Jorge Arrate

He is the son of a former navy officer, and municipal employee Juan Gabriel Arrate Ducoing and Ines Mac-Niven Seymour. He spent his early years in the Santiago neighborhood of Plaza Brasil. He later moved to Viña del Mar (1945–1953) and then to Puente Alto (until 1965).La Tercera (Santiago), August 10 of 2003, Reportajes, p.18

He attended basic education in the Saint Paul School and the Mackay School of Viña del Mar.El Mercurio (Santiago), March 14 of 1999, p.D22 He attended secondary studies at the Instituto Nacional of Santiago de Chile.

He entered law school at the University of Chile in 1958 and graduated in 1964. The following year he began postgraduate studies in Economic Development at the School of Latin American Economic Studies of the University of Chile. Between 1967 and 1969, he received a scholarship in the United States to pursue a PhD in Economics at Harvard.Qué Pasa (Santiago), December 24 of 2005, p.14 He obtained the degree of Master of Arts in economics. He returned home to the Institute of Economics of the University of Chile to wrote his doctoral thesis, which he never completed.

Between 1973 and 1987 he was exiled in Rome, Rotterdam and East Berlin. During the first two years of his exile he was executive secretary of Chile Democratico, coordinator of anti-dictatorship activities in the country.El Mercurio (Santiago), November 5 of 1995, p.D2 During his exile he was secretary of the Committee of Chileans Abroad.{{cite web|url=http://diario.elmercurio.com/detalle/index.asp?id=38089F35-39C9-4076-9248-FF6F89FC4E5E.htm?id={38089F35-39C9-4076-9248-FF6F89FC4E5E}|title=El Mercurio.com|publisher=|accessdate=19 March 2016}}

He was married for the third time with writer Diamela Eltit. He has two children from his first marriage with attorney Ana Maria Fernandez. His second spouse was the psychologist Maria Soledad Larraín Heiremans.http://especiales.cooperativa.cl/temas/site/artic/20090923/pags/20090923160017.php {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712032258/http://especiales.cooperativa.cl/temas/site/artic/20090923/pags/20090923160017.php |date=2015-07-12 }} Arrate en especiales de Cooperativa

At the end of 1970 president Salvador Allende commissioned him for the purchase of the Zig-Zag Editorial Group and the management of the firm that replaced it, Quimantú Editors.Cosas (Santiago), August 28 of 1998, p.20 Later in 1971 he was designated as an economic advisor, and subsequently as chief executive officer of the Cuper Corporation (Codelco), where he was responsible for the nationalization of mineral deposits.Asumió el cargo el October 20, 1971. In June and July 1972 he served at the same time, on an interim basis, as Minister of Mining.

After the restoration of democracy in Chile, he served as Minister of Education (1992–1994) in the government of Patricio Aylwin. Later served as Minister of Labor and Social Forecast (1994–1998) and Minister Secretariat of Government (1998–1999) during the admnistración of Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle.Cosas (Santiago), May 20, 1999, p.38 Between 2000 and 2003, he served as ambassador in Argentina during the administration of Ricardo Lagos.Estrategia (Santiago), June 12, 2000, p.34

Arrate held teaching university functions since 1966, first at the Faculty of Law of the University of Chile, then at the School of Sociology of the Catholic University and the Faculty of Economics of the University of Chile. In 1970 he served as director of the Institute of Economy and Planning of the said university.

In 1977, he founded the Institute for the New Chile-based in Rotterdam, with the former minister of Allende, Orlando Letelier.Qué Pasa (Santiago), May 16, 1998, p.28 He directed the center, continuously subsidized by the Dutch government of different political orientation from its founding until 1991. He also led the eight International Summer School in Rotterdam, Mendoza, Argentina and Santiago, organized by the institute.

Since 1987 he has been visiting professor at the National University of Cuyo (Argentina), the University of California, Berkeley twice, and the University of Virginia.

In 1992, Arrate was the first director of the School of Public Administration at the University of Santiago. from 2003 to 2006, he chaired the ARCIS University Corporation (Chile). In 2008 he was a professor at the University of Talca.

Jorge Arrate started his political career in 1957, serving secretary-general of the Federation of Secondary Students of Santiago.

In 1961 he was president of the Center of Students of the School of Law of the University of Chile and in 1963 he ran for the presidency of the Student Federation of Chile, with the support of the Communist and Socialist parties. In 1963 he joined the Socialist Party of Chile and in early 1971 he was appointed by the Central Committee of the Socialist Party as leader of the Socialist Professionals and Technicians.

