Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group

{{Short description|Standard organisation for image formats}}

File:Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group logo.svg)]]

The Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group (JBIG) was a group of experts nominated by national standards bodies and major companies to work to produce standards for bi-level image coding. The "joint" refers to its status as a committee working on both ISO and ITU-T standards. It was one of two sub-groups of ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 29, Working Group 1 (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1), whose official title is Coding of still pictures.{{cite web |url=http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/29w12901.htm |title=ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1 - Coding of Still Pictures (SC 29/WG 1 Structure) |author=ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 |date=2009-05-07 |accessdate=2009-11-11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231055215/http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/29w12901.htm |archivedate=2013-12-31 }}{{cite web|url=http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/29w42901.htm |title=Programme of Work, (Allocated to SC 29/WG 1) |author=ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 |accessdate=2009-11-07 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231012300/http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/29w42901.htm |archivedate=2013-12-31 }}{{cite web |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/standards_development/technical_committees/list_of_iso_technical_committees/iso_technical_committee.htm?commid=45316 |title=JTC 1/SC 29 - Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information |author=ISO |accessdate=2009-11-11}}

The Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group created the JBIG and JBIG2 standards.{{cite web |url=http://www.jpeg.org/committee.html |title=About our committee |author=JPEG, JBIG |date=2007 |accessdate=2009-11-11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091017140418/http://www.jpeg.org/committee.html |archivedate=2009-10-17 }} The group often meets jointly with the JPEG committee, which typically meets three times annually.{{cite web |url=http://www.jpeg.org/working.html |title=How does JPEG work? |author=JPEG |accessdate=2009-11-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612204715/http://jpeg.org/working.html |archivedate=2010-06-12 }}

ISO/IEC JTC1 SC29 Working Group 1 (working together with ITU-T Study Group 16 – VCEG{{cite web |url=http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com16/sg16-q6.html |title=ITU-T Home : Study Groups : Study Group 16 - Question 6/16 – Visual coding |accessdate=2010-03-07}} and previously also with Study Group 8 – SG8{{citation|url=http://www.jpeg.org/public/fcd14492.pdf |format=PDF |title=ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1 (ITU-T SG8) - 14492 FCD |date=1999-07-16 |author=JBIG Committee |publisher=jpeg.org |accessdate=2010-03-07 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612211025/http://jpeg.org/public/fcd14492.pdf |archivedate=2010-06-12 }}{{citation |url=http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/1997-2000/com08/questions-sg8.doc |format=DOC |title=ITU-T Study Group 8 List of Questions under Study (Study Period 1997 - 2000) |author=ITU-T |accessdate=2010-03-07}}{{cite web |url=http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/1997-2000/com08/index.html |title=ITU-T Study Group 8 (Study Period 1997-2000) |author=ITU-T |accessdate=2010-03-07}}) is responsible for both JPEG and JBIG standards.{{cite web | url=http://www.jpeg.org/jbig/index.html | title=Joint Photographic Experts Group, JBIG Homepage | author=JPEG | accessdate=2009-11-08}} It included two sub-groups: the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG SG) and the Joint Bi-level Image experts Group (JBIG SG). After completing the 2019 edition of the JBIG2 standard, the JBIG subgroup was closed and its maintenance responsibilities were assigned to the general JPEG group.

In the mid-1980s, both CCITT (now ITU-T) and ISO had standardization groups for image coding: CCITT Study Group (SG) VIII (Telematic Services) and ISO TC97 SC2 WG8 (Coding of Audio and Picture Information).{{cite web|url=http://ride.chiariglione.org/faultline.htm |title=Riding the Media Bits, The Faultline |author=chiariglione.org |date=2009-09-06 |accessdate=2010-02-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122013656/http://ride.chiariglione.org/faultline.htm |archivedate=2011-01-22 }} They were historically targeted on image communication. In 1986, it was decided to create the Joint (CCITT/ISO) Photographic Expert Group. In 1988, it was decided to create the Joint (CCITT/ISO) Bi-level Image Group – JBIG.{{citation |url=http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/worksem/vica/docs/presentations/S4_P1_Sebestyen.pdf |format=PDF |title=The First Joint ITU ISO/IEC StillImage Compression Standards |author=ITU-T |page=3 |date=2005-07-21 |accessdate=2009-11-12}}