Joseph Toynbee

Joseph Toynbee was born in Heckington, Lincolnshire on 30 December 1815, and baptised there on 2 January 1816.[https://www.lincstothepast.com/Records/RecordDisplayTranscript.aspx?oid=546578&iid=377921 "January 2nd 1816. Joseph, son of George and Elizabeth Toynbee. Abode: Heckington. Father's Occupation: Farmer."] HECKINGTON PAR/1/6: Baptisms 1813 - 1842: No.158, p. 20. Lincolnshire Archives. Retrieved 6 November 2020. He was the third[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZZN-9VK Family Search] (subscription required) son of fifteen children of the wealthy land owner and farmer George Toynbee (1783–1865). George's first wife and the mother of Joseph, was Elizabeth, (maiden surname of Cullen, 1785–1820).[https://www.lincstothepast.com/Records/RecordDisplayTranscript.aspx?oid=525486&iid=378276"Elizabeth, wife of George Toynbee junior, Farmer. Abode: Heckington Fen. Buried March 29th 1820. Age 35."] HECKINGTON PAR/1/7: Burials 1813 - 1864: No.191, p. 24. Lincolnshire Archives. Retrieved 2 March 2020. Joseph's parents were married at Bracebridge, Lincolnshire, on 21 May 1811, by Licence.[https://www.lincstothepast.com/Records/RecordDisplayTranscript.aspx?oid=525303&iid=83865 "George Toynbee of Heckington Bachelor & Elizabeth Cullen of this parish, Spinster."] BRACEBRIDGE PAR/1/8: Marriages 1809 - 1812: No.6, p. 2. Lincolnshire Archives. Retrieved 6 November 2020.[https://www.freereg.org.uk/search_records/5818033ae93790eb7f0918cd/elizabeth-cullen-george-toynbee-marriage-lincolnshire-bracebridge-1811-05-21?citation_type=wikitree&locale=en "Bracebridge : All Saints : "Parish Register" database, FreeREG marriage George Toynbee to Elizabeth Cullen 21 May 1811."] FreeReg database transcription. Mick Claxton. File line number 320. Retrieved 6 November 2020.

After several years of private tuition, he attended King's Lynn Grammar School in Norfolk. At the age of seventeen he studied medicine. His first experience in medicine came when he was apprenticed to William Wade of the Westminster General Dispensary in Gerrard Street in London's Soho. He studied anatomy under George Derby Dermott (1802–1847) at Hunterian Medical School at the Great Windmill Street, and later gained a reputation as a prosector.

Joseph married Harriet Holmes, a daughter of Nathaniel Reynolds Holmes, on 4 August 1846, at St John's Church, Hampstead. The couple were married by Licence.[https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/1623/images/31280_198361-00488?pId=3699206 "London, England, Church of England Marriages and Banns, 1754-1932 for Joseph Toynbee."] Camden: St John, Hampstead: Marriages 1837 - 1851, No.293, p. 147.London Metropolitan Archives, Saint John at Hampstead, Register of marriages, P81/JN1, Item 076. Ancestry.com, 2010. Retrieved 6 November 2020. They had nine children together, including economic historian Arnold Toynbee (1852–1883), the Dante scholar Paget Toynbee (1855–1932) and the bacteriologist Grace Frankland (née Toynbee, 1858–1946).Cohen, S. (23 September 2004). Frankland [née Toynbee], Grace Coleridge (1858–1946), bacteriologist. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 30 Jan. 2018, see [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-62321 link]

Another son, Harry Valpy Toynbee (1861–1941), was the father of universal historian Arnold J. Toynbee, and archaeologist and art historian Jocelyn Toynbee.

He died on 7 July 1866, at 18, Savile Row, Mayfair, while conducting experiments with prussic acid and chloroform as a remedy for tinnitus.[https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001427/18660711/038/0003 "LAMENTED DEATH OF AN EMINENT PHYSICIAN."] Morning Advertiser, Wednesday 11 July 1866, p. 3.The British Newspaper Archive: Findmypast Newspaper Archive Limited in partnership with the British Library. Retrieved 6 November 2020. Either one of these substances or their combination is to blame for his death.{{cite journal|url=http://www.aro.org/announcements/ANO-History-2.pdf |title=Sketches of Otohistory, Part 2: Origins of Otology in the British Isles: Wilde and Toynbee |journal=Audiol Neurootol |year=2004 |volume=9 |pages=129–134 |doi=10.1159/000077263 |author=Hawkins J.E. |issue=3 |pmid=15084817 |s2cid=19646504 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100428163920/http://www.authorandbookinfo.com/ngcoba/to.htm |archivedate=28 April 2010 }} He was buried at St Mary's Church, Wimbledon, on 11 July 1866. Joseph's residence on the burial register was listed as Wimbledon. He lived at Beech Holme, Wimbledon.[https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/4786/images/40761_312084-00807?pId=540220 "Surrey, England, Church of England Burials, 1813-1997 for Joseph Toynbee."] St Mary Wimbledon: Burials 1849 - 1871, No.971, p. 122. Surrey History Centre; Woking, Surrey, England; Surrey Church of England Parish Registers; Reference: P5/1/13. Ancestry.com, 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2020. A drinking fountain dedicated to his memory stands near to his home.{{Cite news |last=Toynbee |first=Polly |date=2023-03-07 |title=How a monument to my great-great-grandfather could help tackle the scourge of plastic pollution |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/mar/07/great-great-grandfather-plastic-pollution-drinking-fountain-bottles |access-date=2024-03-13 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}