During his first two years of exile, he was the executive secretary of the group "Chilean Left Abroad" and "Chile Democratic" and international office coordinator of solidarity with the Chilean democracy, based in Rome. Between 1975 and 1977 he was the secretary of International Relations of the Socialist Party of Chile, headquartered in East Berlin. He was a member of the Central Committee for the first time in 1978 and continued as a member of that body for twenty years.

In 1984, he tried to enter Chile against the will of the military regime three times and was rejected at the airport of Santiago and sent to Buenos Aires and Bogota. In 1987 he managed to legally enter the country and join local political work. On his return he assumed the task entrusted by the Socialist leadership headed by Ricardo Nunez, of promoting socialist reunification with the sector led by Clodomiro Almeyda.El Mercurio (Santiago), April 13, of 1994, p.C5 In 1989 he was elected in the first election by universal suffrage by a political party in Chile, as general secretary (at that time head of the organization) of the Socialist Party of Chile.

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File:Jorge Arrate eleccion 2009.jpg

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As head of his party, he ended its mission in the act of unification held on 29 December 1989. Subsequently, the "Congress of Unity Salvador Allende" held later that year in Valparaiso was designated President Socialist Party of Chile.

When the party still exercised presidency, Arrate was proclaimed by the Socialist Party for mayor of Santiago in the first democratic municipal elections after the military dictatorship,APSI (Santiago), February 24, 1992, p.0-15 in which was elected Jaime Ravinet, his partner in the list by the Christian Democratic Party of Chile.El Mercurio (Santiago), September 27, 1992, p.C3 In 2005, he accepted the nomination as a candidate for senator from the Coquimbo Region, in which the Socialist Party of Chile had not elect anyone to the Senate since 1973. Arrate lost the election, being chosen his running mate Jorge Pizarro and the conservative candidate, Evelyn Matthei.

In 2007, he proposed to end the cycle of the ruling [Concertación], and face a new political cycle with a new coalition. In early 2008 several hundred members of his party asked him to declare his availability for a presidential candidacy with a new political coalition of the political left. Arrate accepted this challenge, focusing its efforts on the "reconstruction of a political project that proposes sweeping political and social changes in Chilean society", change the economic model and put an end to the "democracy exclusive that exists today".La Nación (Santiago), July 13, 2008, p.49La Segunda (Santiago), October 24, 2007, p.15El Mercurio (Santiago), August 26, 2007, p.D15

On January 14 of 2009, he presented his resignation to the Socialist Party of Chile, to addressing the 2009 elections supported by socialist factions outside the coalition government.{{cite web|url=http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=339770|title=Ex ministro Jorge Arrate presenta su renuncia al PS|work=Emol|date=14 January 2009 |accessdate=19 March 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://www.lanacion.cl/prontus_noticias_v2/site/artic/20090115/pags/20090115002019.html|title=Diario La Nación – noticias de Chile y el mundo – Finalmente Arrate dio el paso y abandonó el PS|author=Diario La Nación – Comunicaciones Lanet S.A.|work=La Nación|accessdate=19 March 2016|archive-date=12 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712194314/http://www.lanacion.cl/prontus_noticias_v2/site/artic/20090115/pags/20090115002019.html|url-status=dead}} These officially proclaimed him four days later.{{cite web|url=http://www.lanacion.cl/prontus_noticias_v2/site/artic/20090118/pags/20090118215406.html|title=Diario La Nación – noticias de Chile y el mundo – Arrate es abanderado de los "socialistas-allendistas"|author=Diario La Nación – Comunicaciones Lanet S.A.|work=La Nación|accessdate=19 March 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102330/http://www.lanacion.cl/prontus_noticias_v2/site/artic/20090118/pags/20090118215406.html|url-status=dead}}

Its official proclamation as candidate of the covenant Juntos Podemos took place in a national assembly of the political left on April 25, a day in overtook the leader communist Guillermo Teillier, removed the evening of the election, and Tomás Hirsch Humanist Party candidate.{{cite web|url=http://www.latercera.com/contenido/674_122454_9.shtml|title=Jorge Arrate es proclamado candidato presidencial del Juntos Podemos|author=CODISA, Consorcio Digital S.A.|publisher=|accessdate=19 March 2016|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191900/http://www.latercera.com/contenido/674_122454_9.shtml|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=355300|title=Jorge Arrate es elegido candidato presidencial del Juntos Podemos|work=Emol|date=26 April 2009 |accessdate=19 March 2016}}

