John M. Hollerbach

{{Infobox scientist

| name = John M. Hollerbach

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| birth_place = Marktheidenfeld, Germany

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| field = Robotics
Haptic technology
Medical robotics
Telepresence

| work_institutions = IBM
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
McGill University
University of Utah

| alma_mater = University of Michigan
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

| doctoral_advisor = David Marr

| thesis_title = A Study of Human Motor Control Through Analysis and Synthesis of Handwriting

| thesis_url = http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16175

| thesis_year = 1978

| doctoral_students =

| known_for = Year of the Robot initiative
Utah/MIT dextrous hand

| prizes = CIFAR Fellow (1988)
IEEE Fellow (1996)
IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Distinguished Service Award (2012)

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| website = http://www.cs.utah.edu/~jmh/

}}

John Matthew Hollerbach is a professor of computer science and research professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Utah. He is the editor of The International Journal of Robotics Research, a Senior Editor of Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, and a Governing Board member of the electronic journal Haptics-e.

Early life and education

Hollerbach was born in Marktheidenfeld, Germany to Hungarian refugees who met and married in a displacement camp. He and his family lived in a priest's attic in Germany for five years before emigrating to Detroit as refugees.{{cite web|last1=Asaro|first1=Peter|last2=Sabanovic|first2=Selma|title=JOHN HOLLERBACH: An Interview Conducted by Peter Asaro and Selma Sabanovic|url=http://ethw.org/Oral-History:John_Hollerbach|publisher=IEEE History Center|accessdate=18 March 2017|date=16 May 2012}}

He received his BS in chemistry in 1968 from the University of Michigan but was interested in the growing computer industry and spent an extra year taking computer science courses to receive an MS in mathematics. Following graduation, he worked at IBM as a chemist but took courses in artificial intelligence and computer science as part of an education program with Syracuse University. He then applied to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he worked with Patrick Winston in the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory on modeling solid objects and received his SM in computer vision in 1975. He continued at MIT in the Department of Brain and Cognitive Science PhD program to study the acquisition of fine motor skills for use in robotics. He obtained special permission to have David Marr as his thesis advisor because Marr was a research scientist and not yet a faculty member at the time. As a result, Hollerbach was technically Marr's first student, although Shimon Ullman was the first student to graduate under him. Hollerbach received his PhD from MIT in 1978.

Career

Following his PhD, Hollerbach continued at MIT as a research scientist in the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory to work on theories of human movement and control and adapting these theories to robotics, and officially joined the faculty in 1982.

=Year of the Robot=

In 1981 Hollerbach co-founded the Year of the Robot program at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory funded by the System Development Corporation and the Office of Naval Research with the goal of jump-starting serious research in robotics. During the 1970s robotics research was not considered a separate respectable scientific endeavor and was heavily oriented toward industrial robotics with limited vision in potential capabilities. The program aimed to rectify this by accelerating robotics research at MIT over a five-year period by supporting writing of a sourcebook on robotic manipulation, starting an annual high-level international academic conference and research journal, outlining an educational program, and building a dexterous and controllable robotic hand.{{cite web|last1=Hollerbach|first1=John|title=The Year(s) of the Robot|url=http://documents.tips/documents/the-mit-years-highlights.html|publisher=Mike Brady Research Symposium|accessdate=18 March 2017|date=16 September 2010}} In 1982, Hollerbach co-produced a robot motion sourcebook with J. Michael Brady, Matthew T. Mason, Tomas Lozano-Perez, and Timothy Johnson. The book contained sections on dynamics, trajectory planning, compliance and force control, feedback control, and spatial planning; each section had a substantial introduction that served as a tutorial in addition to research papers by 19 top robotics researchers, including Marc Raibert, Robin Popplestone, and Pat Ambler. An updated version of the sourcebook was published in 1989 edited by J. Michael Brady. In 1983, Hollerbach helped start the International Journal of Robotics Research and the International Symposium of Robotics Research.

