Joseph Christopher

Joseph Gerard Christopher was born in Buffalo, New York on July 26, 1955, as the only son born to Therese (née Hurley) and Nicholas Christopher. His mother was a registered nurse, and his father was a maintenance worker with the city's Sanitation Department. Joseph had two older sisters and one younger sister. Nicholas was an outdoorsman and hunter who taught Joseph how to shoot and handle weapons at a young age; according to friends, Joseph had a passion for the outdoors which exceeded all of his other interests.

He enrolled in the automotive mechanics program at Burgard Vocational High School in 1971. He was remembered as a quiet student who did well in his shop courses before dropping out in early 1974, and was said to be "very intelligent, though he wasn't book-smart." He then worked a series of odd jobs before securing employment as a maintenance man at Canisius College, where he shared a midnight shift with a co-worker. He was fired in March 1979 for sleeping on the job and returned to live with his parents.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/16/nyregion/buffalo-suspect-s-friends-are-mystified.html|title=BUFFALO SUSPECT'S FRIENDS ARE MYSTIFIED|first=M. A.|last=Farber|accessdate=22 January 2017|work=The New York Times|date=16 May 1981|ref=nyt}}

Christopher, diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, reached out for assistance after noticing his mental health slipping in 1978. He tried to admit himself to the Buffalo Psychiatric Center in September 1980. The Psychiatric Center staff told him he was not a danger to himself or others and so could not be admitted. This was a common practice at a time when such centers were being downsized. Instead, the center officials recommended counseling therapy. Fourteen days after he left the center, the killings began.{{cite news|last1=Warner|first1=Gene|title=A new look at the .22-Caliber Killer|url=http://www.buffalonews.com/city-region/a-new-look-at-the-22-caliber-killer-20160702|accessdate=22 January 2017|work=The Buffalo News|date=2 July 2016|ref=buffalonewsjuly2016}}

Christopher's murder spree began on September 22, 1980, when he killed three black men and one boy in the space of 36 hours with a .22 caliber sawed-off Ruger 10/22 semi-automatic rifle concealed in a brown paper bag. These murders led to the media epithet of the .22-Caliber Killer.{{cite web|title=So-called Midtown Stabber kills his first victim|publisher=History.com|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/so-called-midtown-stabber-kills-his-first-victim|accessdate=April 3, 2013}} A 14-year-old boy, Glenn Dunn, was the first victim, shot outside a supermarket in Buffalo on September 22. Harold Green, 32, was shot the next day while dining at a fast food restaurant in Cheektowaga. That same evening in Buffalo, 30 year old Emmanuel Thomas was shot while crossing the street to his home, only 7 blocks away from Glenn Dunn's murder. On September 24, Joseph McCoy was shot to death in Niagara Falls.

He committed two more murders on October 8 and October 9, both times bludgeoning his victims to death and then cutting their hearts out.[http://frankedobson.com/SuperUser/FED_Background042810F.pdf Profile of Joseph Christopher] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223350/http://frankedobson.com/SuperUser/FED_Background042810F.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }}, frankedobson.com. Retrieved December 9, 2014.[http://brucecorris.blogspot.com/2011/09/buffalos-serial-killer-anniversary-we.html Profile of Joseph Christopher], brucecorris.blogspot.com, September 2011. Retrieved December 9, 2014. The bloodied, beaten, and mutilated body of 71 year old Parler Edwards was found in the trunk of his taxi cab parked in Amherst on October 8. Forty-year-old Ernest Jones was found in similar condition beside the Niagara River in Tonawanda on October 9. Jones' blood-spattered taxi was found 3 miles away in Buffalo.

Collin Cole, 37, was attacked in a Buffalo hospital on October 10. A white man matching the description of the .22 Caliber Killer tried to strangle him to death. Cole said the man snarled, "I hate niggers" at him before trying to kill him. He was saved by the arrival of a nurse, and though severe damage had been done to his throat, he survived the attack.

