Jordanian dinar
{{Short description|Currency of Jordan}}
{{Infobox currency
| local_name1 = {{Script/Arabic|دينار أردني}}
| local_name_lang1 = ar
| image_1 = Jordanian currency.jpg
| image_title_1 = Fifth edition Jordanian bank notes and coins
| iso_code = JOD
| date_of_introduction = 1949
| using_countries = {{JOR}}
| unofficial_users = {{flag|West Bank}}
| inflation_rate = 1.35%
| inflation_source_date = [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jordan/#economy The World Factbook], 2021 est.
| replaced_currency = Palestine pound
| pegged_with = US dollar{{cite web|title=Exchange rates of major foreign currencies announced by CBJ|url=http://www.cbj.gov.jo/uploads/23.xls|access-date=14 June 2016}}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{US$}} = {{currency|0.708 |JOD}} (buy)
{{US$}} = {{currency|0.710 |JOD}} (sell)
| subunit_ratio_1 = {{frac|1|10}}
| subunit_name_1 = dirham
| subunit_ratio_2 = {{frac|1|100}}
| subunit_name_2 = qirsh or piastre
| subunit_ratio_3 = {{frac|1|1000}}
| subunit_name_3 = fils
| symbol = {{Script/Arabic|د.أ}}
| used_coins = 1, 5, 10 piastres/qirsh, {{frac|1|4}}, {{frac|1|2}} dinar
| used_banknotes = 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 dinars
| issuing_authority = Central Bank of Jordan
| issuing_authority_website = {{URL|www.cbj.gov.jo}}
}}
The Jordanian dinar ({{langx|ar|{{Script/Arabic|دينار أردني}}}}; code: JOD; unofficially abbreviated as JD) has been the currency of Jordan since 1950. The dinar is divided into 100 qirsh (also called piastres) or 1000 fulus. Fils are effectively obsolete; however, monetary amounts are still written to three decimal places representing fils. It is pegged to the US dollar.
The Central Bank of Jordan commenced operations in 1964 and became the sole issuer of Jordanian currency, in place of the Jordan Currency Board.
The Jordanian dinar is also widely used in the West Bank alongside the Israeli shekel.{{Cite news| issn = 0190-8286| last = Zacharia| first = Janine| title = Palestinian officials think about replacing Israeli shekel with Palestine pound| newspaper = The Washington Post| access-date = 2018-08-22| date = 2010-05-31| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/29/AR2010052903131.html}}{{Cite book| publisher = Routledge| isbn = 9780415327619 |editor=David Cobham | last = Cobham| first = David| title = The Economics of Palestine: Economic Policy and Institutional Reform for a Viable Palestine State| chapter = Alternative currency arrangements for a new Palestinian state| location = London| date = 2004-09-15 |url=http://fmwww.bc.edu/repec/mmfc04/13.pdf| access-date = 2018-08-22}}
History
{{For|a wider history surrounding currency in the region|British currency in the Middle East}}
In 1927, the British administration of the Palestinian Mandate established the Palestine Currency Board which issued the Palestine pound which was the official currency in both Mandatory Palestine and the Emirate of Transjordan. Though Jordan became an independent kingdom on 25 May 1946, it continued to use the Palestinian pound for a while. In 1949, it passed the Provisional Act No. 35 of 1949, which established the Jordan Currency Board as the sole authority in the kingdom entitled to issue Jordanian currency, called the Jordanian dinar. The Board was based in London and consisted of a president and four members, and began issuing Jordanian dinars in 1949 and was exchangeable for Palestinian pounds at parity.
After Jordanian rule of the West Bank in April 1950, the dinar replaced the Palestinian pound. On 1 July 1950, the Jordanian dinar became the kingdom's official currency and legal tender. The use of the Palestine pound ceased in the country on 30 September 1950. The Central Bank of Jordan was established in 1959 and took over note production in 1964. In 1967, Jordan lost control of the West Bank, but the Jordanian dinar continued to be used there. It continues to be widely used in the West Bank alongside the Israeli shekel.