In July he lost the support of Humanist Party, who accused him of excessive approach to candidate Concertación, Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle. The Humanist Party of Chile then went on to support the former socialist Marco Enríquez-Ominami.{{Cite web |url=http://www.radio.uchile.cl/notas2.asp?idNota=54077 |title=Radio Universidad de Chile, July 11, 2009 |access-date=July 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114230611/http://radio.uchile.cl/notas2.asp?idNota=54077 |archive-date=January 14, 2012 |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web |url=http://noticias.123.cl/entel123/html/Tele13/Noticias/Chile/382862.html |title=123.cl |access-date=2015-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717025804/http://noticias.123.cl/entel123/html/Tele13/Noticias/Chile/382862.html |archive-date=2009-07-17 |url-status=dead }}[http://www.cooperativa.cl/campana-de-arrate--humanistas-no-supieron-honrar-su-palabra/prontus_nots/2009-07-12/101841.html Radio Cooperativa, July 12, 2009]

Days later, Arrate joins the Communist Party of Chile for the sole purpose of complying with the electoral law.[http://www.cooperativa.cl/pc-valoro-inscripcion-de-arrate-en-el-partido/prontus_nots/2009-07-13/143143.html Radio Cooperativa, July 13, 2009]{{cite web|url=http://www.pcchile.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1632&Itemid=2|title=www.pcchile.cl — Partido Comunista de Chile|publisher=|accessdate=19 March 2016}}

On December 13 in first round Arrate got 6.21% of votes, surpassed by the 20.13% of Marco Enriquez-Ominami,{{cite web|url=http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=363431|title=Enríquez-Ominami y encuesta CEP: "Nuestra candidatura es la única que está creciendo"|work=Emol|date=18 June 2009 |accessdate=19 March 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://diario.elmercurio.cl/detalle/index.asp?id={2d8bb4b8-841c-4604-addc-83801b87eabf}|title=El Mercurio.com|publisher=|accessdate=19 March 2016}} the 29.60% of Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle and 44.05% of the conservative business magnate Sebastián Piñera.

Days later he gave his explicit support to Eduardo Frei facing the ballotage.{{cite web|url=http://www.lanacion.cl/jorge-arrate-y-eduardo-frei-sellaron-pacto/noticias/2009-12-23/014830.html|title=Diario La Nación – noticias de Chile y el mundo – Jorge Arrate y Eduardo Frei sellaron pacto|author=Diario La Nación – Comunicaciones Lanet S.A.|work=La Nación|accessdate=19 March 2016|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180358/http://www.lanacion.cl/jorge-arrate-y-eduardo-frei-sellaron-pacto/noticias/2009-12-23/014830.html|url-status=dead}}

He left the communist militancy in early 2010.Las Últimas Noticias (Santiago), February 2, 2010, p.11

After the presidential election, he joined the board of "The Broad Left Movement", he resigning in the year 2012 due to the approaches of the party leadership with the parties of the old coalition.{{cite web |url= http://radio.uchile.cl/2012/04/19/jorge-arrate-renuncia-a-cargos-directivos-en-el-maiz-por-diferencias-en-pacto-electoral-con-el-ppd-y-prds|title= Jorge Arrate renuncia a cargos directivos en el MAIZ en repudio a pactos con la Concertación|accessdate= October 13, 2013 |date= April 19, 2012|website= Radio U. de Chile}} Away from active politics for 2013 Chilean general election decided not to support any candidate of extra-parliamentary left, otherwise he was to the formation of the covenant New Majority, which replaced the former coalition government.{{cite web|url= http://www.eldinamo.cl/2013/06/10/jorge-arrate-y-apoyo-del-pc-a-bachelet-creo-que-esta-vez-se-equivocaron/|archive-url= https://archive.today/20131013120034/http://www.eldinamo.cl/2013/06/10/jorge-arrate-y-apoyo-del-pc-a-bachelet-creo-que-esta-vez-se-equivocaron/|url-status= dead|archive-date= October 13, 2013|title= Jorge Arrate y apoyo del PC a Bachelet: "Creo que esta vez se equivocaron"|accessdate= October 13, 2013|date= June 10, 2013|website= El Dínamo}}{{cite web |url= http://www.quepasa.cl/articulo/politica/2013/05/19-11739-9-nos-estan-metiendo-el-dedo-en-la-boca-con-la-nueva-mayoria.shtml|title= Nos están metiendo el dedo en la boca con la nueva mayoría|accessdate= October 13, 2013 |date= May 9, 2013|website= Revista Qué Pasa}}

Arrate chaired the Inter-American Conference of Ministers of Culture (La Serena, 1993), the Andres Bello (based Bogota, Colombia, 1993–1994) and American Conference of Ministers of Education (Santiago, 1994).

