Joseph Gelson Gregson

Joseph Gelson Gregson (1835–1909) was an English Baptist missionary to the Indian sub-continent during the British Raj.

As a British Indian Army chaplain, he worked hard to achieve total abstinence from alcohol among British Indian Army soldiers, his major achievement being the Soldiers Total Abstinence Association (STAA) that he founded in 1862 and was recognized for its military value. He played a major role during 1896 in the formation of the Kerala Brethren church in Kerala, South India.

Through his preachings at Lonavla in 1895, he brought about the spiritual awakening of the social reformer Pandita Ramabai.

He used to preach at major, large-scale Christian spiritual gatherings such as Maramon Convention in Kerala and Keswick Convention in Cumbria, North West England.

Early life

Gregson was baptized at the now defunct St. Luke's, London, Finsbury (a former Anglican parish).{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dx8cDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT103|title=Lives Beyond Baker Street: A Biographical Dictionary of Sherlock Holmes's Contemporaries|last=Redmond|first=Christopher|date=2016-12-19|publisher=Andrews UK Limited|isbn=9781780929071|language=en}}

Later, he became a member of Baptist Church, ordained as a minister and chose to become a missionary to India.

After the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 was concluded, he was sent to India to serve as a missionary of Baptist Missionary Society{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/indianmissionar00badlgoog|title=Indian Missionary Directory and Memorial Volume|last=Brenton Hamline Badley|date=1876|publisher=Trubner and co.|others=New York Public Library|language=en}}

during 1858 to 1869 and was mainly stationed at Agra.{{Cite web|url=https://search.fibis.org/frontis/bin/aps_detail.php?id=1110935|title=FIBIS Database: Indian Missionary Directory and Memorial Volume 1881|website=search.fibis.org|access-date=2018-01-04}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

On 26 December 1861, he married Mary Anne, eldest daughter of N Brice, at Dinapore Cantonment while he was based in Monghyr (Munger, Bihar).{{Cite web|url=https://search.fibis.org/frontis/bin/aps_detail.php?id=797097|title=FIBIS Database: Marriages as reported in 'Domestic Occurrences' in the Times of India 1862 Edition|website=search.fibis.org|access-date=2018-01-04}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Cite web|url=https://search.fibis.org/frontis/bin/aps_detail.php?id=1254926|title=FIBIS Database: Allens Indian Mail - All India Marriages 1862|website=search.fibis.org|access-date=2018-01-05}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Cite web|url=https://search.fibis.org/frontis/bin/aps_detail.php?id=224685|title=FIBIS Database: Registry Office Marriage Index 1852-1911|website=search.fibis.org|access-date=2018-01-05}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

Early ministry and Indian army chaplaincy

Gregson had served in British India as an Army Chaplain and he worked hard to realize total abstinence from alcohol among soldiers of British Indian Army.

In 1862, he founded the Soldiers Total Abstinence Association (STAA).{{Cite journal|date=May 6, 1871|title=From a Lance-Corporal in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ltNOAAAAYAAJ&q=joseph+gelson+gregson&pg=PA271|journal=The Temperance Record|volume=787|pages=271}}

Under Gregson's leadership, the STAA grew in importance by absorbing regimental temperance societies. One military admirer described him The Apostle of Temperance in the British Army.{{cite book|last1=Snape|first1=Michael|title=The Redcoat and Religion: The Forgotten History of the British Soldier from the Age of Marlborough to the Eve of the First World War|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136007422|pages=114|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ygPtKUZvn3gC&q=%22gregson%22&pg=PA114|access-date=29 December 2017|language=en}} He observed, in 1886, that "To such an extent has it prevailed, that the heathen regard the use of intoxicating liquor as a sign of a Christian."{{cite book|last1=Ellison|first1=H. J.|title=Twenty-five years of church temperance work : a retrospect and a new departure : a letter to His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury|date=1886|publisher=London : Church of England Temperance Publication Depot Society, 9, Bridge Street, Westminster, S.W.|pages=22–23|url=https://archive.org/details/twentyfiveyearso00elli?q=gelson+gregson}}