In 1988 and 1989, the dinar depreciated substantially due to mounting foreign debts in the kingdom. During that time, there were protests across the country.
Coins
Coins were introduced in 1949 in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 fils. The first issue of 1 fils were mistakenly minted with the denomination given as "1 fil". 20 fils coins were minted until 1965, with 25 fils introduced in 1968 and {{frac|1|4}} dinar coins in 1970. The 1 fils coin was last minted in 1985. In 1996, smaller {{frac|1|4}} dinar coins were introduced alongside {{frac|1|2}} and 1 dinar coins.
Until 1992, coins were denominated in Arabic using fils, qirsh, dirham and dinar but in English only in fils and dinar. Since 1992, the fils and dirham are no longer used in the Arabic and the English denominations are given in dinar and either qirsh or piastres.
class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; font-size:90%; border-width:1px;" |
colspan="13"| Fifth issue (2000) |
---|
colspan=2 | Image
! rowspan=2 | Value ! rowspan=2 | Diameter ! rowspan=2 | Mass ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Composition ! rowspan=2 | Edge ! rowspan=2 | Obverse ! rowspan=2 | Reverse ! rowspan=2 | Issue ! rowspan=2 | Other terms |
Obverse
! Reverse |
80px
| 80px | 1 qirsh | align=center | 25.00 | align=center | 5.50 | style="background-color:#e0954f;"| | Plain | rowspan=6 | Abdullah II bin al-Hussein | rowspan=6 | Lettering: | 2000 | |
80px
| 80px | 5 piastres | align=center | 26.00 | align=center | 5.00 | style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"| | Milled | 2000 | 50 fils |
80px
| 80px | 10 piastres | align=center | 28.00 | align=center | 8.00 | style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"| | Milled | 2000 | 100 fils |
80px
| 80px | {{frac|1|4}} dinar | align=center | 26.50 | align=center | 7.40 | style="background-color:#ffe550;"| | Brass | Plain | 2004 | Rub'a{{efn|rub'a is Arabic for "piece of four" or "quarter".}} |
rowspan=2 | 80px
| rowspan=2 | 80px | rowspan=2 | {{frac|1|2}} dinar | rowspan=2 align=center | 29.00 | rowspan=2 align=center | 9.60 | style="background-color:#ffe550;"| | Outer: Aluminium bronze | rowspan=2 | Plain | rowspan=2 | 2000 | rowspan=2 | Nusf{{efn|nusf is Arabic for "piece of two" or "half".}} |
style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"|
| Inner: Cupronickel |
{{notelist}}
Banknotes
The Central Bank of Jordan is the sole authority to issue Jordanian banknotes since its establishment in 1964. It released into circulation its first series of Jordanian notes on August 4, 1965. From 1949 to 1965, currency issue was entrusted in the Jordan Currency Board. Before 1949, the Palestinian pound was used.{{Cite web |title=Banknotes - the Central Bank of Jordan |url=https://www.cbj.gov.jo/Pages/viewpage.aspx?pageID=219 |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=www.cbj.gov.jo}}
In 1949, banknotes were issued by the Jordan Currency Board in denominations of {{frac|1|2}}, 1, 5, 10 and 50 dinars. They bore the country's official name, "The Hashemite Kingdom of the Jordan".{{cite book |last1=Linzmayer |first1=Owen |url=http://www.banknotebook.com |title=The Banknote Book |publisher=www.BanknoteNews.com |year=2012 |location=San Francisco, CA |chapter=Jordan}} 20 dinar notes were introduced in 1977. The 50 dinar note was redesigned and the {{frac|1|2}} dinar notes were replaced by coins in 1999.
