John Ortell Kingston

{{Short description|American Mormon fundamentalist leader (1919–1987)}}

{{Infobox Latter Day Saint biography

| name = J. Ortell Kingston

| image = John Ortell Kingston.JPG

| image_size = 150px

| alt = Photo of Kingston in the military

| caption = Kingston in the Military

| birth_name = John Ortell Kingston

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1919|05|19}}

| birth_place = Idaho, United States

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1987|08|25|1919|05|19}}

| death_place = Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

| resting_place = Bountiful Memorial Park

| resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|40.8672|-111.8874|type:landmark|display=inline|name=Bountiful Memorial Park}}

| children =

| parents = Charles W. Kingston

| spouse = At least thirteen, including:

:LaDonna Peterson

:Marion H. Tucker

:Isabell Johnson

| portals = movement

| position_or_quorum1 = Trustee in Trust {{cite web|last=Hales|first=Brian C|title=John Ortell Kingston|url=http://www.mormonfundamentalism.com/ChartLinks/CharlesEldenKingston.htm|accessdate=22 October 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021185700/http://www.mormonfundamentalism.com/ChartLinks/CharlesEldenKingston.htm|archivedate=21 October 2013}}

| predecessor1 = Elden Kingston

| successor1 = Paul Elden Kingston

| start_date1 = {{start date|1948|07|08}}

| end_date1 = {{end date|1987|08|25}}

| end_reason1 =

}}

John Ortell Kingston (May 19, 1919 – August 25, 1987) was the Trustee of the Davis County Cooperative Society in Davis County, Utah, from 1948 until his death in 1987.

Davis County Cooperative membership

John Ortell Kingston, colloquially known as "Brother Ortell" was the son of Charles W. Kingston, a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) who had been excommunicated from the LDS Church on March 4, 1929. Kingston joined his brother Elden Kingston's cooperative shortly after its establishment. When Elden Kingston died from cancer in 1948, leadership of the Davis County Cooperative Society passed from Elden to Ortell.

During Ortell's tenure as Trustee of the Cooperative, some members formally organized the Latter Day Church of Christ in 1977.In 1941, Elden Kingston registered the "Davis County Cooperative Society Incorporated" in Utah. In 1977, J. Ortell Kingston registered "Latter Day Church of Christ" in Utah. Most members of the Cooperative became members of the church and retain dual-membership in both organizations to this day.{{Cite web|date=2013-01-27|title=The Primer: A Guidebook for Law Enforcement and Human Services Agencies Who Offer Assistance to Fundamentalist Mormon Families|url=http://attorneygeneral.utah.gov/cmsdocuments/The_Primer.pdf |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=Utah Attorney General|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127133628/http://attorneygeneral.utah.gov/cmsdocuments/The_Primer.pdf|archive-date=2013-01-27}}{{Cite journal|last=Osmond|first=Amy|date=December 2010|title=Organizational Identification: A Case Study of the Davis County Cooperative Society, the Latter Day Church of Christ or Kingston Order|url=|journal=University of Utah, Marriott Library|volume=|pages=|via=}}

Finances

The Cooperative had its birth during the Great Depression when many families were finding it hard to provide for their families.{{Cite book|last=Foster|first=Craig|title=American Polygamy|publisher=The History Press|year=2019|isbn=978-1-4671-3752-2|location=Charleston, SC|pages=81}} For many years, members of the Co-operative lived in poor conditions with those in need having no legal way to apply for assistance. Plural families at times resorted to gathering expired groceries that had been thrown out from local stores.Ana Breton, "Polygamist's home found in squalor", Salt Lake Tribune, 11 August 2007. Long-time leader John Ortell Kingston himself lived in a small dilapidated one-story clapboard house in Salt Lake City up until the time of his death in 1987.{{Cite news|last=Burton|first=Greg|date=August 16, 1998|title=Kingstons Cling to Vision of LDS Lifestyle|work=The Salt Lake Tribune}}D. Michael Quinn, [http://content.lib.utah.edu/u?/dialogue,10141 "Plural Marriage and Mormon Fundamentalism"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613232550/http://content.lib.utah.edu/u/?%2Fdialogue%2C10141|date=2011-06-13}}, Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 31(2) (Summer 1998): 1–68, accessed 6 June 2009.

As Trustee, Kingston aggressively pursued a financially expansive agenda for the CooperativeHales, Brian C. "[http://www.mormonfundamentalism.com/ChartLinks/JohnOrtellKingston.htm John Ortell Kingston] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018115400/http://mormonfundamentalism.com/ChartLinks/JohnOrtellKingston.htm |date=2013-10-18 }}". MormonFundamentalism.com, accessed 2009-06-06 in the hopes of improving the financial condition of his followers.

In 1983, after destitute members of the Cooperative had applied for assistance{{Cite web|title=DCCS Self-Sustaining Policy, Contributions to the Community|url=https://www.dccsociety.org/news-page/dccs-self-sustaining-policy|access-date=2021-01-20|website=www.dccsociety.org}} Utah sued Kingston to recoup the subsidies they had received, alleging they were ineligible to receive them due the cooperative's combined assets purporting to total $70 million. While admitting no wrongdoing, Kingston paid the state $250,000 to settle the case and it was dropped.Ray Rivera, "Utah Attorneys Key Figures in Polygamist Kingston Clan", Salt Lake Tribune, July 19, 1998.