In 1873, due to Gregson's hard work during his stay as a missionary at Agra, the [https://wiki.fibis.org/w/Havelock_Memorial_Chapel Havelock Memorial Chapel] at Agra was constructed in memory of Henry Havelock, who had founded the first Baptist Chapel of Agra in 1832.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffbkp8zbRx8C&pg=SA1875-PA148|title='The' Illustrated London News|date=1875|publisher=Elm House|language=en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.colonialwalkagra.com/cantt-colonial-walk.php|title=Colonial Walks Agra|website=www.colonialwalkagra.com|access-date=2018-01-08}}

From 1879 to 1886, Gregson served as the pastor of Union Church, Mussoorie (that was officially established in 1869). During this period, he ensured regular Sunday School classes, mid-week Bible reading meetings at homes. He also organized regular meetings at the Soldiers' Institute in nearby cantonment town of Landour and at the Woodstock School there.{{Cite web|url=http://unionchurchmussoorie.org|title=Early History: The Union Church, Mussoorie and Landour|website=unionchurchmussoorie.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003114746/http://unionchurchmussoorie.org/history|archive-date=2016-10-03|url-status=live}}

Return to England

Gregson belonged to the Elm Grove Baptist Church{{Cite news|url=http://archiseek.com/2012/1879-elm-grove-baptist-church-southsea-hampshire/|title=1879 - Elm Grove Baptist Church, Southsea, Hampshire - Architecture of Hampshire - Archiseek - Irish Architecture|date=2012-05-10|work=Archiseek - Irish Architecture|access-date=2018-01-05|language=en-US}} and after completing his service in India, Gregson retired to Southsea by 1886.

Gregson addressed the Keswick Convention of North England in 1886. Although a Baptist, he chose to be a part of the Keswick Evangelist team because of their swing to Modernism.{{cite web|title=Trivandrum Gospel Hall: Brethren Assembly, Kunnukuzhy, Palayam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India: History|url=http://www.trivandrumgospelhall.org.in/index.php/aboutus/history|website=www.trivandrumgospelhall.org.in|access-date=29 December 2017|archive-date=29 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229172614/http://www.trivandrumgospelhall.org.in/index.php/aboutus/history|url-status=dead}}

In 1892, Gregson assumed the leadership of the Soldier's Institute at Portsmouth from its founder Sarah Robinson aka soldier's friend.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6MvuBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA61|title=Scandal, Salvation and Suffrage: The Amazing Women of the Temperance Movement|last=Black|first=Ros|date=2015-03-28|publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd|isbn=9781784621704|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nX5sAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA163|title=Woman's Mission: A Series of Congress Papers on the Philanthropic Work of Women by Eminent Writers|last=Burdett-Coutts|first=Angela Georgina|date=2013-08-22|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781108057349|language=en}}

However, he could hold this responsibility only for two years and his friend Sidney Smith had to take over in 1894, as Gregson was once again travelling to India.

Visits to South Africa, Ceylon and India

In 1894, as an ex-Indian Army Chaplain, he left England once again to visit South Africa, Ceylon, and India.{{cite book|last1=Harford|first1=Charles F.|title=The Keswick convention|date=1931|publisher=Marshall Brothers, Keswick House|location=London|page=148|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73aSBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA148|access-date=29 December 2017|language=en}}

In 1894, Gregson visited South Africa during a time when Andrew Murray, Keswick and Higher Life leader, was ministering there.

In 1895, Gregson held special mission services in Bombay.{{Cite journal|last=Ornelas|first=Marco|date=2016-01-01|title=Speaking-in-Tongues as Kriya: The Hindu Connection|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315545738}}

In April 1895, Gregson preached again at the Lanouli camp (an old Methodists camp with tents, located at Lanouli or Lanowli known as Lonavla today, and renovated in 1893 {{Cite web|url=https://www.cmalliance.org/resources/archives/downloads/indiapdf/IA-1894-05.pdf|title=The India Alliance. VOL. I May, 1894. No. 4|website=www.cmalliance.org|access-date=2017-12-29}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}).

It was during this particular meeting at Lanouli camp, where Pandita Ramabai, the famous Indian social reformer (who had already become a Christian in 1887), experienced a deep spiritual awakening and professed to have been touched by the Holy Spirit.

After this meeting, she and her friend together had a conversation with Gregson where she asked several questions which he answered based on the Biblical Scripture much to the satisfaction of Ramabai. This encounter with Gregson, an active promoter of the Keswick spirituality, inspired Ramabai to attend and address the Keswick Convention during a return journey back from the US to India.