He performed studies on the functionality of the Eustachian tube and tympanic membrane, and developed a form of tympanoplasty to restore function to the latter when damaged. When St. Mary's Hospital was founded in Paddington, he a became an aural surgeon and a lecturer on ear diseases{{em dash}}his course of clinical lectures being published in 1855 and 1866. During this time period he composed two major works: "A Descriptive Catalogue of Preparations Illustrative of the Diseases of the Ear" (1857), and "The Diseases of the Ear: Their Nature, Diagnosis and Treatment" (1860). From his many dissections of "deaf ears"{{definition needed|date = July 2024}}, he studied ankylosis of the stapes.

File:JosephToynbee; Trommelfell-Prothese Skizze.png

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in March 1842.{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/~/media/Royal_Society_Content/about-us/fellowship/Fellows1660-2007.pdf|title=Lists of Royal Society Fellows 1660–2007|publisher=The Royal Society|accessdate=18 July 2010|location=London|work=royalsociety.org}}

Austrian otologist Adam Politzer (1835–1920) penned biographies in French (1905) and German (1914) honoring Toynbee, whom Politzer regarded as a major influence.

• On the structure of the membrana tympani in the human ear. Richard Taylor, London 1851
• On the use of an artificial membrana tympani in cases of deafness : dependent upon perforation or destruction of the natural organ. J. Churchill, London 1857
• A Descriptive Catalogue of Preparations illustrative of the Diseases of the Ear in the Museum of Joseph Toynbee. J. Churchill, London 1857
• The Diseases of the Ear: Their Nature, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Blanchard and Lea, 1860
• Hints on the Formation of Local Museums. Robert Hardwicke, 1863

{{reflist}}

• {{cite journal|last1=Betlejewski|first1=Stanisław|last2=Betlejewski |first2=Andrzej|date=August 2009|title=Joseph Toynbee—otologist, scientist, philanthropist|journal=Otolaryngologia Polska. The Polish Otolaryngology|volume=63|issue=2|pages=199–203|location = Poland| issn = 0030-6657| pmid = 19681496| language = Polish|doi=10.1016/S0030-6657(09)70106-4 }}

{{DNB poster|Toynbee, Joseph}}

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• [https://web.archive.org/web/20100428163920/http://www.authorandbookinfo.com/ngcoba/to.htm Sketches of Otohistory; Origins of Otology in the British Isles: Wilde and Toynbee] by Joseph E Hawkins
• [http://www.politzersociety.org/Adam/Adam5.htm Adam Politzer studies] by Dr. Albert Mudry
• {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100428163920/http://www.authorandbookinfo.com/ngcoba/to.htm |date=28 April 2010 |title=New General Catalog of Old Books and Authors }}

Beginning with Joseph, the Toynbees have been prominent in British intellectual society for several generations (note that this diagram is not a comprehensive Toynbee family tree):

{{tree chart/start}}

{{tree chart | JT |y| UNK | | | | | | | | | | | JT=Joseph Toynbee
Pioneering otolaryngologist|UNK=Harriet Holmes}}

{{tree chart | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | }}

{{tree chart | AT | | HVT | | GM |y| LMH | | | AT=Arnold Toynbee
Economic historian|HVT=Harry Valpy Toynbee

|GM=Gilbert Murray
Classicist and public intellectual|LMH=Lady Mary Howard}}

{{tree chart | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | }}

{{tree chart | | | | | AJT |~|y|~| RM | | | | | AJT=Arnold J. Toynbee
Universal historian|RM=Rosalind Murray
1890–1967}}

{{tree chart | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | }}

{{tree chart | | | | AN| | PT |y| AP | | LA |AN = Antony Harry Toynbee
1914–39| PT=Philip Toynbee
Writer and journalist|AP=Anne Powell|LA = Lawrence Toynbee
b. 1922}}

{{tree chart | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | }}

{{tree chart | | | | | | | | JT | | MLT | | | | | JT=Josephine Toynbee |MLT=Polly Toynbee
Journalist}}

{{tree chart/end}}

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Category:1815 births

Category:1866 deaths

Category:People from North Kesteven District

Category:Fellows of the Royal Society

Category:English pathologists

Category:British otolaryngologists

Category:Physicians of St Mary's Hospital, London

Category:Toynbee family