These initial murders went unsolved at first, and Christopher enlisted in the United States Army in November, and was stationed at Fort Benning. He soon received Christmas furlough and arrived in Manhattan on December 20, where, on December 22, he committed four more murders and two more attacks; this time stabbing his victims to death, thus earning the moniker of the Midtown Slasher. Twenty-five year old John Adams was stabbed at around 11:30 a.m., but survived. About two hours later, 32 year old Ivan Frazier was attacked. He managed to deflect the blade with his hand, suffering only minor injuries. Luis Rodriguez, 19, was the first murder of the day; at around 3:30 p.m., he was stabbed to death. At 6:50 p.m., 30 year old Antone Davis was stabbed to death. Around 4 hours later, 20 year old Richard Renner was stabbed and killed. Finally, Carl Ramsey was stabbed with a knife while on the subway at around 11 p.m., and died from his injuries before midnight.Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/jbJeWTBCvZ8 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20201031081747/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbJeWTBCvZ8 Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbJeWTBCvZ8&t=126s| title = .22 Caliber Killer {{!}} FULL EPISODE {{!}} The FBI Files | via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}

Christopher then returned to Buffalo and fatally stabbed another black man, 31-year-old Roger Adams, on December 29 and 26-year-old Wendell Barnes in Rochester on December 30. He committed three additional attacks in Buffalo on New Year's Eve and New Year's Day (Albert Menefee, Larry Little, and Calvin Crippen), but all three victims survived. Christopher then returned to Fort Benning in January 1981.

When back at Fort Benning, Christopher attacked a fellow black soldier with a paring knife in what was described as an unprovoked attack on January 18. The soldier survived the attack and Christopher was placed in the fort's stockade, where he attempted suicide by cutting himself with a razor. In a subsequent psychiatric session, he told a psychiatrist that he "had to" kill blacks. This admission caused Christopher's home to be searched by the police. There the police found evidence linking Christopher to three murders, which led to his indictment in April 1981 and his transfer back to Buffalo for his trial on May 8.

He pleaded not guilty to the three murders and refused counsel by lawyers hired by his mother, opting instead to represent himself. He was subsequently found guilty and sentenced to 60 years in prison, but this ruling was overturned as the trial judge had barred the defense from presenting expert psychiatric testimony about Christopher's ability to stand trial.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/24/nyregion/buffalo-man-guilty-in-80-killing.html|title=BUFFALO MAN GUILTY IN '80 KILLING|newspaper=The New York Times |date=24 October 1985 }} He was later found competent to stand trial, and appeared in court again in 1985 under various charges which led to him being sentenced to life imprisonment. While imprisoned at the Attica Correctional Facility, Christopher claimed that he committed 13 killings.[http://skdb.fgcu.edu/public/murderer/joseph_christopher Profile of Joseph Christopher], Radford/FGCU Serial Killer Database. Retrieved December 9, 2014 Christopher would ultimately be convicted of three .22 caliber killings, those being Glenn Dunn, Harold Green and Emanuel Thomas.{{cite web|url=https://casetext.com/case/people-v-christopher-5|title=People v. Christopher|website=casetext}} He died in prison due to a rare form of male breast cancer on March 1, 1993, at the age of 37.[http://artvoice.com/issues/v9n42/halloween_frightening_buffalonians Profile of Joseph Christopher] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220060051/http://artvoice.com/issues/v9n42/halloween_frightening_buffalonians |date=2014-12-20 }}, artvoice.com. Retrieved December 9, 2014.

The Discovery Channel cable network television show The FBI Files first aired its Joseph Christopher investigation, on May 9, 2000, titled the ".22 Caliber Killer".{{cite web|title=The FBI Files|url=http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/the-fbi-files/episode-18-season-2/22-caliber-killer/197286/|website=TV Guide|accessdate=22 January 2017|language=en|date=30 May 2000}}

• Neal Long
• List of serial killers in the United States
• List of serial killers by number of victims

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• [http://ny.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.19850705_0047203.NY.htm/qx State of New York v. Joseph G. Christopher (07/05/85)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822164612/http://ny.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.19850705_0047203.NY.htm/qx |date=2016-08-22 }}

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Category:1955 births

Category:1980 murders in the United States

Category:1993 deaths

Category:20th-century American criminals

Category:American people convicted of murder

Category:American people who died in prison custody

Category:American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment

Category:American male criminals

Category:American murderers of children

Category:American white supremacists

Category:Deaths from cancer in New York (state)

Category:Deaths from male breast cancer

Category:Deaths from breast cancer in New York (state)

Category:Criminals from Buffalo, New York

Category:People with schizophrenia

Category:People convicted of murder by New York (state)

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Category:Prisoners who died in New York (state) detention

Category:Racially motivated violence against African Americans in Georgia (U.S. state)

Category:Racially motivated violence against African Americans in New York (state)

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Category:Serial killers from New York (state)

Category:Serial killers who died in prison custody

Category:Violence against men in the United States