Visit to Kerala

In 1896, Gregson visited Kerala and during February 1897, spoke at the Maramon Convention, which is regarded as the largest Christian convention in Asia.{{Cite web|url=http://www.puthuppallybrethren.org/what-we-believe/-brethren|title=Brethren in India|website=www.puthuppallybrethren.org|access-date=2017-12-30}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mv7YAAAAMAAJ|title=Saint Thomas and the Syrian Churches of India|last=Koshy|first=Rev K. V.|date=1999-01-01|publisher=ISPCK|isbn=9788172144951|language=en}}

Although a Baptist preacher, he was sympathetic to the Plymouth Brethren perspective and helped the local Christians to establish the first Brethren Assembly in the central Travancore kingdom (now Kerala).

His visit to Kerala was organised by C. P. Thomas from Ayroor, a village near Kumbanad in Central Travancore.

Gregson held many talks and classes with the priests and laymen within the Mar Thoma Church, after obtaining approval from the Malankara Metropolitan. Due to his preaching, many felt assured of receiving salvation.

Gregson organized a month-long Bible course based on Paul the Apostle's Epistles to the Colossians and Romans.{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/turningworldupsi00stun|url-access=registration|title=Turning the world upside down: a century of missionary endeavour: a record|last=Stunt|first=W. T.|date=1972|publisher=Upperton Press [for] Echoes of service|language=en}}

As a Baptist preacher, he also discussed Baptism as an important subject in his talks.{{Cite book|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/157184070/Pentecostal-Churches-in-Kerala-01-04-11|title=Pentecostal Churches in Kerala and Indigenous Leadership|last=K.A.|first=Ipe|publisher=Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (ISPCK), Kashmere Gate, Delhi|year=2011|location=Delhi|pages=14}}

As a result of his activity, few priests and laymen had decided to receive Adult Baptism, even though they were already baptized as children.

These actions were not acceptable to the Mar Thoma church's traditional teachings and therefore, many Mar Thoma Church leaders became infuriated and banned Gregson from ministering in the Church.

Although Gregson had to leave, as an indirect result of his mission work, in 1897, the vicar of Kumbanad and Eraviperoor Mar Thoma Churches, P E Mammen (Kumbanattachen), received baptism from Handley Bird,{{Cite web|url=https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb133-hhb|title=Papers of Handley Bird|work=Archives Hub, University of Manchester Library|access-date=2017-12-30}} a Brethren missionary, at Kunnamkulam.

Eventually, his ministry led to the establishment of Brethren movement, supported by Volbrecht Nagel who celebrated the Holy Supper on 19 March 1899 at Kunnamkulam.

Death

He died at Totnes, Devon County in 1909 at the age of 73.{{Cite web|url=https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?r=121420853:1214&d=bmd_1513933595|title=FreeBMD Entry Info: Deaths Mar 1909|website=www.freebmd.org.uk|access-date=2018-01-05}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:2JS1-3PM|title=England and Wales Death Registration Index 1837-2007, England & Wales Deaths, 1837-2006|date=31 December 2014|website=FamilySearch|volume=5B|pages=119}}

Books

Gregson authored a number of works{{cite web|title=[WorldCat.org] Books by J Gelson Gregson|url=http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3AGregson%2C+J.+Gelson.&qt=hot_author|website=www.worldcat.org|access-date=29 December 2017|language=en}} across three decades:

A plea for the dis-establishment of the Irish Church : by J. Gelson Gregson, minister of Kent Street chapel. [1868]
"Nehushtan." The annual temperance sermon, preached in Kent Street Chapel, Portsea, [1871]
The Soldiers' Temperance Manual, how to form and work a Temperance Society in the Army [1878]
Through the Khyber Pass to Sherpore Camp, Cabul : an account of temperance work among our soldiers in the Cabul Field Force [1883] {{Cite journal|last=Gelson|first=Gregson, Rev. J.|date=1883|title=Through the Khyber Pass to Sherpore Camp, Cabul. An account of Temperance Work among our soldiers in the Cabul Field Force|journal=Books in English |url=https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/afghanuno/113/|language=en}}
The drink traffic in India [1884]
His yoke is easy : a personal narrative of finding rest [1887]
Drinking and the drink traffic in India : a lecture [1887]
Drinking and the drink problem in India. [1887]
The life of a Christian soldier in a barrack-room : Private Robert Jones, HM.'s 65th Regt [1894]
Among the Syrian Christians in Travancore. [1897]