In 1996 he was elected chairman of the Board of Directors of the International Labour Organization (ILO), a post he held for one year.

In 1995 he was vice president of the Conference of Ministers of Labor Non-Aligned Movement to New Delhi.

He is currently a member of the Whitney R. Harris World Law Institute's International Council.

In addition to his collection of articles, interviews, and speeches, he has published essays and fiction. The most recent (2011) is the story collection "Unas Doradas". In 2010 he received the first prize in the genre "memory writes" delivered by a jury of the National Book Council by the text "Passenger in Transit", a true story of testimony and reports on their attempts to go back to Chile during the military dictatorship.

One of his most famous books is Memoria de la Izquierda Chilena (2003) co-authored with Eduardo Rojas.{{cite book|author1=Jorge Arrate|author2=Eduardo Rojas|title=Memoria de la izquierda chilena: 1850–1970|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZrLaAAAAMAAJ|year=2003|volume=One|publisher=Javier Vergara Editor|isbn=978-956-7510-87-0}}{{cite book|author1=Jorge Arrate|author2=Eduardo Rojas|title=Memoria de la izquierda chilena: 1970-2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pcxHAAAAYAAJ|year=2003|volume=Two|publisher=Javier Vergara Editor|isbn=978-956-7510-88-7}} Also coauthored with Paulo Hidalgo is Pasión y razón del socialismo (1989), on the history of socialism in Chile. La fuerza democrática de la idea socialista (1985), written in exile and published in several issues in his country, had wide influence on the political leanings of the final years of the military dictatorship and the beginning of the democratic transition.

Brief political texts, collected in three compilations, have appeared in newspapers and magazines as Arauco, Chile América, Plural, Pensamiento Socialista, Convergencia, La Época, La Tercera, El Mercurio, Ercilla, APSI, Análisis, El Mostrador, Rocinante, Asuntos Públicos, "Punto Final", La Nación (Buenos Aires), La Nación (Santiago), Le Monde Diplomatique, Encuentro XXI, Crítica Social, and Letra Internacional, among others.

{{reflist|3}}

• [http://www.archivochile.com/Dictadura_militar/doc_jm_gob_pino8/DMdocjm0022.pdf Bando n° 10 de la Junta de Gobierno, "Orden a Lista de dirigentes políticos a presentarse ante las autoridades militares para ser detenidos", 11 de septiembre de 1973, Archivo Chile.com]

{{commons category}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090829150937/http://www.arrate2009.cl/ Personal Page for the 2009 elections].
• [http://diario.elmercurio.cl/detalle/index.asp?id={ce5357e2-5ef9-4302-ae11-0e149cbbd560} Interview in El Mercurio of October 26, 200].
• [http://www.puntofinal.cl/646/mercado.htm Interview in the magazine "Punto Final" (August 24, 2007)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220172406/http://puntofinal.cl/646/mercado.htm |date=February 20, 2009 }}.
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20150711175628/http://www.elclarin.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13132&Itemid=3496 Column on the website "El Clarín de Chile" (September 14, 2008)].
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20120119121427/http://www.revistamasiva.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=45&Itemid=38 Interview on the website "Massive Magazine"].
• [http://www.terra.cl/actualidad/index.cfm?id_cat=1675&id_reg=1097892 Interview on the website Terra of January 6, 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512220215/http://www.terra.cl/actualidad/index.cfm?id_cat=1675&id_reg=1097892 |date=May 12, 2009 }}.
• [http://blogs.elmercurio.com/cronica/2009/04/25/no-creo-que-la-izquierda-sea-e.asp Interview with El Mercurio, April 25, 2009].
• [http://diario.elmercurio.cl/detalle/index.asp?id={46159080-7792-47f3-8e69-8f47cb47814c} Interview with El Mercurio of October 3, 2009].

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