John Thompson Whitaker
{{short description|American journalist}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = John T. Whitaker
| image = John T. Whitaker OSS.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Whitaker, {{circa|1942-1945}}
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1906|01|25}}
| birth_place = Chattanooga, Tennessee, U.S.
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1946|09|11|1906|01|25}}
| death_place = Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D.C., U.S.
| occupation = Writer and journalist
| spouse =
| website =
| imagesize =
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}}
John Thompson Whitaker (January 25, 1906 – September 11, 1946) was an American writer and journalist who served as a correspondent for several prominent newspapers in different parts of the world.
Training and early life
He was trained as a journalist at the University of the South, in Sewanee, Tennessee, and began his career as a reporter at the Chattanooga News. He joined after the New York Herald Tribune, where he was sent as a correspondent to Geneva (Switzerland) from 1931 to 1935, to report on the League of Nations. He had a brother named Spires Whitaker who worked as a doctor for the army during World War II.Historical Dictionary of War Journalism, Mitchel P. Roth and James Stuart Olson, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1997, pp. 341, {{ISBN|0-313-29171-3}}.
War correspondent
In early 1936, he covered the Second Italo-Abyssinian War for CBS, accompanying the Italian troops. The government of Benito Mussolini awarded him the Croce di Guerra ("War Cross") for his reporting on the Italian conquest of Ethiopia.{{cite news|title=Nothing Personal|publisher=Time|date=March 10, 1941
|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,790031,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100624071122/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,790031,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 24, 2010}}
Shortly after he was assigned by his newspaper to Spain. He entered the country around September 10, 1936.[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/17/opinion/17iht-oldsept17.html Reporters arrested in Spain], [in:] The New York Times 16.09.1936 Six years later he would claim he had interviewed General Yagüe, who allegedly had declared having shot 4,000 Republicans in Badajoz;Whitaker published articles in The New York Harald Tribune of September 17, 19 and 25, but with no mention of alleged Yagüe's statement. He first made this claim in 1942, see John T. Whitaker, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20029208?read-now=1&seq=1 Prelude to World War. A Witness from Spain], [in:] Foreign Affairs 21/1 (1942), p. 106 until today this statement is quoted as proof that the Badajoz massacre indeed took place. He also claimed to have interviewed Mohamed Mizzian, a Moorish general of the Nationalists, and reported on Mizzian giving two captured teenage girls, one found with a trade-union card, to some forty of his troops for mass rape near Navalcarnero. Whitaker described how Mizzian "smirked when I remonstrated with him. 'Oh, they'll not live more than four hours,' he said."{{cite book |last1=Beevor |first1=Antony |title=The Battle for Spain |date=2006 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |isbn=978-0-7538-2165-7 |page=102}}{{cite book |last1=Tremlett |first1=Giles |title=The International Brigades |date=2020 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-1-4088-5398-6 |page=99}}
He moved back to Europe in mid-1939, in connection with World War II, working for the Chicago Daily News and the New York Post. He moved to Rome, from where he reported the war and the activities of the National Fascist Party. As a convinced democrat, his articles criticized the atrocities of the regimes of Mussolini and Hitler. This made the fascist regime uncomfortable, and in 1941 he was ordered to leave Italy.
At the time of his expulsion from Mussolini's Italy, Time reported that Whitaker's dispatches were "displeasing" to the government. The Italian government was reluctant to formally expel the reporter on whom they had bestowed the Italian War Cross five years earlier, and officials told Whitaker they had "nothing personal" against him and advised him, "You are not expelled, but you must leave." Whitaker reportedly insisted on being formally expelled.
Books
- Fear came on Europe. Hamish Hamilton, London, 1937.[http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/2448636?lookfor=author Fear came on Europe] in National Library of Australia.
- Americas to the South. The MacMillan Company, New York, 1939.[https://www.questia.com/read/641747?title=Americas%20to%20the%20South Americas to the South]{{dead link|date=July 2021}}{{ISBN?}}
- Prelude to World War. A witness from Spain. Foreign Affairs, Vol. 21, n.° 1, October 1942.
- We cannot escape history. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1943.[https://books.google.com/books?id=Jk9-AAAAMAAJ We cannot escape history] in Google Books.
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20081205122557/http://cvc.cervantes.es/actcult/corresponsales/ppreston.htm Centro Virtual Cervantes]: Los reporteros de guerra, por Paul Preston. {{in lang|es}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Whitaker, John Thompson}}
Category:American anti-fascists
Category:American male journalists
Category:American people of the Spanish Civil War
Category:American war correspondents
Category:Journalists from Tennessee
Category:Writers from Chattanooga, Tennessee
Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers
Category:People of the Office of Strategic Services
Category:New York Herald Tribune people
Category:20th-century American journalists
Category:20th-century American male writers
Category:People deported from Italy