John McConnell (peace activist)

John McConnell was born on March 22, 1915, in Davis City, Iowa, United States. He was the son of a Pentecostal preacher{{Cite web |url=http://ifphc.org/pdf//Heritage/2010.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=April 23, 2019 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230605/http://ifphc.org/pdf/Heritage/2010.pdf |url-status=dead }} and traveling doctor. His first interest in the Earth began in 1939 while partnering with Albert Nobell, a chemist, in the Nobell Research Laboratory in Los Angeles that built a factory for the manufacture of plastics. Realizing how much the manufacture of plastic polluted the Earth, his concern for ecology grew. Afterward, he was a lifetime believer in care of the environment, founded on his Christian beliefs. He stated that leading into World War II, he believed that love and prayer could be more powerful than bombs.

On October 31, 1957, soon after the first successful Sputnik launch, McConnell wrote an editorial,{{Cite web |date=October 1957 |title=Make Our Satellite A Symbol Of Hope |url=https://www.all-creatures.org/living/star.html |website=www.all-creatures.org}} calling for peaceful cooperation in the exploration of Space with a visible "Star of Hope" satellite. This led him to create a "Star of Hope" organization to foster international cooperation in space.{{cite web |url=http://www.earthsite.org/bill.htm |title=Bill McConnell autobiography |publisher=Earthsite.org |date= |accessdate=October 28, 2012 |archive-date=April 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413072300/http://www.earthsite.org/bill.htm |url-status=dead }}

In 1959 to pursue his dream of peace, John McConnell moved to California where he and his co-publisher, Erling Toness, founded the "Mountain View"{{clarify|date=April 2021}}. Along with the "Mountain View", he organized a campaign in San Francisco in 1962 called "Meals for Millions". It was used to feed thousands of Hong Kong refugees. In 1963, after the "Meals for Millions" campaign, McConnell worked on another campaign called "Minute for Peace" for seven years following "Meals for Millions". He began his "Minute for Peace" campaign with a broadcast{{where|date=April 2021}} on December 22, 1963, ending the mourning period for the late president, John F. Kennedy. On June 26, 1965, McConnell spoke at the National Education Association Convention in Madison Square Garden, where the public{{who|date=April 2021}} came together for a "Minute for Peace".{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}

McConnell's concern for the environment grew in the late 1950s and early 1970s. A Christian, he believed humans have an obligation to take care of the Earth, and to share its resources equally, based on such passages as Psalms 115:16, "The earth has been given to the children of men."{{cite web|last=Sparks and Rogers|title=John McConnell, Jr. and the Pentecostal Origins of Earth Day|url=http://ifphc.org/pdf/Heritage/2010.pdf|work=Assemblies of God Heritage|accessdate=April 20, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331232111/http://ifphc.org/pdf/Heritage/2010.pdf|archive-date=March 31, 2012|url-status=dead}} He was moved when he saw the first picture of the Earth printed in Life magazine. Later that picture became the symbol on the Earth Day flag which he designed and created.

In October 1969, at the UNESCO conference in San Francisco, McConnell proposed a global holiday to celebrate Earth's life and beauty and to advance peace. Along with the celebration of life on Earth, he intended Earth Day to alert people about the need for preserving and renewing the threatened ecological balance upon which all life on Earth depends. The proposal won strong support and was followed by an Earth Day Proclamation by the City of San Francisco on March 1, 1970, "Honor the Earth" and the first celebration of Earth Day on March 21, 1970. In June 1970, McConnell created the Earth Day Proclamation for worldwide use and awareness, which declared the principles and responsibilities the signers undertook to care for the Earth. It was signed by 36 world leaders, including UN Secretary General U Thant, Margaret Mead, John Gardner and others.

The spring equinox Earth Day is celebrated in the Northern Hemisphere in many cities with ringing of peace bells. Earth Day has been celebrated annually since 1970 at the United Nations with ringing of the UN Peace Bell.

In June 1973, McConnell formed "The Earth Society Foundation".{{clarify|date=April 2021}} Margaret Mead later joined the foundation in September 1976 as the international chairman of Earth Day. The Earth Society, Inc. became The Earth Society Foundation, Inc. in December 1976.

File:Anna and John McConnell Founder of Earthday in Sept2012-IMG 3293.jpg

• List of peace activists

{{cite web |last1=McConnell |first1=John |title=Peace Activist |url=https://earthsocietyfoundation.org |website=Earth Society Foundation |access-date=26 January 2025}}

{{reflist}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20120911133615/http://www.earthsite.org/john.htm John McConnell Biography]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20120331232111/http://ifphc.org/pdf/Heritage/2010.pdf John McConnell, Jr. and the Pentecostal Origins of Earth Day]
• [http://agtv.ag.org/McConnell2009 Oral History Interview of John McConnell, Jr. about his Christian Faith]
• NY Times Article Oct. 28, 1998 [https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/national/regional/102898ny-col-gonzalez.html]
• [http://www.donrittner.com/his200.html/ Honor the Earth]
• John McConnell Live on YouTube Tells his Story Part 1 of 4 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WTSykK3q4I]

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Category:1915 births

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Category:American environmentalists

Category:Flag designers

Category:People from Decatur County, Iowa

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