John Peter Gassiot

Born in London, he joined the Royal Navy as a midshipman. In 1819 he married Elizabeth Scott and the couple had nine sons and three daughters.Harrison (2004) In 1822, he joined in business with Spaniard Sebastian Gonzalez Martinez to create the firm of Martinez Gassiot & Co.[http://www.bar-do-binho.com/go/indexmar.htm Martinez Gassiot & Co. company profile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818220359/http://www.bar-do-binho.com/go/indexmar.htm |date=18 August 2007 }}. Retrieved 5 August 2007 selling cigars, sherry and port.

He also became an enthusiastic amateur scientist with a particular interest in electricity. He created an amply-provided laboratory at his home on Clapham Common and opened it to his fellow scientists, including James Clerk Maxwell who performed much of his 1860s work on electrical resistance there.

Gassiot was a close associate of William Sturgeon and Charles Vincent Walker and the three were instrumental in founding the London Electrical Society in 1837. The society was famous for the public electrical displays mounted by Gassiot. Gassiot was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1841 and was instrumental in the Society's reform in the 1840s. He was a founder of the Chemical Society in 1845, closely associated with the London Institution, and a Surrey magistrate.

Gassiot was a close associate of William Robert Grove at the Royal Society, encouraging Grove to join the London Institution where the two worked together on the development of photography.{{cite book | title=The Calotype Patent Lawsuit of Talbot v. Laroche 1854 | author=Wood, R. D. | publisher=privately published | location=Bromley, Kent | year=1975 | url=http://www.midleykent.fsnet.co.uk/laroche/TalbotvLaroche.htm | isbn=0-9504377-0-0 | access-date=5 August 2007 | archive-date=2 January 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102053045/http://www.midleykent.fsnet.co.uk/laroche/TalbotvLaroche.htm | url-status=dead }}

Gassiot's work was particularly important in the demise of the contact theory of voltaic electricity. Starting in 1840 he performed a number of experiments culminating in 1844 where he used a battery of 100 mutually insulated Grove cells to show that a spark could be drawn before an electrical contact was made. Gassiot extended Groves's work on striae in electrical discharges, showing that the discharge cannot continue in a vacuum.

In 1858, Gassiot, in his Bakerian lecture, reported deflections of electrical discharges in rarefied gases both by magnetism and electrostatics.{{cite journal | title=The Bakerian Lecture: On the Stratifications and Dark Band in Electrical Discharges as Observed in Torricellian Vacua | author=Gassiot, J. P. | journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London | volume=148 | year=1858 | pages=1–16 | doi=10.1098/rstl.1858.0001 | s2cid=110334952 }} Though this was an early observation of the phenomenon of cathode rays, Julius Plücker is usually credited with their discovery.{{cite journal | title=The proton | first1=Carl E. | last1=Moore | first2=Bruno | last2=Jaselskis | first3=Alfred | last3=Smolinski | journal=Journal of Chemical Education | volume=62 | year=1985 | pages=859–860 | issue=10 | url=http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/AtomicStructure/Proton.pdf | doi=10.1021/ed062p859 | bibcode=1985JChEd..62..859M | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205083108/http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/AtomicStructure/Proton.pdf | archivedate=5 February 2007 | df=dmy-all }}

• Royal Medal of the Royal Society (1863).{{cite web | url=http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/page.asp?id=1753 | title=Royal archive winners Prior to 1900 | work=The Royal Society | accessdate=13 August 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930184346/http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/page.asp?id=1753 | archive-date=30 September 2007 | url-status=dead }}
• Juror's Medal of the London Exhibition of 1862.

Gassiot died at home at Ryde, Isle of Wight, but was taken to West Norwood Cemetery for burial.[http://www.fownc.org/ Gassiot family, various newsletters, Friends of West Norwood Cemetery]

His third son, Charles Gassiot (1826–1902), took over as head of the family wine business, and was an art patron, donating extensively to the Guildhall Art Gallery.

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• Obituaries:
• Journal of the Chemical Society, 33 (1878), 227
• Nature, 16 (1877), 388, 399–400

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• {{cite book | last=Hall | first=M. B. | title=All Scientists Now: The Royal Society in the Nineteenth Century | year=1984 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=0-521-89263-5 }}
• Harrison, W. J. (2004) "[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/10439 Gassiot, John Peter (1797–1877)]", rev. Iwan Rhys Morus, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press. Retrieved 5 August 2007 {{ODNBsub}}
• {{cite journal | title=Chemistry and chemists at the London Institution 1807–1912 | author=Kurzer, F. | journal=Annals of Science | volume=58 | year=2001 | pages=163–201 | doi=10.1080/00033790010011177 | issue=2| s2cid=143359294 }}
• {{cite journal | last=Morus | first=I. R. | title=Currents from the underworld: electricity and the technology of display in early Victorian England | journal=Isis | volume=84 | pages=50–69 | year=1993 | doi=10.1086/356373 | s2cid=143983050 }}
• {{cite book | last=Morus | first=I. R. | title=Frankenstein's Children: Electricity, Exhibition and Experiment in Early-Nineteenth-Century London | publisher=Princeton University Press | year=1998 | isbn=0-691-05952-7 }}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20071014063510/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701713/session2.html Electricity on Show: Spectacular Events in Victorian London] – Science Museum

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Category:1797 births

Category:1877 deaths

Category:English scientists

Category:Burials at West Norwood Cemetery

Category:Fellows of the Royal Society

Category:Royal Medal winners

Category:Writers from London

Category:People from Ryde

Category:19th-century English businesspeople