John Spellman

{{Infobox officeholder

|name = John Spellman

|image = JohnDSpellman.jpg

|order = 18th Governor of Washington

|lieutenant = John Cherberg

|term_start = January 14, 1981

|term_end = January 16, 1985

|predecessor = Dixy Lee Ray

|successor = Booth Gardner

|office1 = 1st King County Executive

|term_start1 = May 1, 1969

|term_end1 = January 14, 1981

|predecessor1 = Office established

|successor1 = Ron Dunlap

| office2 = King County Commissioner

| term_start2 = January 1, 1968

| term_end2 = May 1, 1969

| predecessor2 = Scott Wallace

| successor2 = Office abolished

|birth_name = John Dennis Spellman

|birth_date = {{birth date|1926|12|29}}

|birth_place = Seattle, Washington, U.S.

|death_date = {{death date and age|2018|1|16|1926|12|29}}

|death_place = Seattle, Washington, U.S.

|resting_place=Calvary Cemetery, Seattle, Washington, U.S.

|party = Republican

|spouse = {{marriage|Lois Murphy|February 20, 1954}}

|children = 6

| occupation = {{hlist|Lawyer|politician}}

|education = Seattle University {{small|(BBA)}}
Georgetown University {{small|(JD)}}

|allegiance = United States

|branch = United States Navy

|serviceyears = 1944–1946

|battles = World War II

}}

John Dennis Spellman (December 29, 1926 – January 16, 2018) was an American politician who served as the first King County executive from 1969 to 1981 and the 18th governor of Washington from 1981 to 1985.

Spellman was elected governor in 1980 amid large gains for Republicans across the country. During his tenure, the Washington State economy suffered due to the early 1980s recession. Spellman was defeated in his reelection campaign in 1984. To date, he is the last Republican to have held the office of Governor of Washington.

Early life and education

Spellman was born in Seattle, to insurance executive Sterling Bartholomew "Bart" Spellman{{cite web|url=https://www.ancestry.com.au/genealogy/records/sterling-bartholomew-spellman_43187874|title=Sterling Bartholomew Spellman|publisher=Ancestry}}{{cite news |date=March 5, 1955 |title=Bart Spellman Killed In Mexico Crash; Wife Hurt |page=1 |work=The Seattle Times}} and teacher Lela A. Spellman (née Cushman).{{cite news |date=May 12, 1985 |title=Lela Spellman dies; mother of former governor |page=C6 |work=The Seattle Times}}{{cite book |last=Mullaney |first=Marie Marmo |date=1989 |title=Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States, 1983-1988 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QsqHAAAAMAAJ&q=john+dennis+spellman+born |publisher=Meckler |page=363 |isbn=978-0-887-36177-7 }} He was of Irish and English Puritan descent. His paternal grandfather, Dennis Bartholomew "Denny" Spellman, arrived in Seattle from Ireland just before the great fire of 1889 and became a successful plumbing contractor. His maternal grandmother was one of the first white children born in Oregon Territory and settled in the town of Brownsville. His father, Bart, was a standout guard for the University of Oregon in its 1917 Rose Bowl victory over the heavily favored University of Pennsylvania and later was an assistant coach at both Oregon and the University of Washington.{{cite web|url=https://www.sos.wa.gov/legacy/stories/john-spellman/|title=John Spellman: Politics Never Broke His Heart|publisher=Office of the Secretary of State|access-date=January 17, 2018}}

Spellman was raised in the Eastside suburbs of Hunts Point, Washington and Bellevue, Washington with his sister Mary; his older half-brother David Bartholomew was killed during the Korean War.{{cite web |last=Oldham |first=Kit |date=March 11, 2006 |title=Spellman, John D. (1926-2018) |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/7674 |publisher=HistoryLink |access-date=January 16, 2018}} He completed his high school education at Seattle Preparatory School, graduating in 1944. The same year, he left high school midway through his senior year studies to enroll in the Merchant Marine cadet program during World War II and served in the United States Navy.{{cite web|url=https://www.sos.wa.gov/legacy/stories/john-spellman/bio.html|title=John Spellman|publisher=Office of the Secretary of State|access-date=January 17, 2018}} Under the G.I. Bill, he was a 1949 BBS graduate of Seattle University in history and political science, and a 1953 graduate of the Georgetown University Law Center. Spellman met his wife Lois Elizabeth Murphy (1927–2018), who was from Havre, Montana, in a Spanish class while attending Seattle University;{{cite web|url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2018/jan/25/former-washington-first-lady-lois-spellman-dies/|title=Former Washington First Lady Lois Spellman dies|date=25 January 2018|publisher=The Spokesman-Review|author=Camden, Jim}}{{cite web|url=http://www.theolympian.com/news/local/article196623384.html|title=Former Washington first lady Lois Spellman dies days after losing her husband|publisher=The Olympian|author=Pemberton, Lisa|date=25 January 2018}} the two were married in 1954 and had six children together, Margo, Bart, David, Jeffrey, Teresa and Kat.{{cite web|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/news/2018/01/17/late-gov-john-spellman-family-obit-guinness.html|date=28 January 2018|title=Late Gov. John Spellman's family asks Washingtonians to raise a Guinness|publisher=Puget Sound Business Journal}}