=Issues by the Jordan Currency Board=
==First issue==
class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; font-size:90%; border-width:1px;" |
colspan=10 | First issue (1949–1952){{Cite web |date=2007-10-26 |title=CBJ - |url=http://www.cbj.gov.jo/arabic/pages.php?local_type=26&category=7&subcategory=8 |access-date=2023-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026202957/http://www.cbj.gov.jo/arabic/pages.php?local_type=26&category=7&subcategory=8 |archive-date=2007-10-26 }} |
---|
colspan=2 | Image
! rowspan=2 | Value ! rowspan=2 | Dimensions ! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | Main colour ! colspan=2 | Description ! rowspan=2 | Issue |
Obverse
! Reverse ! Obverse ! Reverse |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 75px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 75px | 500 fils | style="background:#860D86;"| | Purple | Wadi Al Arab irrigation project | rowspan="5" |1949 (Gregorian) 1368 (Hijri) |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 85px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 85px | 1 dinar | style="background:#0D860D;"| | Green | rowspan="4" | Abdullah I bin al-Hussein | Oval Plaza, Jerash |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 90px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 90px | 5 dinars | style="background:#B30000;"| | Red | rowspan="2" | Al-Khazneh |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 102px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 102px | 10 dinars | style="background:#015494;"| | Blue |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 105px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 105px | 50 dinars | style="background:#A0522D;"| | Brown | Aqaba |
==Second issue==
class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; font-size:90%; border-width:1px;" |
colspan=10 | Second issue (1952–1965){{Cite web |date=2007-10-23 |title=CBJ - |url=http://www.cbj.gov.jo/arabic/pages.php?local_type=26&category=7&subcategory=9 |access-date=2023-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023091628/http://www.cbj.gov.jo/arabic/pages.php?local_type=26&category=7&subcategory=9 |archive-date=2007-10-23 }} |
---|
colspan=2 | Image
! rowspan=2 | Value ! rowspan=2 | Dimensions ! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | Main colour ! colspan=2 | Description ! rowspan=2 | Issue |
Obverse
! Reverse ! Obverse ! Reverse |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 75px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 75px | 500 fils | style="background:#860D86;"| | Purple | Wadi Al Arab irrigation project | rowspan="4" |1952 (Gregorian) 1371 (Hijri) |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 85px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 85px | 1 dinar | style="background:#0D860D;"| | Green | rowspan="3" | Hussein bin Talal | Oval Plaza, Jerash |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 90px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 90px | 5 dinars | style="background:#B30000;"| | Red | rowspan="2" | Al-Khazneh |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 102px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 102px | 10 dinars | style="background:#015494;"| | Blue |
= Issues by the Central Bank of Jordan =
==First issue==
class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; font-size:90%; border-width:1px;" |
colspan=10 | First issue (1965–1975){{Cite web |date=2007-10-30 |title=CBJ - |url=http://www.cbj.gov.jo/arabic/pages.php?local_type=26&category=7&subcategory=10 |access-date=2023-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030025150/http://www.cbj.gov.jo/arabic/pages.php?local_type=26&category=7&subcategory=10 |archive-date=2007-10-30 }} |
---|
colspan=2 | Image
! rowspan=2 | Value ! rowspan=2 | Dimensions ! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | Main colour ! colspan=2 | Description ! rowspan=2 | Issue |
Obverse
! Reverse ! Obverse ! Reverse |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 80px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 80px | {{fraction|1|2}} dinar | style="background:#A0522D;"| | Brown | rowspan="4" |Hussein bin Talal | Oval Forum, Jerash |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 85px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 85px | 1 dinar | style="background:#0D860D;"| | Green |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 95px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 95px | 5 dinars | style="background:#B30000;"| | Red |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 100px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 100px | 10 dinars | style="background:#015494;"| | Blue |
==Second issue==