Over the past 25 years, many members have become college educated and live in middle, to upper-middle-class homes in their respective communities.{{Cite book|last=Foster|first=Craig|title=American Polygamy|publisher=The History Press|year=2019|isbn=978-1-4671-3752-2|location=Charleston, SC|pages=198}}{{Cite journal|last=Mueller|first=Michelle|date=2019|title=Escaping the Perils of Sensationalist Television Reduction|url=|journal=Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative Religions|volume=22|pages=70|via=}} Currently the group claims that although different skillsets bring different financial outcomes, there is no homelessness within the DCCS and internal programs exist for those experiencing financial poverty.{{Cite web|title=DCCS - FAQ|url=https://www.dccsociety.org/faq|access-date=2021-01-20|website=www.dccsociety.org}}

Controversial practices

Kingston was living plural marriage until his death; he had married at least 13 wives and had dozens of children.Greg Burton, "When Incest Becomes a Religious Tenet", Salt Lake Tribune, 25 April 1999.

Throughout the 1940s and 50s, the state carried out an extensive campaign of legislation, raids and arrests in an attempt to break up plural families.{{Cite book|last=Foster|first=Craig|title=American Polygamy|publisher=The History Press|year=2019|isbn=978-1-4671-3752-2|location=Charleston, SC|pages=79–128}} For the Davis County Cooperative, this culminated in a Davis County Grand Jury investigation in 1959, 1960 described by the Ogden Standard-Examiner as "The polygamist hunting Davis County Grand Jury".{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=1959-12-25|title=Jury to Peak at Records Tuesday; Lets Woman Go Home for Christmas|work=The Ogden Standard-Examiner|url=|access-date=}} This likely contributed to the Cooperative associating mostly within themselves, marrying within the group, including some consanguineous marriages.{{Cite book|last=Foster|first=Craig|title=American Polygamy|publisher=The History Press|year=2019|isbn=978-1-4671-3752-2|location=Charleston, SC|pages=133}} In the late 1990s, some non-members and ex-members began claiming the practice stemmed from theories of genetic purification.Moore-Emmett, Andrea. God's Brothel. San Francisco, CA: Pince-Nez Press, 2004, pages 28, 67, 88, 146, 146. However, active members and recent independent research has more plausibly attributed the practice to "endogamous preference and the small size of the group’s population".{{Cite web|title=Incest could be behind probe of Kingston family|url=https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=&itype=ngpsid|access-date=2021-01-20|website=The Salt Lake Tribune|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Some of these marriages could be considered incestuous under Utah consanguinity laws.Utah Code: Title 30 Husband and Wife: Chapter 1 Marriage: Section 1 [http://www.le.utah.gov/UtahCode/getCodeSection?code=30-1-1 Incestuous marriages void].

Kingston taught his followers to "seek their own direction" when choosing who to marry, and to marry within the legal age of consent. For many members, this meant choosing to marry just after reaching legal age, which at times has been somewhat controversial. The legal age of consent in Utah has historically increased from 14, to 15, now to 16 with court approval in 2019.{{Cite web|title=A bill banning 15-year olds from marrying in Utah is headed to the governor|url=https://sltrib.com/news/politics/2019/03/12/bill-banning-year-olds|access-date=2021-01-20|website=The Salt Lake Tribune|language=en-US}} Plural relationships with anyone under 18 is prohibited. For decades, the Cooperative has publicly joined with many others in speaking out against child-bride marriages and the DCCS has a policy encouraging its members to marry within the legal age of consent.{{Cite web|title=Shurtleff: Child bride polygamous marriages appear to have stopped|url=https://www.ksl.com/article/7159092/shurtleff-child-bride-polygamous-marriages-appear-to-have-stopped|access-date=2021-01-20|website=KSL.com|language=en}}{{Cite web|last= |first= |date=2008-06-19|title=Polygamists are urged to make public statement|url=https://www.deseret.com/2008/6/19/20259142/polygamists-are-urged-to-make-public-statement|access-date=2021-01-20|website=Deseret News|language=en}}{{Cite web|last= |first= |date=2007-09-09|title=No longer performing child-bride marriages?|url=https://www.deseret.com/2007/9/9/20040225/no-longer-performing-child-bride-marriages|access-date=2021-01-20|website=Deseret News|language=en}} In a recent lawsuit, defendants allege abuses occurred in some marriages in the group.{{Cite web |last=Ryan |first=MacKenzie |date=2022-09-19 |title=Utah polygamist sect accused of indoctrination, rape and child marriage |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/sep/19/utah-polygamy-sect-kingston-group-lawsuit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919125217/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/sep/19/utah-polygamy-sect-kingston-group-lawsuit |archive-date=2022-09-19 |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=The Guardian |language=en}} Some defendants were as young as 16 when married, which is within the legal age of marriage in Utah.{{Cite web |last=Price |first=Michelle L. |last2=May 12 |first2=Associated Press {{!}} Posted- |last3=P.m |first3=2017 at 12:16 |title=Lawmaker wants to raise Utah minimum marriage age to 16 |url=https://www.ksl.com/article/44218713/lawmaker-wants-to-raise-utah-minimum-marriage-age-to-16 |access-date=2024-07-28 |website=www.ksl.com |language=en}}

Death

Kingston died in 1987 and was living plural marriage until his death. Ortell had at least thirteen wives and dozens of children. Kingston's sons comprise many of the members of the highest echelon of leadership within the cooperative as well as many of the plural families within the group.