=Utah/MIT Dexterous Hand=

As part of the Year of Robotics program, Hollerbach collaborated with Stephen Jacobsen and John Wood at the University of Utah to design, construction, and control a multi-fingered hand.{{cite journal|last1=Hollerbach|first1=John|title=Workshop on the Design and Control of Dexterous Hands|journal=AI Memo No. 661|date=April 1982}} The project began in 1981 and was completed in 1987. The hand design consisted of a 16-joint four-finger manipulator that used 32 artificial tendons sensing via the Hall effect.{{cite book|last1=Jacobsen|first1=S.|last2=Iversen|first2=E.|last3=Knutti|first3=D.|last4=Johnson|first4=R.|last5=Biggers|first5=K.|title=Proceedings. 1986 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation |chapter=Design of the Utah/M.I.T. Dextrous Hand |volume=3|pages=1520–1532|date=7 April 1986|doi=10.1109/ROBOT.1986.1087395|s2cid=32543001 }} 12 copies were made for use in a variety of contexts. At the NYU Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Ken Perlin, James Demmel, and Paul K. Wright obtained a copy to build simulation software for the hand.{{cite journal|last1=Perlin|first1=Kenneth|last2=Demmel|first2=James W.|last3=Wright|first3=Paul K.|title=Simulation software for the Utah/MIT dextrous hand|journal=Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing|date=January 1989|volume=5|issue=4|pages=281–292|doi=10.1016/0736-5845(89)90002-1}} Carnegie Mellon University,{{cite web|last1=Voyles|first1=Richard|last2=Shimoga|first2=Karun|last3=Kang|first3=Sing Bing|author3-link=Sing Bing Kang|last4=Khosla|first4=Pradeep|last5=Ikeuchi|first5=Katsushi|last6=Kanade|first6=Takeo|title=The Utah/MIT Hand at Carnegie Mellon University|url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~deadslug/umdh.research.ps|accessdate=18 March 2017}} Columbia University,{{cite journal|last1=Morishima|first1=Amy|last2=Speeter|first2=Thomas H.|title=Teleoperator control of the Utah/MIT dextrous hand - a functional approach|journal=Columbia University Computer Science Technical Reports|date=1989|url=https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac%3A110896|accessdate=18 March 2017|doi=10.7916/D88G8TJG}} University of Rochester{{cite book|last1=Jagersand|first1=M.|last2=Fuentes|first2=O.|last3=Nelson|first3=R.|title=Computer Vision — ECCV '96 |chapter=Acquiring visual-motor models for precision manipulation with robot hands |journal=Proceedings of the 1996 European Conference on Computer Vision|volume=1065|date=1996|pages=603–612|doi=10.1007/3-540-61123-1_174|series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science|isbn=978-3-540-61123-3|citeseerx=10.1.1.64.7896}} and other university research labs obtained copies to explore multi-agent control, teleoperation, and apprenticeship learning.{{cite web|title=Utah/MIT Dextrous Hand Sites|url=http://www.cs.utah.edu:80/~jmh/Users-UMDH-sites.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970615134841/http://www.cs.utah.edu/~jmh/Users-UMDH-sites.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 June 1997|date=15 June 1997|access-date=13 September 2020}}

=Medical robotics=

In 1989 Hollerbach left MIT and accepted a NSERC/CIFAR Industrial Chair at McGill University. He hired Martin Buehler as a Junior Chair and formed a joint laboratory with Ian Hunter to work on fundamental actuator design. In 1994 Hunter moved to MIT to start a group in bioinstrumentation and Hollerbach joined the faculty at the University of Utah to develop medical robotics. At Utah, he developed the TreadPort Active Wind Tunnel, an immersive virtual environment that mimics the haptic properties of walking using sensory cues to aid in rehabilitation.{{cite journal|last1=Kulkarni|first1=S.D.|last2=Minor|first2=M.A.|last3=Deaver|first3=M.W.|last4=Pardyjak|first4=E.R.|last5=Hollerbach|first5=J.M.|title=Design, sensing, and control of a scaled wind tunnel for atmospheric display|journal=IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics|date=August 2012|volume=17|issue=4|pages=635–645|doi=10.1109/TMECH.2011.2113353|s2cid=31439570 }}

Awards

1984 National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator Award{{cite web|title=Presidential Young Investigator Award: Basic Studies in Haptics and Tactile Perception|url=https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8352460|publisher=nsf.gov|accessdate=26 January 2013}}
1988 Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research{{cite web|title=IEEE 9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics Frontiers of the Human-Machine Interface - John M. Hollerbach Bio|url=http://www.smpp.northwestern.edu/ICORR2005/hollerbach%20bio.htm|publisher=northwestern.edu|accessdate=26 January 2013}}
1996 Fellow of the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers{{cite web|title=2013 IEEE Fellow Committee|url=http://www.ieee.org/membership_services/membership/fellows/2013_fellow_committee.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921235354/http://www.ieee.org/membership_services/membership/fellows/2013_fellow_committee.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 21, 2013|publisher=IEEE|access-date=26 January 2013}}
2012 IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Distinguished Service Award {{cite web|title=RAS Society Award Recipients|url=http://www.ieee-ras.org/news/ras-society-award-recipients-1.html|publisher=ieee-ras.org|access-date=26 January 2013|date=June 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722141618/http://www.ieee-ras.org/news/ras-society-award-recipients-1.html|archive-date=22 July 2012|url-status=dead}}

Selected publications

Hierarchical Shape Descriptions of Objects by Selection and Modification of Prototypes (Scientiæ Magister thesis), The Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, AI-TR-346 of 1976. [The thesis offers (first) a theory of block-world descriptions focused on protrusions and indentations, and (second) a theory of generalized cylinder descriptions specialized to Greek vases.]
{{cite book

|editor1-last=Brady|editor1-first=Michael|editor1-link = J. Michael Brady

|editor2-last=Hollerbach|editor2-first=John M.

|editor3-last=Johnson|editor3-first=Timothy L.

|editor4-last=Mason|editor4-first=Matthew T.|editor4-link=Matthew T. Mason

|editor5-last=Tomas|editor5-first=Lozano-Perez

|title=Robot Motion: Planning and Control

|date=1983

|publisher=MIT Press

|location=Cambridge, MA|isbn=978-0262021821}}