jpg]]

Hickman married twice. He married the sister of General John W. Phelps.{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-philadelphia-inquirer-death-of-hon/137057432/ |title=Death of Hon. John Hickman |date=1875-03-24 |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |page=1 |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=2023-12-19}}{{Open access}} He was friends with Thaddeus Stevens.

Hickman died on March 23, 1875, at his home in West Chester. He was interred in Oaklands Cemetery.