Early political career

Spellman entered politics after joining a group of progressive Republicans who sought to reform the party. He became a member of the Municipal Civic Service Commission while practicing as an attorney in the early 1960s.{{cite news |date=June 26, 1964 |title=Lawyer Will Work for Evans |page=33 |work=The Seattle Times}} Spellman ran for mayor of Seattle in 1964, but did not advance past the primary.{{cite news |date=February 12, 1964 |title=Seattle Returns |page=4 |work=The Seattle Times}} He campaigned for Daniel J. Evans in his successful bid to become governor later that year. Spellman was elected to the three-member King County Commission in 1967.{{cite web|url=http://q13fox.com/2018/01/16/former-washington-governor-john-d-spellman-dies-at-91/|title=Former Washington Governor John D. Spellman Dies at 91|publisher=Q13 Fox|access-date=January 16, 2018|date=January 16, 2018}} Following a voter-approved plan to implement a new Home Rule Charter in 1968, the office of County Executive was established and Spellman was elected the county's first chief executive over former governor Albert Rosellini in 1969.

Spellman played the lead role in establishing the county's new governmental structure under the Charter. He consolidated previously independent departments and replaced the old patronage system with a merit system. Spellman supervised the controversial process of siting and building the Kingdome, the domed stadium that provided the first home for the Seattle Seahawks and Seattle Mariners, and initiated early efforts to deal with uncontrolled growth. He was twice re-elected to the office in 1973 and 1977.

Governor of Washington (1981–1985)

Spellman first ran for governor in 1976 and was the top Republican in the state's blanket primary, but lost the general election to Democrat Dixy Lee Ray.{{cite news|url=https://www.opb.org/news/article/john-spellman-washington-governor-obit-death/|title=Former Washington Governor John Spellman Dies at 91|publisher=Oregon Public Broadcasting|agency=Associated press|access-date=January 16, 2018|date=January 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117131231/https://www.opb.org/news/article/john-spellman-washington-governor-obit-death/|archive-date=January 17, 2018|url-status=dead}} Spellman again ran for governor in 1980, narrowly defeating representative Duane Berentson in the primary.{{cite news |last1=Larsen |first1=Richard W. |last2=Moriwaki |first2=Lee |date=September 18, 1980 |title=From rivals to friends: Berentson stumps for Spellman |page=F1 |work=The Seattle Times}} Jim McDermott was the Democratic nominee, having defeated Ray in the primary, but was defeated by Spellman by a lopsided margin in the general election in a year Republicans made big political gains across the country.

During Spellman's four-year term of office, Washington's economy suffered a serious recession marked by rising unemployment and disappointing tax revenues. The State Legislature was deeply divided over how to address an alarming revenue shortfall, but did agree to an increase in Washington's statewide sales tax rate from 5.5% to 6.5%. Despite campaign promises to oppose new taxes, Spellman pushed for $2.5 billion in new taxes to address funding shortfalls.{{cite news |last=Dietrich |first=Bill |date=January 9, 1983 |title=Will the real John Spellman please stand up? |page=C2 |work=The Seattle Times}}

