John Pickard (neurosurgeon)

Pickard attended King George V Grammar School, Southport and then studied Natural Sciences at the University of Cambridge (Bachelor of Arts with First Class Honours in Physiology and Biophysics in 1967). He then completed his Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery at King's College Hospital in London in 1970 and Master of Surgery (MChir with distinction for his thesis on ‘The Role of Prostaglandins in the Control of the Cerebral Circulation’) from the University of Cambridge in 1981.{{cite web|title=Docteurs Honoris Causa 2008 – M. John Douglas Pickard|url=https://www.ulg.ac.be/cms/c_131586/en/docteurs-honoris-causa-2008-m-john-douglas-pickard|website=Universite de Liège|accessdate=10 January 2015|language=French|date=27 January 2009}}{{cite journal|last1=Gelling|first1=L|last2=Shiel|first2=A|last3=Elliott|first3=L|last4=Owen|first4=A|last5=Wilson|first5=B|last6=Menon|first6=D|last7=Pickard|first7=J|title=Commentary on Oh H. and Seo W. (2003) Sensory stimulation programme to improve recovery in comatose patients. Journal of Clinical Nursing 12, 394–404.|journal=Journal of Clinical Nursing|date=January 2004|volume=13|issue=1|pages=125–7|pmid=14687306|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2702.2003.00832.x|hdl=10379/9206|s2cid=38785588|doi-access=free}} He is a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh since 1974 and England (Ad eundem) since 1989. Since 1998, Pickard has been a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences.{{cite web|title=Fellow: Professor John Pickard FMedSci|url=http://www.acmedsci.ac.uk/fellows/fellows-directory/ordinary-fellows/professor-john-pickard/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402154726/http://www.acmedsci.ac.uk/fellows/fellows-directory/ordinary-fellows/professor-john-pickard/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 April 2015|website=The Academy of Medical Sciences|accessdate=10 January 2015}}

Pickard trained in neurosurgery at the Institute of Neurological Sciences in Glasgow and at the University of Pennsylvania. He then became an honorary consultant neurosurgeon and senior lecturer, reader and professor of clinical neurology at the Wessex Neurological Centre and University of Southampton. In 1991, he was appointed the first professor of neurosurgery at the University of Cambridge, based at Addenbrooke's Hospital.{{cite web|title=Profile: John Douglas Pickard, MD|url=http://www.societyns.org/society/bio.aspx?MemberID=11306|website=The Society of Neurological Surgeons|accessdate=10 January 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060213/http://www.societyns.org/society/bio.aspx?MemberID=11306|url-status=dead}} His clinical practice included, at various times, subspecialty interests in neurovascular surgery, complex necks, hydrocephalus and tumours of the pituitary gland and IIIrd ventricle.

With colleagues, Pickard established and was the first chairman and clinical director of the Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre (WBIC), a division of the University of Cambridge's Department of Clinical Neurosciences,{{cite web|title=About the WBIC|url=http://www.wbic.cam.ac.uk/about|website=Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre|accessdate=10 January 2015}} Pickard, in his capacity with the WBIC, worked with patients who were critically ill, the morbidly obese and patients with acute mental health and addiction problems.{{cite web|title=Signs of Life|url=http://www.cam.ac.uk/news/signs-of-life|website=University of Cambridge|accessdate=13 January 2015|date=27 June 2003}} From 2001 to 2013, Pickard was the National Health Service (NHS) divisional director for neurosciences at Addenbrooke's Hospital.{{cite web|title=Board of Governors Medical Director's Annual Report 2008|url=http://www.cuh.org.uk/resources/pdf/cuh/structure/foundation_trust/governors/meetings/2008/dec/(J)_2008MDAnnualReport-Final_BoG.pdf|website=Cambridge University Hospitals|accessdate=10 January 2015|date=4 December 2008|archive-date=30 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830234034/http://cuh.org.uk/resources/pdf/cuh/structure/foundation_trust/governors/meetings/2008/dec/(J)_2008MDAnnualReport-Final_BoG.pdf|url-status=dead}} In 2009, Pickard became an NIHR senior investigator.{{cite web|title=NIHR Senior Investigators 2009|url=http://www.nihr.ac.uk/documents/faculty/Senior%20Investigators%20-%20list%20of%20second%20round%20appointments%20March%202009.pdf|website=National Institute for Health Research|accessdate=10 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418085641/http://www.nihr.ac.uk/documents/faculty/Senior%20Investigators%20-%20list%20of%20second%20round%20appointments%20March%202009.pdf|archive-date=18 April 2015|url-status=dead}} At the end of 2013, Pickard retired from full-time NHS practice and head of academic neurosurgery, but remained active in research as a voluntary director of research in the University of Cambridge.{{cite web|title=Professor Pickard Retires|url=http://www.sinapse.ac.uk/news/professor-pickard-retires|website=SINAPSE|accessdate=10 January 2015}}

