John Shippen

{{Infobox golfer

| name = John Shippen

| image = JohnShippen-c.1899.JPG

| imagesize = 175

| caption = Shippen, c. 1899

| fullname = John Matthew Shippen

| nickname =

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1879|12|2}}{{cite AV media | title=John Matthew Shippen's WWII Draft Registration Card | publisher=National Archives | date=1942 | title-link=:File:John Matthew Shippen WWII Draft Registration card.pdf }}

| birth_place = Washington, D.C.

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1968|5|20|1879|12|2}}

| death_place = Newark, New Jersey

| height = {{height|ft=5|in=6}}

| weight = 158 lb

| nationality = {{USA}}

| residence =

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| college =

| status = Professional

| yearpro =

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| tour =

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| prowins =

| majorwins =

| masters = DNP

| usopen = T5: 1896, 1902

| open = DNP

| pga =

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}}

John Matthew Shippen Jr. (December 2, 1879 – May 20, 1968) was an American professional golfer. Shippen is best known for his success at the early U.S. Opens, finishing fifth at the 1896 U.S. Open and the 1902 U.S. Open. Shippen, of black and Native American descent, is believed to be the first American-born professional golfer.

Early life

In 1879, Shippen was born in Washington, D.C.. He was the son of a former slave and Presbyterian minister, John Shippen Sr. and Eliza Spotswood Shippen. He is believed to be the first American-born golf professional.{{Cite web |title=NJSGA Hall of Fame |url=https://www.njsga.org/hall-of-fame/john-shippen-1879-1968 |access-date=2021-07-03 |publisher=New Jersey State Golf Association}}

When he was nine his father was sent to serve as minister on the Shinnecock Indian Reservation—close to Shinnecock Hills—one of America's earliest golf clubs. John Jr. worked as a caddie at the course and was taught to play by the club's Scottish professional, Willie Dunn Jr.

Professional career

At the age of 16, Shippen earned an assistant professional post at Shinnecock Hills Golf Club where he began giving lessons to some of the club members and became an accomplished player in his own right.

The Shinnecock Hills course was chosen to host the second U.S. Open in 1896. Shippen played superb golf, finishing in fifth place.{{cite news |title=Great Golf By Foulis |url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1896-07-19/ed-3/seq-4/#date1=1896&index=8&rows=20&words=championship+open&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1896&proxtext=open+championship&y=13&x=18&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1 |accessdate=April 10, 2015 |newspaper=The New York Sun |date=July 18, 1896}} Prior to the start of the tournament, some club members had been so impressed with Shippen's talent for the game that they decided to pay his entry fee for the tournament, along with that of his close friend, Oscar Bunn, a Shinnecock Indian.

When the professional entrants for the competition found out a racial controversy had begun, they threatened to boycott the event, but they backed down after USGA president Theodore Havemeyer stated that the tournament would proceed even if only Shippen and Dunn took part. Shippen was paired with Charles B. Macdonald, winner of the first U.S. Amateur in 1895. He was tied for second place after the first of the two rounds, and remained in contention until he drove his ball onto a sandy road at the 13th hole and scored an eleven. If he had made par on that hole, he would have made a playoff for the championship, but he still finished in a tie for fifth and won $10 as the fourth-placed non-amateur. Scottish-born James Foulis won the $150 first prize.

Shippen played in five more U.S. Opens, and his best finish was a tie for fifth in 1902.{{cite news |title=Open Golf Champion |url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn90059523/1902-10-12/ed-1/seq-8/#date1=1902&index=1&rows=20&words=AUCHTERLONIE+Auchterlonie&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1902&proxtext=Auchterlonie&y=18&x=16&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1 |accessdate=August 26, 2015 |newspaper=The Saint Paul Globe |location=Minnesota |date=October 12, 1902}} He made his career in golf and served as professional at several clubs, the last of which was Shady Rest Golf and Country Club in New Jersey, where he worked from 1932 until the club was acceded to the township of Scotch Plains in 1964.{{cite book |title=Selected Biography: Goodner, Ross – Shinneck Hills Golf Club (1891-1966) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xdV_JV1fbZMC&q=john+shippen+golfer&pg=PA416 |publisher=Shinncock Hills Golf Club |accessdate=April 10, 2015|isbn = 9780313299117|year = 2000}} As a professional, Shippen made and sold his own clubs which bore a stamp reading "J. M. Shippen".[https://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/investigation/shippen-golf-club/ PBS History Detectives – Shippen Golf Club]

No other African-American played in the Open until Ted Rhodes took part in 1948.