One of Spellman's memorable policy stands was his strong commitment to environmental protection.{{cite news|last=Pemberton|first=Lisa|url=http://www.thenewstribune.com/news/politics-government/article194881614.html|title=Washington state governor John Spellman dies at 91|work=The News Tribune|date=January 16, 2018|access-date=January 16, 2018}} Against pressure from business groups and many legislators, he vetoed a bill permitting for an environmentally-risky development project by Chicago Bridge & Iron in a sensitive shoreline area of Whatcom County. The veto was overridden by a vote of the state senate.{{cite news |date=April 9, 1982 |title=Senate votes to override oil-rig veto |page=D2 |work=The Seattle Times}} He successfully blocked a proposed oil pipeline that would have crossed under the Puget Sound over potential endangerment of the waterway's ecology and refused to back down amidst public support of the project.{{cite news |last=Pryne |first=Eric |date=March 28, 1982 |title=Spellman refuses too read 7,500 letters on Northern Tier |page=C4 |work=The Seattle Times}}{{cite news |date=April 21, 1983 |title=Northern Tier kills plan for 1,500-mile pipeline |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/04/21/business/northern-tier-kills-plan-for-1500-mile-pipeline.html |work=The New York Times |agency=Associated Press |access-date=January 16, 2018}}

In September 1983, upon the death of United States Senate member Henry M. Jackson, Spellman appointed former Republican governor, Daniel J. Evans, who was the second president of Evergreen State College, to fill the vacant seat. While the Democratic party protested the appointment of a Republican to fill the seat vacated by a Democrat, Spellman's appointment was considered lawful under the then-current statutes. As state law required an immediate primary and general election for the remaining U.S. Senate seat term, a primary election was held just three weeks after Evans' interim appointment.{{cite news |last1=Larsen |first1=Richard |last2=Clever |first2=Dick |date=September 8, 1983 |title=Evans to replace Jackson in Senate |page=A16 |work=The Seattle Times}}{{cite news |date=October 13, 1983 |title=Also rans also had very few votes in Senate primary |page=B20 |work=The Seattle Times}}

In 1984, Spellman ran for a second term of office. After a Democratic primary between then-State Senator Jim McDermott, former state Representative John Jovanovich, and then-Pierce County Executive Booth Gardner, Spellman faced a difficult battle in the general election against Democratic nominee Gardner. In the November 1984 general election, Spellman was defeated by Booth Gardner, and no Republican has served as governor of Washington since.{{cite news |last=La Corte |first=Rachel |date=January 16, 2018 |title=John Spellman, last Republican elected Washington governor, dead at age 91 |url=http://www.kitsapsun.com/story/news/local/2018/01/16/john-spellman-last-republican-elected-washington-governor-dead-age-91/1037492001/ |work=Kitsap Sun |agency=Associated Press |access-date=January 16, 2018}}

Post-governorship career

After leaving office in January 1985, Spellman returned to private law practice. In 1990 he ran for election as a justice of the Washington Supreme Court against Richard P. Guy, but was not elected.{{cite news|last1=Connelly|first1=Joel|title=Washington voters: No retreads, Seattle mayors|url=http://blog.seattlepi.com/seattlepolitics/2012/08/08/washington-voters-no-retreads-seattle-mayors/|access-date=June 7, 2017|work=Seattle Post Intelligencer|date=August 8, 2012|archive-date=November 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129152543/https://blog.seattlepi.com/seattlepolitics/2012/08/08/washington-voters-no-retreads-seattle-mayors/|url-status=dead}} Spellman was a partner at the Seattle-based law firm, Carney Badley Spellman.

Spellman was awarded the James R. Ellis Regional Leadership Award from the Municipal League of King County in 2006.{{cite web|url=http://www.munileague.org/civic-awards/past-awardees/|title=Past Awardees|publisher=Municipal League of King County|access-date=January 16, 2018}}

Death

Spellman suffered a fall on December 27, 2017, which resulted in a broken hip. He was admitted to Virginia Mason Medical Center in Seattle for treatment and died of pneumonia on the morning of January 16, 2018, at the age of 91.{{cite news|last1=Broom|first1=Jack|last2=Brunner|first2=Jim|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/former-washington-governor-king-county-executive-john-spellman-dies/|title=Former Washington governor, King County executive John Spellman dies|work=The Seattle Times|date=January 16, 2018|access-date=January 16, 2018}}{{cite news|last=La Corte |first=Rachel|url=https://www.columbian.com/news/2018/jan/16/former-washington-gov-john-spellman-dies-at-age-91/|title=Former Washington Governor John Spellman Dies at 91|work=The Columbian|agency=Associated Press|access-date=January 16, 2018|date=January 16, 2018}}