In 2013, Pickard became the first Cambridge HTC honorary director, which is one of eight national co-operatives that receive funding from the NIHR. The Cambridge HTC is the only HTC to focus on brain injury.{{cite web|title=Cambridge project offers fresh hope for patients with brain injuries|url=http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/Cambridge-project-offers-fresh-hope-patients-brain-injuries/story-22750546-detail/story.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150117100157/http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/Cambridge-project-offers-fresh-hope-patients-brain-injuries/story-22750546-detail/story.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 January 2015|website=Cambridge News|accessdate=10 January 2015|date=9 December 2013}}

In addition to his presidency of Society of British Neurological Surgeons (SBNS), Pickard was previously chairman of the Joint Neurosciences Council and remains the honorary civilian consultant for neurosurgery to the British Army.{{cite web|title=Archibald Clark-Kennedy Lecture by Professor John Pickard, 16th February, 2013|url=http://www.neuroscience.cam.ac.uk/news/article.php?permalink=f560f6e8a4|website=Cambridge Neuroscience|accessdate=10 January 2015|date=5 February 2013}} Pickard was a member of the UK Government's Animal Procedures Committee and chaired a report into the assessment of cumulative severity and lifetime experience in non-human primates used in neuroscience. This report, also called the Pickard Report, was published in 2013.{{cite web|last1=Ettinger|first1=Joshua|title=U.K. Report on Use of Primates in Research Challenges Notion of Cumulative Suffering|url=http://www.aaas.org/news/uk-report-use-primates-research-challenges-notion-cumulative-suffering|website=AAAS|accessdate=10 January 2015|date=10 February 2014}} In addition, Pickard was also president of Academia Eurasiana Neurochirurgica from 2011 to 2012.{{cite web|title=Past-Presidents|url=http://academiaeurasianans.org/default.aspx?sid=7|website=Academia Eurasiana Neurochirurgica|accessdate=10 January 2015|archive-date=3 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203132132/http://academiaeurasianans.org/default.aspx?sid=7|url-status=dead}}

Pickard is a patron and former president of Cambridgeshire Headway,{{cite web|title=Headway Cambridgeshire's New Patron|url=http://www.headway-cambs.org.uk/2011/10/new-patron/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150117100213/http://www.headway-cambs.org.uk/2011/10/new-patron/|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 January 2015|website=Headway Cambridgeshire|accessdate=10 January 2015|date=15 October 2011}}{{cite web|title=Mind Your Head campaign launches in Cambridgeshire to find solutions to the dangers of brain trauma|url=http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/Mind-Head-campaign-launches-Cambridgeshire-solutions-dangers-brain-trauma/story-22750812-detail/story.html|website=Cambridge News|accessdate=10 January 2015|date=9 May 2014|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402120516/http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/Mind-Head-campaign-launches-Cambridgeshire-solutions-dangers-brain-trauma/story-22750812-detail/story.html|url-status=dead}} a founder-trustee and chairman of the research committee of the Brain and Spine Foundation,{{cite web|last1=Hamlyn|first1=Peter J|title=The Brains of Britain: Facts about the brain and its spine|url=http://www.spinesurgerylondon.com/data/documents/TSSL%20Brain%20%20Spine%20facts.pdf|website=Spine Surgery London|publisher=Brain and Spine Foundation|accessdate=10 January 2015|date=2012|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402090847/http://www.spinesurgerylondon.com/data/documents/TSSL%20Brain%20%20Spine%20facts.pdf|url-status=dead}} a trustee of the Brain Research Trust and was the first patron of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) UK.{{cite web|title=Sarah Hibberd played rugby for Henley Hawks Women's Rugby Team|url=http://www.iih.org.uk/newlist/74-sarah-hibberd-played-rugby-for-henley-hawks-womens-rugby-team|website=Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension UK|accessdate=10 January 2015|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924033354/http://www.iih.org.uk/newlist/74-sarah-hibberd-played-rugby-for-henley-hawks-womens-rugby-team|url-status=dead}}

