Joseph I. France

France was born in Cameron, Missouri, the son of Hanna Fletcher (née James) and Joseph Henry France. He attended the common schools in the area and the Canandaigua Academy in Canandaigua, New York. At the age of 11, he worked as a telegraph messenger.{{Cite web |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75500349/ex-senator-france-dies-in-maryland-27/ |title=Ex-Senator France Dies in Maryland |date=1939-01-27 |page=30 |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=2021-04-10}}

In 1895, he graduated from Hamilton College in Clinton, New York,{{cite book|last1=Clark University (Worcester, Mass.)|title=Decennial celebration, 1889-1899|date=1899|publisher=Clark|page=494|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eB7iAAAAMAAJ&q=Joseph+Irwin+France+Hamilton+college&pg=PA494|access-date=15 July 2014}} where he was a brother of Theta Delta Chi. He also attended the University of Leipzig in Leipzig, Germany and finally, in 1897, graduated from the medical department of Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts.

France began to teach natural science at the Jacob Tome Institute of Port Deposit, Maryland, in 1897, but resigned later to enter the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Baltimore, Maryland. He commenced the practice of medicine in Baltimore after graduation in 1903.

France was elected to the Maryland State Senate in 1906, serving until 1908. He left the Senate in 1908 to engage in the field of finance. He served as the secretary to the medical and surgical faculty of Maryland from 1916 to 1917.

After a short time out of politics, France re-entered the political arena in 1916 and was elected to the United States Senate. During the 65th Congress, he served in the Senate as the chairman of the Committee on Public Health and National Quarantine. France attempted to introduce an amendment to the Sedition Act of 1918 that would have ensured limited free speech protections, but the amendment was defeated, and France would remark that the legislation was criminal, repressive, and characteristic of the Dark Ages.Revolutionary sparks: freedom of expression in modern America, Margaret A. Blanchard, 1992 [https://archive.org/details/revolutionaryspa00blan/page/77 ]

France warned in March 1920 that "Republican liberals" would split off the Republican Party to form the "Anti-Prohibition Party".WARNS OF REPUBLICAN SPLIT; Senator France Declares "Liberals" May Form Anti-Prohibition Party, New York Times, March 23, 1920 [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D04E6DC1738E13ABC4B51DFB566838B639EDE] France introduced a joint resolution in the same month asking that dissenters imprisoned during World War I be pardoned.War powers of the executive in the United States, pg. 151, Clarence Arthur Berdahl, 1921 [https://books.google.com/books?id=PGMPAAAAYAAJ&q=Senator+France] He was an unsuccessful candidate for re-election in 1922, losing his seat to Democratic rival William Cabell Bruce.

Following his defeat, France became President of the Republic International Corporation and also resumed the practice of medicine in Port Deposit. France also joined the Freemasons during this time.[http://www.phoenixmasonry.org/10,000_famous_freemasons/Volume_2_E_to_J.htm 10,000 Famous Freemasons, 1957, William R. Denslow]

France opposed Herbert Hoover in Republican primaries during the Presidential campaign of 1932. He was giving a speech at the Republican Convention in Chicago when the microphone malfunctioned, leaving France continuing his speech while the sound system was repaired.JOSEPH IRWIN FRANCE, M.D. The Professor & Senator Who Would Be President, Erika Quesenbery, Curator, Paw Paw Museum, Port Deposit, MD [http://www.portdeposit.com/History/JosephIrwinFranceMD.htm] Although he won some contests, receiving more popular votes than any other candidate including Hoover, few delegates were selected in the primaries and France was heavily defeated at the convention.

When Senator Phillips Lee Goldsborough announced his retirement from the Senate in 1934, France attempted to win his seat. He was unsuccessful in the election of 1934, losing to Democratic rival George L. P. Radcliffe.

France was the first U.S. Senator to visit Russia after the Russian Revolution, and consistently advocated cordial relations with the Soviet Union.[https://web.archive.org/web/20081215032939/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,741414,00.html POLITICAL NOTES: France-for-President, April 20, 1931] In 1921 after having been sent to Russia to study economic conditions there, he met with Russian officials, including Lenin, to assist in the release of Marguerite Harrison, an American journalist and convicted spy.Marooned in Moscow: the Story of an American Woman Imprisoned in Russia, 1921, Marguerite E. Harrison,[https://archive.org/stream/maroonedinmoscow00harr/maroonedinmoscow00harr_djvu.txt] Lenin wrote in a letter to Georgy Chicherin:

{{blockquote|I have just finished a conference with Senator France. ... He told me how he came out for Soviet Russia at large public meetings together with Comrade Martens [an unofficial Soviet representative in the United States]. He is what they call a "liberal", for an alliance of the United States plus Russia, plus Germany, in order to save the world from Japan, England, and so on, and so on.Herbert Hoover and famine relief to Soviet Russia, 1921–1923, pg. 9, Benjamin M. Weissman, 1974 [https://books.google.com/books?id=v_Es-_Jh2qUC&q=%22Senator+France%22]}}

The letter went on to relate that Marguerite Harrison was the sister-in-law of the Governor of Maryland and that Senator France's re-election was put in jeopardy by her incarceration. France attracted controversy in the United States by accusing Colonel Edward W. Ryan of the American Red Cross of fomenting the Kronstadt rebellion.[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E01E2DA173EEE3ABC4C53DFBE66838A639EDE WASHINGTON LAUGHS AT FRANCE CHARGES, New York Times, August 4, 1921]

France spoke at a 1920 meeting of the NAACP to support the enactment of the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill."Senator France, Representative Dyer to Urge Federal Anti-Lynching [Law]", Press Service of the NAACP, November 29, 1920 [http://womhist.alexanderstreet.com/lynch/doc3.htm] France fought against voter disenfranchisement, and proposed an amendment to a railroad bill so that black train passengers paying a first-class fare could get first-class accommodations.THE FIRST COLORED Professional, Clerical and Business DIRECTORY OF BALTIMORE CITY 10th Annual Edition, 1922–1923, Volume 502, Preface 2 [http://www.msa.md.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/sc2908/000001/000502/html/am502p--2.html]

In 1903 France married Evalyn Smith Tome, widow of millionaire Jacob Tome. Evalyn France was the first woman to be president of a national bank.[https://web.archive.org/web/20121104032558/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,751691-2,00.html Milestones, Time Magazine, May 2, 1927] Three months after her death in 1927, France married a Russian woman named Tatiana Vladimirovna Dechtereva in Paris.[http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/foy-franchot.html The Political Graveyard: Index of Politicians] They divorced in July 1938.

France died of a heart attack on January 26, 1939, at his home on the Tome estate in Port Deposit. He is buried at Hopewell Cemetery in Port Deposit.

• Evalyn France
• U.S.-Soviet relations
• Marguerite Harrison

{{reflist|30em}}

• {{Commons category-inline}}
• [https://archives.lib.umd.edu/repositories/2/resources/1039 Joseph Irwin France papers] at the University of Maryland Libraries

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Category:1873 births

Category:1939 deaths

Category:Republican Party Maryland state senators

Category:Clark University alumni

Category:Hamilton College (New York) alumni

Category:People from Cameron, Missouri

Category:Candidates in the 1932 United States presidential election

Category:Republican Party United States senators from Maryland

Category:Physicians from Maryland

Category:People from Port Deposit, Maryland

Category:Politicians from Cecil County, Maryland

Category:American civil rights activists

Category:20th-century members of the Maryland General Assembly

Category:20th-century United States senators