class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; font-size:90%; border-width:1px;" |
colspan=10 | Second issue (1975-1992){{Cite web |date=2007-10-23 |title=CBJ - |url=http://www.cbj.gov.jo/arabic/pages.php?local_type=26&category=7&subcategory=11 |access-date=2023-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023091027/http://www.cbj.gov.jo/arabic/pages.php?local_type=26&category=7&subcategory=11 |archive-date=2007-10-23 }} |
---|
rowspan=2 | Image
! rowspan=2 | Value ! rowspan=2 | Dimensions ! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | Main colour ! colspan=2 | Description ! rowspan=2 | Issue |
Obverse
! Reverse |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 80px
|{{fraction|1|2}} dinar | style="background:#A0522D;"| | Brown | rowspan=6 | Hussein bin Talal | Oval Forum, Jerash |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 80px
| 1 dinar | style="background:#0D860D;"| | Green |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 80px
| 5 dinars | style="background:#B30000;"| | Red | Petra |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 80px
| 10 dinars | style="background:#015494;"| | Blue | Cultural Palace, Al-Hussein Youth Sports City; |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 80px
| rowspan=2 | 20 dinars | align=center rowspan=2 | 168 × 84 | style="background:#808000;"| | rowspan=2 | Al-Hussein Thermal Power Station, Zarqa; |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 80px
| style="background:#008080;"| | Blue green |
==Third issue==
class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; font-size:90%; border-width:1px;" |
colspan=10 | Third issue (1992-2002) |
---|
rowspan=2 | Image
! rowspan=2 | Value ! rowspan=2 | Dimensions ! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | Main colour ! colspan=2 | Description ! rowspan=2 | Issue |
Obverse
! Reverse |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 100px
| {{fraction|1|2}} dinar | style="background:#A0522D;"| | Brown | rowspan="5" | Hussein bin Talal | rowspan="2" | 1 August 1992{{Cite web |date=2007-10-26 |title=CBJ - |url=http://www.cbj.gov.jo/arabic/template.php?local_type=26&gallery_id=57&local_details=1 |access-date=2023-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026203426/http://www.cbj.gov.jo/arabic/template.php?local_type=26&gallery_id=57&local_details=1 |archive-date=2007-10-26 }} |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 100px
| 1 dinar | style="background:#0D860D;"| | Green | The [https://universes.art/en/art-destinations/jordan/jerash/cardo-decumanus Cardo], Jerash |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 100px
| 5 dinar | style="background:#B30000;"| | Red | rowspan="2" | 1 October 1992{{Cite web |date=2007-10-26 |title=CBJ - |url=http://www.cbj.gov.jo/arabic/template.php?local_type=26&gallery_id=55&local_details=1 |access-date=2023-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026203352/http://www.cbj.gov.jo/arabic/template.php?local_type=26&gallery_id=55&local_details=1 |archive-date=2007-10-26 }} |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 100px
| 10 dinar | style="background:#015494;"| | Blue |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 100px
| 20 dinar | style="background:#808000;"| | Olive green |
==Fourth issue==
class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; font-size:90%; border-width:1px;" |
colspan=10 | Fourth issue (2002-2022){{cite web |title=Central Bank of Jordan - Museum |url=http://www.cbj.gov.jo/pages.php?local_type=26&category=7&subcategory=29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050311101828/http://www.cbj.gov.jo/pages.php?local_type=26&category=7&subcategory=29 |archive-date=2005-03-11 |access-date=2005-09-11}} |
---|
colspan=2 | Image
! rowspan=2 | Value ! rowspan=2 | Dimensions ! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | Main colour ! colspan=2 | Description ! rowspan=2 | First ! rowspan=2 | Issue |
Obverse
! Reverse ! Obverse ! Reverse |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 80px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 80px | 1 dinar | style="background:#0D860D;"| | Green | Hussein bin Ali; | Great Arab Revolt; | rowspan="5" | 2002 |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 85px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 85px | 5 dinars | style="background:#B37300;"| | Orange | Abdullah I bin al-Hussein; | Ma’an Palace; | rowspan="2" | 22 December 2002{{Cite web |date=2007-10-23 |title=CBJ - |url=http://www.cbj.gov.jo/arabic/template.php?local_type=26&gallery_id=62&local_details=1 |access-date=2023-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023092209/http://www.cbj.gov.jo/arabic/template.php?local_type=26&gallery_id=62&local_details=1 |archive-date=2007-10-23 }} |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 90px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 90px | 10 dinars | style="background:#015494;"| | Blue | Talal bin Abdullah; | First Jordanian parliament; Wadi Rum; |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 95px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 95px | 20 dinars | style="background:#00B3B3;"| | Cyan | Hussein bin Talal; | rowspan="2" | 2 February 2003{{Cite web |date=2007-10-26 |title=CBJ - |url=http://www.cbj.gov.jo/arabic/template.php?local_type=26&gallery_id=60&local_details=1 |access-date=2023-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026202919/http://www.cbj.gov.jo/arabic/template.php?local_type=26&gallery_id=60&local_details=1 |archive-date=2007-10-26 }} |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 100px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 100px | 50 dinars | style="background:#A45953;"| | Brownish | Raghadan Palace; |
==Fifth issue==
class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; font-size:90%; border-width:1px;" |
colspan=10 | Fifth issue (2022){{Cite web |title=
The Fifth Edition of The Central Bank of Jordan|url=https://www.cbj.gov.jo/en/Pages/CustomVideoGallery|access-date=2025-03-26 |website=www.cbj.gov.jo}} |
---|
colspan=2 | Image
! rowspan=2 | Value ! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | Main colour ! colspan=2 | Description ! rowspan=2 | First ! rowspan=2 | Issue |
Obverse
! Reverse ! Obverse ! Reverse |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 80px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 80px | 1 dinar | align=center | 133 × 74 | style="background:#0D860D;"| | Green | Hussein bin Ali; | Mountains of Wadi Rum; | rowspan="5" |2022 | 26 December 2022 |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 85px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 85px | 5 dinars | align=center | 137 × 74 | style="background:#B30000;"| | Red | Abdullah I bin al-Hussein; | Treasury, Petra | 16 August 2023 |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 90px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 90px | 10 dinars | align=center | 141 × 74 | style="background:#015494;"| | Blue | Talal bin Abdullah; | 26 July 2023 |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 95px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 95px | 20 dinars | align=center | 145 × 74 | style="background:#00B3B3;"| | Cyan | Hussein bin Talal; | 21 March 2023 |
style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 100px
| style="background:#000; text-align:center;"| 100px | 50 dinars | align=center | 149 × 74 | style="background:#860D86;"| | Purple | Abdullah II bin al-Hussein; | Wadi Rum | 5 February 2023 |
Fixed exchange rate
Since October 23, 1995, the dinar has officially been pegged to the IMF's special drawing rights (SDRs), while in practice it was fixed at 1 U.S. dollar = 0.709 dinar most of the time, which is approximately 1 dinar = 1.41044 dollars.[http://www.pmu.gov.jo/FinanceExcahngeratefulc.htm Exchange Rate Fluctuations, Programme Management Unit] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040719135641/http://www.pmu.gov.jo/FinanceExcahngeratefulc.htm |date=2004-07-19 }}[http://users.erols.com/kurrency/asia.htm Tables of modern monetary history: Asia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070219231722/http://users.erols.com/kurrency/asia.htm |date=2007-02-19 }} The Central Bank buys U.S. dollars at 0.708 dinar per dollar, and sells U.S. dollars at 0.710 dinar per dollar.[http://www.jftp.gov.jo/Docs/JOR2R3-Domestic%20support.pdf Report of the Working Party on the Accession of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan to the World Trade Organization] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625223658/http://www.jftp.gov.jo/Docs/JOR2R3-Domestic%20support.pdf |date=2008-06-25 }}
{{Exchange rate|JOD|ILS|EUR|JPY|USD}}
A sample exchange rate of Jordanian dinars to US dollars:
class="wikitable" | |
Year || US Dollar = | |
---|---|
1980 | 0.29 dinar |
1985 | 0.39 dinar |
1990 | 0.66 dinar |
1995 | 0.70 dinar |
2020 | 0.71 dinar |
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.JordanCoins.com/ Coins of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan]
- [http://www.JordanCurrency.com/ Banknotes of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129013610/http://www.jordancurrency.com/ |date=2020-11-29 }}
- [http://www.bis-ans-ende-der-welt.net/Jordanien-B-En.htm The banknotes of Jordan] {{in lang|en|de}}
{{Dinar}}
{{Currencies of Asia}}
{{Portal bar|Asia|Jordan|Money|Numismatics}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jordanian Dinar}}
Category:Currencies introduced in 1949