Pickard's research focuses on the care of critically ill patients after brain injury.{{cite journal|last1=Steiner|first1=LA|last2=Czosnyka|first2=M|last3=Piechnik|first3=SK|last4=Smielewski|first4=P|last5=Chatfield|first5=D|last6=Menon|first6=DK|last7=Pickard|first7=JD|title=Continuous monitoring of cerebrovascular pressure reactivity allows determination of optimal cerebral perfusion pressure in patients with traumatic brain injury.|journal=Critical Care Medicine|date=2002|volume=30|issue=4|pages=733–8|pmid=11940737|doi=10.1097/00003246-200204000-00002|s2cid=19175665}}{{cite web|last1=Quested|first1=Tony|title=Cambridge study to give every Schumacher personalised treatment|url=http://www.businessweekly.co.uk/academia-a-research/16447-cambridge-study-to-give-every-schumacher-personalised-treatment|website=Business Weekly|accessdate=10 January 2015|date=29 January 2014}} He led the British Aneurysm Nimodipine trial (BRANT), which demonstrated that nimodipine reduces the incidence of poor outcomes after subarachnoid haemorrhage by 40 per cent.{{cite journal|last1=Pickard|first1=JD|last2=Murray|first2=GD|last3=Illingworth|first3=R|last4=Shaw|first4=MD|last5=Teasdale|first5=GM|last6=Foy|first6=PM|last7=Humphrey|first7=PR|last8=Lang|first8=DA|last9=Nelson|first9=R|last10=Richards|first10=P|title=Effect of oral nimodipine on cerebral infarction and outcome after subarachnoid haemorrhage: British aneurysm nimodipine trial|journal=BMJ|date=1989|volume=298|issue=6674|pages=636–42|pmid=2496789|doi=10.1136/bmj.298.6674.636|pmc=1835889}} His work has included definition of how early insults to the brain in both childhood and later life may lead to late changes in cognitive outcome and new ways of detecting when the blood supply to critical areas of the brain becomes a risk.{{cite journal|last1=Pickard|first1=JD|last2=Matheson|first2=M|last3=Patterson|first3=J|last4=Wyper|first4=D|title=Prediction of late ischemic complications after cerebral aneurysm surgery by the intraoperative measurement of cerebral blood flow|journal=Journal of Neurosurgery|date=1980|volume=53|issue=3|pages=305–8|pmid=7420145|doi=10.3171/jns.1980.53.3.0305|s2cid=33506496}} Pickard established and chairs the Impaired Consciousness Research Group in Cambridge,{{cite web|title=The Impaired Consciousness Research Group|url=http://www.wbic.cam.ac.uk/Members/cric/research/investigators/the-impaired-consciousness-research-group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102172529/http://www.wbic.cam.ac.uk/Members/cric/research/investigators/the-impaired-consciousness-research-group|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 January 2015|website=Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre|accessdate=10 January 2015}} which demonstrated that functional neuroimaging could be used to detect awareness in patients who are incapable of generating any recognisable behavioural response and appeared to be in a vegetative state.{{cite journal|last1=Owen|first1=AM|last2=Coleman|first2=MR|last3=Boly|first3=M|last4=Davis|first4=MH|last5=Laureys|first5=S|last6=Pickard|first6=JD|title=Detecting awareness in the vegetative state|journal=Science|date=2006|volume=313|issue=5792|page=1402|pmid=16959998|doi=10.1126/science.1130197|citeseerx=10.1.1.1022.2193|s2cid=54524352}}{{cite web|title=BBC Panorama highlights innovative brain function research at Addenbrooke's|url=http://www.cuh.org.uk/news/media-relations/bbc-panorama-highlights-innovative-brain-function-research-addenbrooke’s|website=Cambridge University Hospitals|accessdate=10 January 2015|date=14 November 2012}}