Legacy and death

File:Shady Rest Clubhouse, Scotch Plains, NJ.jpg]]

He died on May 20, 1968, at a nursing home in Newark, New Jersey.{{cite news |title=John M. Shippen, 90, Early Negro Golfer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1968/05/22/archives/john-m-shippen-90-early-negro-golfer.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=May 22, 1968}} He is buried at the Rosedale Cemetery in Linden, New Jersey.{{cite web |title=John Matthew Shippen, Jr. / Hall of Merit / Class of 2020 |date=November 30, 2020 |url=https://mgahonors.org/honorees/john-matthew-shippen-jr-2020/ |publisher=Metropolitan Golf Association – Honors}}

When the U.S. Open was played at Shinnecock Hills in 1986, Shippen was remembered during the ABC television broadcast. For many members of the former Shady Rest club, it was the first time they had learned of his accomplishments.{{cite magazine |last=Williams |first=Michael |title=Remembering John Shippen, the diminutive pro who was a giant |url=https://www.golfdigest.com/story/game-changers-john-shippen |magazine=Golf Digest |date=February 16, 2021}} The John Shippen Museum is located in the clubhouse of the Shady Rest Golf and Country Club in Scotch Plains.{{cite web |title=Legacy of John Shippen is celebrated at Scotch Hills CC Museum |url=https://www.njsga.org/news/post/legacy-of-john-shippen-is-celebrated-at-scotch-hills-cc-museum |publisher=New Jersey State Golf Association |date=November 16, 2020}} The John Shippen National Invitational Golf Tournament for Black Golfers was established by Intersport in 2021.{{cite web |title=The John Shippen |url=https://thejohnshippen.com/ |publisher=Intersport}}

In 2009, the PGA of America granted posthumous membership to Shippen, Rhodes, and Bill Spiller who were denied the opportunity to become PGA members during their professional careers. The PGA also granted posthumous honorary membership to boxer Joe Louis.[http://www.pga.com/2009/news/pga/08/04/golf_pioneers/ PGA of America bestows membership upon late African-American pioneers] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907135327/http://www.pga.com/2009/news/pga/08/04/golf_pioneers/|date=2009-09-07}}

In 2018, Shippen was posthumously inducted in to the New Jersey Hall of Fame.{{Cite web |last=Golf 2025 |first=N. J. |title=NJ Golf Honors |url=https://njgolf.org/hall-of-fame/john-shippen-1879-1968 |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=NJ Golf}}

Results in major championships

class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;text-align:center;"

!Tournament

!1896

!1897

!1898

!1899

!1900

!1901

!1902

!1903

!1904

align=left|U.S. Open

|style="background:yellow;"|T5

|style="background:#eeeeee;"|

|T25

|T27

|style="background:#eeeeee;"|

|style="background:yellow;"|T5

|style="background:#eeeeee;"|

class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;text-align:center;"

!Tournament

!1905

!1906

!1907

!1908

!1909

!1910

!1911

!1912

!1913

align="left" |U.S. Open

|style="background:#eeeeee;"|

|CUT

|style="background:#eeeeee;"|

|T41

Note: Shippen played only in the U.S. Open Championship.

CUT = missed the half way cut

"T" indicates a tie for a place.

References

External links

{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Find a Grave}}
{{cite web |last1=Vanhouten |first1=Matt |title=John Matthew Shippen, Jr. (1879–1968) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/shippen-john-matthew-jr-1879-1968/ |publisher=BlackPast.org |date=February 21, 2011}}

Category:American male golfers

Category:African-American golfers

Category:Golfers from Washington, D.C.

Category:Golfers from New York (state)

Category:Golfers from New Jersey

Category:Sportspeople from Scotch Plains, New Jersey

Category:1879 births

Category:1968 deaths

Category:20th-century African-American sportsmen