Pickard has also studied which parts of the brain are affected in normal pressure hydrocephalus{{cite journal|last1=Momjian|first1=S|last2=Owler|first2=BK|last3=Czosnyka|first3=Z|last4=Czosnyka|first4=M|last5=Pena|first5=A|last6=Pickard|first6=JD|title=Pattern of white matter regional cerebral blood flow and autoregulation in normal pressure hydrocephalus|journal=Brain|date=2004|volume=127|issue=Pt 5|pages=965–72|pmid=15033897|doi=10.1093/brain/awh131|doi-access=free}} and novel treatments for pseudotumor cerebri and cerebral venous disorders.

With others, Pickard established the Cambridge Shunt Evaluation Laboratory, which provides an international service for shunt testing in-vivo, and the UK Shunt Registry in 1994.{{cite journal|last1=Czosnyka|first1=M|last2=Czosnyka|first2=Z|last3=Whitehouse|first3=H|last4=Pickard|first4=JD|title=Hydrodynamic properties of hydrocephalus shunts: United Kingdom Shunt Evaluation Laboratory|journal=Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry|date=1997|volume=62|issue=1|pages=43–50|pmid=9010399|doi=10.1136/jnnp.62.1.43|pmc=486694}}{{cite journal|last1=Pickard|first1=JD|last2=Richards|first2=HK|title=Principles of quality management in medicine: the British concept.|journal=Acta Neurochirurgica. Supplement|date=2001|volume=78|pages=45–52|pmid=11840730|doi=10.1007/978-3-7091-6237-8_7|isbn=978-3-7091-7275-9}} The formation of the Registry was funded by the UK Department of Health Medical Devices Agency and contains data on over 70,000 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt-related procedures.{{cite journal|last1=Richards|first1=H|last2=Seeley|first2=H|last3=Pickard|first3=J|title=Are adjustable valves effective in all ages of patient? Data from the UK Shunt Registry|journal=Cerebrospinal Fluid Research|date=2010|volume=7|issue=Suppl 1|page=S40|doi=10.1186/1743-8454-7-S1-S40|pmc=3026519|doi-access=free}}

Pickard has published some 500{{cite web|title=John D Pickard – List of Publications|url=http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Author/18060315/john-douglas-pickard|website=Microsoft Academic Search|access-date=10 January 2015|archive-date=12 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212050603/http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Author/18060315/john-douglas-pickard|url-status=dead}} publications in scientific and medical journals, including Nature New Biology,{{cite journal|last1=Pickard|first1=JD|last2=Mackenzie|first2=ET|title=Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and the response of baboon cerebral circulation to carbon dioxide.|journal=Nature New Biology|date=1973|volume=245|issue=145|pages=187–8|pmid=4200498|doi=10.1038/newbio245187a0}} the British Medical Journal, Nature,{{cite journal|last1=Pickard|first1=JD|last2=Gillard|first2=JH|title=Guidelines reduce the risk of brain-scan shock.|journal=Nature|date=2005|volume=435|issue=7038|page=17|pmid=15874992|doi=10.1038/435017a|bibcode=2005Natur.435...17P|doi-access=free}} Science, Brain, The Lancet{{cite journal|last1=Higgins|first1=JN|last2=Owler|first2=BK|last3=Cousins|first3=C|last4=Pickard|first4=JD|title=Venous sinus stenting for refractory benign intracranial hypertension.|journal=The Lancet|date=2002|volume=359|issue=9302|pages=228–30|pmid=11812561|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(02)07440-8|s2cid=12998222}} and the New England Journal of Medicine.{{cite journal|last1=Monti|first1=MM|last2=Vanhaudenhuyse|first2=A|last3=Coleman|first3=MR|last4=Boly|first4=M|last5=Pickard|first5=JD|last6=Tshibanda|first6=L|last7=Owen|first7=AM|last8=Laureys|first8=S|title=Willful modulation of brain activity in disorders of consciousness|journal=N Engl J Med|date=2010|volume=362|issue=7|pages=579–89|pmid=20130250|doi=10.1056/nejmoa0905370|s2cid=13358991|doi-access=free}} He has co-authored 6 books, including a monograph on 'Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome'. He was formerly editor-in-chief of the series Advances in Technical Standards in Neurosurgery,{{cite book|last1=Pickard|first1=JD|last2=Akalan|first2=N|last3=Benes|first3=V|last4=Di Rocco|first4=C|last5=Dolenc|first5=VV|last6=Antunes|first6=JL|last7=Johannes|first7=J|last8=Sindou|first8=M|title=Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery: Volume 36|date=2010|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|location=Austria|isbn=978-3709101797}} editor-in-chief of the British Journal of Neurosurgery (2000-2006) and neurosurgical editor of the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. The ISI Web of Science credits him with an h-index of 67.{{cite web|title=John D Pickard – Citation Report|url=http://apps.webofknowledge.com/CitationReport.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&SID=W1qQbHMsbjm9FR7XkwH&page=1&cr_pqid=10&viewType=summary|website=Web of Science|accessdate=11 January 2015}}

In 2000, Pickard received the Robert H. Pudenz Award for excellence in CSF physiology.{{cite web|title=Hydrocephalus News Letter|url=https://kenkyuukai.m3.com/journal/FilePreview_Journal.asp?path=sys%5Cjournal%5C20120313150007-A313D678630B417FB35C8C89DA79E6699FE893FCBFB49C6221E1E8872A438BB0.pdf&sid=199&id=6&sub_id=41&cid=471|accessdate=11 January 2015|date=2010}} In 2008, he was awarded the Docteur Honoris Causa from the University of Liège, Belgium. In 2010, Pickard was awarded the Guthrie Memorial Medal of the Royal Army Medical Corps and named as one of Britain's top doctors by The Times.{{cite news|last1=Grainger|first1=Lisa|title=Britain's top doctors directory|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/healthcare/article/britains-top-doctors-directory-d7cg6qcvmdh|newspaper=The Times|access-date=11 January 2015|date=13 November 2010}}{{cite web|title=The Times: Six CUH doctors are best in Britain |url=http://www.cuh.org.uk/addenbrookes/news/2010/november/six_top_consultants.html |publisher=Cambridge University Hospitals |accessdate=11 January 2015 |date=16 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128090436/http://www.cuh.org.uk/addenbrookes/news/2010/november/six_top_consultants.html |archivedate=28 November 2010 }} In 2014, he received the Lifetime Achievement Appreciation Award from the International Society for Hydrocephalus and CSF Disorders.

Pickard was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2020 New Year Honours for services to neurosciences, neurosurgery and research for patients with complex neurological disorders.{{London Gazette|issue=62866|supp=y|page=N10|date=28 December 2019}}

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• [http://www.neuroscience.cam.ac.uk/directory/profile.php?prof.jdp Professor John Pickard: Cambridge Neuroscience]

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Category:1946 births

Category:Living people

Category:People educated at King George V College

Category:Alumni of St Catharine's College, Cambridge

Category:Alumni of King's College London

Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England

Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh

Category:Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom)

Category:Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania alumni

Category:Academics of the University of Southampton

Category:Medical academics at the University of Cambridge

Category:Fellows of St Catharine's College, Cambridge

Category:English neurosurgeons

Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire

Category:Professors of the University of Cambridge